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Ingrid of Sweden, Queen of Denmark; Credit – Wikipedia

November 7, 1713 – Death of Princess Maria Gabriele of Liechtenstein, the third cousin and first of the four wives of Josef Johann Adam, Prince of Liechtenstein, in Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, now in Austria
Maria Gabriele was the daughter of Hans-Adam I, the sovereign Prince of Liechtenstein who reigned 1684 – 1712. On December 1, 1712, in Vienna, twenty-year-old Maria Gabriele married twenty-two-year-old Josef Johann Adam, who became the sovereign Prince of Liechtenstein in 1721, after Maria Gabriele’s death. Sadly, after only eleven months of marriage, Maria Gabriele, aged twenty-one, died due to childbirth complications on November 7, 1713, while giving birth to her only child Prince Karl Anton of Liechtenstein who died in 1715.
Unofficial Royalty: The Four Wives of Josef Johann Adam, Prince of Liechtenstein

November 7, 1745 – Birth of Prince Henry of Wales, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn, son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, at Leicester House in London, England
Henry was the son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, who predeceased his father, King George II of Great Britain, and the brother of King George III of the United Kingdom. Henry annoyed his brother King George III when he married Anne Horton, daughter of Simon Luttrell, 1st Earl of Carhampton, and the widow of Christopher Horton of Catton Hall. King George III did not approve of the marriage as Anne was a commoner and had previously married. This marriage led to the passing of the Royal Marriages Act in 1772.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Henry of Wales, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn

November 7, 1827 – Death of Maria Theresia of Austria, Queen of Saxony, second wife of King Anton of Saxony, in Leipzig, Kingdom of Saxony, now in Saxony, Germany; buried at the Dresden Cathedral in Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, now in Saxony, Germany
Maria Theresia was the eldest child of Pietro Leopoldo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany (later Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor) and Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain. In 1787, she married the future King Anton of Saxony. The couple had four children, none of whom lived past infancy. In 1827, Maria Theresia and her husband became King and Queen of Saxony. Sadly, her tenure as Queen was short-lived. Just six months after her husband’s accession, Queen Maria Theresia died at the age of 60.
Unofficial Royalty: Maria Theresia of Austria, Queen of Saxony

November 7, 1898 – Death of Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, second wife of Leopoldo II, Grand Duke of Tuscany, at Schloss Ort in Gmunden, Austria; buried at the Imperial Crypt in Vienna, Austria
Maria Antonia was the daughter of Francesco I, King of the Two Sicilies and his second wife Maria Isabella of Spain. In 1833, she became the second wife of her first cousin Leopoldo II, Grand Duke of Saxony. They had ten children including Leopoldo’s heir, the last Grand Duke of Tuscany, Ferdinand IV. In 1859, the Grand Ducal family was forced to flee Tuscany permanently because of the wars caused by the Italian unification movement, and the family took refuge in Austria. Leopoldo II abdicated in favor of his son Ferdinand IV who was Grand Duke of Tuscany in name but never really reigned. The family settled in the Kingdom of Bohemia, then part of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire ruled by Leopoldo’s Austrian Habsburg relatives.  After her husband died in 1879, Maria Antonia mostly lived at Schloss Ort in Gmunden, a town on the Traunsee, a lake in Austria. She survived her husband by twenty-eight years, dying at the age of 83.
Unofficial Royalty: Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies, Grand Duchess of Tuscany

November 7, 2000 – Death of Ingrid of Sweden, Queen of Denmark, wife of King Frederik IX of Denmark, at Fredensborg Castle in Fredensborg, Denmark; buried at Roskilde Cathedral in Roskilde, Denmark
A great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria, Ingrid was the only daughter of the future King Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden and his first wife Princess Margaret of Connaught. In 1935, she married the future King Frederik IX of Denmark. The couple had three daughters including the current monarch of Denmark, Queen Margrethe II. As Queen, Ingrid reformed some outdated practices at court and created a more relaxed atmosphere. She was interested in gardening and art. After doing her own research on the original appearance of Gråsten Palace, she oversaw the renovations there. Queen Ingrid died at the age of 90, surrounded by her three daughters and her ten grandchildren.
Unofficial Royalty: Ingrid of Sweden, Queen of Denmark

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Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales; Credit – Wikipedia

November 6, 1479 – Birth of Juana I, Queen of Castile and León and Queen of Aragon in Toledo, Kingdom of Castile, now in Spain
Juana was the daughter of Ferdinand II, King of Aragon and Isabella I, Queen of Castile and León, and the elder sister of Catherine of Aragon, the first wife of King Henry VIII of England. She married Philip of Austria, often called Philip of Habsburg or Philip the Handsome. He was the heir of Mary, Duchess of Burgundy in her own right, the ruler of a collection of states known as the Burgundian State, and Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor. Juana was declared insane and confined in the Royal Convent of Santa Clara in Tordesillas under the orders of her father, who ruled as regent until he died in 1516 when she inherited his kingdom as well. From 1516, when her son Charles I ruled as king, she was nominally co-monarch but remained confined until her death. Joanna’s death resulted in the personal union of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire, as her son Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, also became King of Castile and Aragon. Most historians now agree Juana was clinically depressed and not insane as commonly believed.
Unofficial Royalty: Juana I, Queen of Castile and León and Queen of Aragon

November 6, 1550 – Birth of Karin Månsdotter, Queen of Sweden, wife of King Eric XIV of Sweden, in Stockholm, Sweden
Karin Månsdotter was one of several mistresses of Erik XIV, King of Sweden, and then briefly his Queen Consort. Erik first met Karin at an inn where she was a serving girl. Erik brought Karin into the palace where she worked as a chambermaid for Erik IV’s half-sister. Erik suffered from occasional bouts of mental illness and those closest to him noted that Karin had a calming effect on him. Erik and Karin had four children. The first two were born before the second official marriage in 1568 but were later legitimized. The last two died in early childhood. In 1567, Erik and Karin were married morganatically in a secret ceremony. In 1568, Karin was ennobled and a second official wedding was held in Storkyrkan (Great Church) in Stockholm, Sweden, followed the next day by Karin’s coronation as Queen of Sweden. Due to Erik’s behavior and his marriage to Karin, his younger half-brothers led a revolt against him that ended in his removal as King of Sweden in 1568. Erik was imprisoned as was Karin for a while. After Erik’s death, probably a murder from arsenic poisoning, Karin was granted an estate in Kangasala, Finland by Erik’s half-brother King Johan III  where she lived comfortably for the rest of her life.
Unofficial Royalty: Karin Månsdotter, Queen of Sweden

November 6, 1612 – Death of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales at St. James’ Palace in London, England, son of King James I of England; buried at Westminster Abbey in London, England
The heir to the thrones of England and Scotland, by the time he was 18 years old, Henry was physically mature, well-educated, an independent thinker, and ready to assume some government responsibility. He was on his way to making an excellent and popular king. Henry died of typhoid fever at age 18.  His brother Charles (later King Charles I) became heir to the throne.  Henry’s death was considered a national tragedy. In October 1612, Henry developed several symptoms including a fast pulse, a fever, a red face, a swollen stomach, gastrointestinal symptoms, and severe thirst. Later he developed delirium and violent convulsive movements. His doctors suspected poisoning but with modern medical knowledge, it is now suspected that Henry died from typhoid fever. Henry’s death caused immense grief across England and Scotland and in his family. King James I was too distraught to attend the funeral. Months later, in the middle of a meeting, he broke down, crying, “Henry is dead, Henry is dead.” His mother Queen Anne could not bear to have Henry’s death mentioned and people were advised not to give her condolences.  Henry’s brother, the future King Charles I, who was now the heir to the throne, felt the loss deeply and insisted until the end of his life that Henry had been poisoned. We can only wonder how different English history might have been if Henry Frederick had been King instead of his brother King Charles I.
Unofficial Royalty: Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales

November 6, 1650 – Death of Willem II, Prince of Orange from smallpox at The Hague, Dutch Republic, now in the Netherlands; buried in the Royal Vault of the Nieuwe Kerk in Delft, the Netherlands
In 1641, at the Chapel Royal of the Palace of Whitehall in London, England, 15-year-old Willem married nine-year-old Mary, Princess Royal, the daughter of King Charles I of England. Because of Mary’s young age, the marriage was not consummated for several years. In 1650, Mary was pregnant with her first child when her husband Willem II fell ill with smallpox. He died on November 6, 1650, at the age of 24. Eight days later, Mary gave birth to her only child Willem III, Prince of Orange who married his first cousin Mary, the eldest surviving child of the future King James II of England. Following the Glorious Revolution of 1688 in which James II was deposed, they jointly reigned as King William III and Queen Mary II. At later dates, King William III’s mother Mary, Princess Royal, and his wife Queen Mary II of England also died from smallpox.
Unofficial Royalty: Willem II, Prince of Orange

November 6, 1656 – Death of King João IV of Portugal at Ribeira Palace in Lisbon, Portugal; buried at the Monastery of São Vicente de Fora in Lisbon, Portugal
João IV was the first King of Portugal from the Portuguese House of Braganza. The Braganzas came to power after deposing the Spanish Habsburg Philippine dynasty, which had reigned in Portugal since 1580. In 1633, João married Luisa de Guzmán. They had seven children including two kings of Portugal and Catherine of Braganza, the wife of King Charles II of England. In 1646, João IV placed the crown of Portugal on the head of a statue of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception and proclaimed the Virgin Mary to be the queen, the patron saint, and the protector of Portugal. After this, no Portuguese monarch would ever wear the crown. Instead, the crown was always placed on a cushion next to the monarch. João IV, King of Portugal died on November 6, 1656, aged 52, at Ribeira Palace in Lisbon, Portugal.
Unofficial Royalty: King João IV of Portugal

November 6, 1661 – Birth of King Carlos II of Spain at the Royal Alcazar in Madrid, Spain
Carlos II was the last Spanish king from the House of Habsburg. He had physical and mental conditions probably caused by the continued inbreeding of the House of Habsburg. Carlos was a weak, sick child from birth. He did not learn to talk until he was four years old and could not walk until he was eight years old. Like many of the Habsburg family, Carlos had the Habsburg jaw (mandibular prognathism), a disfiguring genetic disorder in which the lower jaw outgrows the upper jaw. When Carlos died without children, the Spanish House of Habsburg became extinct. Carlos II was succeeded by his half-sister’s grandson Philippe of France, Duke of Anjou who reigned as Felipe V, King of Spain, the first monarch of the House of Bourbon which still reigns in the Kingdom of Spain today.
Unofficial Royalty: King Carlos II of Spain

November 6, 1754 – Birth of King Friedrich I of Württemberg at Treptow Palace in Treptow an der Rega, Pomerania, now Trzebiatów, Poland
Full name: Friedrich Wilhelm Karl
Friedrich first had a very unsuccessful marriage to Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. She was the daughter of Carl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, and Princess Augusta of Great Britain (sister of King George III of the United Kingdom). Her younger sister Caroline later married the future King George IV of the United Kingdom and also had a very unsuccessful marriage. Friedrich and Augusta had four children. In 1797, Friedrich married again to Charlotte, Princess Royal, the eldest daughter of King George III of the United Kingdom. They had one stillborn daughter born in 1798. Upon his father’s death in December 1797, Friedrich became Duke of Württemberg.  When the Holy Roman Empire was reorganized following France’s annexation of the west bank of the Rhine, Württemberg was raised to an Electorate and Friedrich became Elector in 1803.  In exchange for providing France with a large armed force, Napoleon allowed Friedrich to raise Württemberg to a kingdom in 1805.
Unofficial Royalty: King Friedrich I of Württemberg

November 6, 1796 – Birth of Leopold II, Prince of Lippe in Detmold, Principality of Lippe, now in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
When Leopold II was just five years old, his father Leopold I, Prince of Lippe died at the age of 34. Leopold II’s mother Pauline of Anhalt-Bernburg very capably acted as Regent of the Principality of Lippe until 1820. In 1820, Leopold II married Princess Emilie of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen. They had nine children including three reigning Princes of Lippe. Leopold, shy by nature, lived a restrained life. He had two passions: hunting and the theater. The Lippe Princely Court Theater (Hochfürstliches Lippisches Hoftheater) he established in Detmold was among the best in the German monarchies. The theater established by Leopold II is still in existence today. Now called the Landestheater Detmold, it is a theater for operas, operettas, musicals, ballets, and stage plays in Detmold, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Unofficial Royalty: Leopold II, Prince of Lippe

November 6, 1816 – Death of Carl II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz in Neustrelitz, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, now in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany; buried at the New Crypt of the Johanniterkirche in Mirow, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, now in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
Carl was the brother of Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, the wife of King George III of the United Kingdom. Carl married two sisters Princess Friederike and Princess Charlotte of Hesse-Darmstadt. Friederike died in childbirth delivering her tenth child and Charlotte died in childbirth giving birth to her only child. After the death of his childless brother in 1794, Carl succeeded him as Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. In 1815, at the Congress of Vienna, the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was raised to a Grand Duchy. In the summer of 1816, while Carl was throughout the German monarchies and visiting to visit family, he developed an inflammation of the lungs. Despite appearing to recover, he fell ill again that autumn and died at the age of 75.
Unofficial Royalty: Carl II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

November 6, 1817 – Death of Princess Charlotte of Wales, the only child of The Prince of Wales (later King George IV), in childbirth after delivering a stillborn son, at Claremont House in Esher, Surrey, England; buried at St. George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle in Windsor, England
Charlotte was the only child of George, Prince of Wales (the future King George IV). She married Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saafeld, the future uncle of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert and the future king of Belgium. Had Charlotte lived, she would have succeeded her father as Queen, but on November 6, 1817, a great tragedy struck the British Royal Family. After a labor of over 50 hours, Charlotte delivered a stillborn son. Several hours later, twenty-one-year-old Princess Charlotte, King George III’s only legitimate grandchild, died of postpartum hemorrhage. Charlotte was mourned by the British people in a manner similar to the mourning of Diana, Princess of Wales. Charlotte’s pregnancy and delivery were grossly mismanaged and the doctor in charge, Sir Richard Croft, later died by suicide.
Unofficial Royalty: Death of Princess Charlotte of Wales in childbirth and its impact on the succession to the British throne
Unofficial Royalty: Princess Charlotte of Wales

November 6, 1836 – Death of former King Charles X of France at the palace of Count Michael Coronini von Cronberg in Gorizia, in present-day Italy; buried at the Church of Saint Mary of the Annunciation on Kostanjevica Hill in present-day Nova Gorica, Slovenia
King Charles X was the last King of France from the House of Bourbon. He was the third son of Louis, Dauphin of France, and the younger brother of the ill-fated King Louis XVI. When Napoleon was overthrown in 1814, the Bourbons were restored and Charles’ elder brother became King Louis XVIII. In 1824, King Louis XVIII died, and Charles succeeded to the French throne as King Charles X. He would be very unpopular with the French people, and would not remain on the throne for very long. His actions led to the July Revolution of 1830, which led to his abdication. Charles lived in exile for the rest of his life. He died from cholera at the age of 79.
Unofficial Royalty: King Charles X of France

November 6, 1894 – Birth of Elisabeth Franziska von Bischoff-Korthaus, known as Ellen Bischoff-Korthaus, the wife of Adolf II, the last reigning Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe, in Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria, now in the German state of Bavaria
Ellen was an actress under the stage name Ellen Korth. Besides her stage work, she had roles in two silent films in 1918. In 1918, she married Prince Eberwyn of Bentheim and Steinfurt but the couple divorced in 1919. In 1920, Ellen married Adolf II, the last reigning Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe. Ellen and Adolf’s marriage was childless. After the end of the German Empire, Adolf was exiled from the Free State of Schaumburg-Lippe and he and Ellen lived mostly in the Brionian Islands, then Italy, now in Croatia. Ellen and Adolf died in an airplane crash in Zumpango, Mexico. Adolf and Ellen were killed along with eight other passengers from Germany, Austria, and Hungary, and four crew members. Their plane developed engine trouble and crashed between the volcanoes Popocatepetl and Ixtaccihuatl as they were flying from Mexico City, Mexico to Guatemala City, Guatemala.
Unofficial Royalty: Ellen Bischoff-Korthaus, Princess of Schaumburg-Lippe

November 6, 1896 – Birth of Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse, Head of the Electoral House of Hesse-Kassel and Head of Grand Ducal House of Hesse and by Rhine, at Rumpenheim Castle in Offenbach, Germany
Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse became head of the Electoral House of Hesse (also known as Hesse-Kassel) in 1940. In 1968, upon the death of his childless distant cousin, Prince Ludwig of Hesse and by Rhine, Philipp inherited the headship of the former Grand Ducal House of Hesse and by Rhine. This reunited the last two remaining branches of the historic House of Hesse which had been divided in 1567.
Unofficial Royalty: Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse

November 6, 1929 – Death of Prince Maximilian of Baden, Margrave of Baden, pretender to the former throne of the Grand Duchy of Baden and the Head of the House of Zähringen from 1928 until his death, in Salem, Baden-Württemberg, Germany; buried in the Mimmenhausen Cemetery in Salem.
Full name: Maximilian Alexander Friedrich Wilhelm
Maximilian was heir to the throne of the Grand Duchy of Baden and served briefly as Chancellor of the German Empire. On August 9, 1928, the last reigning Grand Duke of Baden, Friedrich II, died, and Max became the pretender to the former throne and the Head of the House of Zähringen. At that time, he assumed the historic title of Margrave of Baden. Just over a year later, on November 6, 1929, he died of kidney failure following several strokes.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Maximilian of Baden, Margrave of Baden

November 6, 1935 – Wedding of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, son of King George V of the United Kingdom, and Lady Alice Montagu-Douglas-Scott at the Private Chapel, Buckingham Palace in London, England
Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott were married on November 6, 1935, at the Private Chapel in Buckingham Palace in London, England. The wedding was originally set to be held at Westminster Abbey but the wedding venue was changed after the death of the bride’s father less than three weeks before the wedding date. Because of the circumstances, it was deemed more appropriate to have the wedding at the Private Chapel at Buckingham Palace.
Unofficial Royalty: Wedding of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott

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Sophia Dorothea of Württemberg, Maria Feodorovna, Empress of All Russia; Credit – Wikipedia

November 5, 1605 – The Gunpowder Plot, conceived by Guy Fawkes and ten accomplices, to kill King James I of England and all members of Parliament is scheduled by planting gunpowder under Parliament.  The conspirators were tried, convicted, and beheaded.
Wikipedia: Gunpowder Plot
Wikipedia: Guy Fawkes

November 5, 1660 – Death of Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle, favorite of Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of King Charles I of England, at Little Salisbury House in London, England; buried in the Percy family vault at St. Mary the Virgin Churchyard in Petworth, West Sussex, England
Probably the inspiration for the character of Milady de Winter in The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas, in 1626, Lucy was appointed Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of King Charles I, who had succeeded to the throne the previous year. Lucy soon became the queen’s favorite, was a popular figure at court, and started to engage in court intrigues. During the Second English Civil War between the Parliamentarians (Roundheads) and the Royalists (Cavaliers), Lucy sided with the Royalists. She maintained communication with Charles, Prince of Wales (the future King Charles II), and served as an intermediary between the scattered bands of royalists and Queen Henrietta Maria. In 1649, Lucy was arrested and imprisoned in the Tower of London due to her actions. She was released on bail the following year but never regained her influence in royal circles. She died of a stroke at the age of 61, soon after the monarchy was restored.
Unofficial Royalty: Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle, favorite of Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of King Charles I of England

November 5, 1726 – Death of Lady Mary Tudor, an illegitimate daughter of King Charles II of England by Mary ‘Moll’ Davis, in Paris, France
Mary’s mother Mary “Moll” Davis was an actress and singer in the Duke’s Theatre Company in London. King Charles II, an avid theatergoer, first saw Moll Davis on stage and she soon became his mistress and was given a house on Suffolk Street in London where her daughter Mary was probably born. Lady Mary Tudor was married three times and two of her sons, the grandsons of King Charles II, were beheaded for high treason. Fifty-three-year-old Mary died in Paris, France, on November 5, 1726. Her burial site is unknown.
Unofficial Royalty: Lady Mary Tudor

November 5, 1755 – Birth of Charlotte of Hesse-Darmstadt, Duchess of Mecklenburg- Strelitz, second wife of the future Grand Duke Carl II of Mecklenburg- Strelitz, in Darmstadt, Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt, now in Hesse, Germany
Full name: Charlotte Wilhelmine Christiane Marie
In 1784, Charlotte married the future Grand Duke Carl II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Carl had previously been married to her older sister Friederike who died after giving birth to her tenth child two years earlier. Charlotte and Carl had one son, however, twelve days after giving birth to her son, Charlotte died of complications from childbirth.
Unofficial Royalty: Charlotte of Hesse-Darmstadt, Duchess of Mecklenburg- Strelitz

November 5, 1802 – Death of Leopold I, Prince of Lippe in Detmold, Principality of Lippe, now in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany; first buried at the Church of the Redeemer in Detmold, his remains were later moved to the Mausoleum at the Büchenberg in Detmold
As a child, Leopold’s lack of strength of character, lack of interest, lack of concentration, and a tendency to mental disorders became apparent. In 1782, Leopold’s father died and the fourteen-year-old succeeded him. In 1790, Leopold’s mental disorders interfered with his role as reigning prince and he was deemed legally incapacitated and placed under guardianship. In 1795, the guardianship was conditionally lifted after Leopold’s condition improved. Leopold married Princess Pauline of Anhalt-Bernburg in 1796 and the couple had two sons. Because of Leopold’s tenuous mental condition, Pauline became his governmental adviser and colleague. Within the next few years, Leopold developed intestinal tuberculosis, and his mental disorders returned with memory loss. He died at the age of 34 and his five-year-old son Leopold II, Prince of Lippe succeeded him with his mother Pauline very capably acting as Regent of the Principality of Lippe.
Unofficial Royalty: Leopold I, Prince of Lippe

November 5, 1828 – Death of Empress Maria Feodorovna of Russia, born Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg, second wife of Paul I, Emperor of All Russia, at Pavlovsk Palace in St. Petersburg, Russia; buried at Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg
In 1776, less than six months after the death of Paul’s first wife in childbirth along with their only child, 17-year-old Sophie Dorothea and 22-year-old Paul, the future Emperor of All Russia, were married. Paul and  Sophie Dorothea, who took the name Maria Feodorovna after marriage, had ten children including two Emperors of All Russia. Only one of their children did not survive childhood. In 1796, after a reign of 34 years, Paul’s mother Catherine II (the Great), Empress of All Russia died. Paul was now Emperor of All Russia and Maria Feodorovna was Empress. Because of Paul’s autocratic and despotic rule, he was assassinated by a group of conspirators in 1801. After Paul’s death, Maria Feodorovna made her home at Pavlovsk Palace. She demanded recognition as the highest-ranking woman in Russia and took precedence over the wife of her son Alexander I. Although Maria Feodorovna was unable to make direct political decisions, she did have a great influence on her son Alexander as well as on her other children. She actively participated in the marriage arrangements of her younger children with members of European royal families. The current Dutch royal family are her descendants. Maria Feodorovna lived long enough to see the first three years of the reign of her third son Nicholas I, Emperor of All Russia. She outlived five of her ten children, dying at the age of 69 after a short illness.
Unofficial Royalty: Sophia Dorothea of Württemberg, Maria Feodorovna, Empress of All Russia

November 5, 1864 – Birth of Hilda of Nassau, Grand Duchess of Baden, wife of Friedrich II, Grand Duke of Baden, at Biebrich Palace in Wiesbaden, Duchy of Nassau, now in Hesse, Germany
Full name: Hilda Charlotte Wilhelmine
Hilda was the daughter of Adolphe, Duke of Nassau (later Grand Duke of Luxembourg) and Adelheid-Marie of Anhalt-Dessau. In 1885, she married Friedrich II, the future and the last Grand Duke of Baden. The couple had no children. As Grand Duchess of Baden, Hilda was a keen supporter of the arts. She often visited museums and exhibitions and helped to promote the arts throughout Baden. She also promoted education and several schools were named in her honor. Hilda’s husband was deposed and forced to abdicate when the German Empire ended in November 1918. Hilda and her husband then lived at their home on the island of Mainau in Lake Constance in Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
Unofficial Royalty: Hilda of Nassau, Grand Duchess of Baden

November 5, 1881 – Birth of Nikolai Alexandrovich Kulikovsky, second husband of Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia, in Evstratovka, Voronezh Province, Russia
Nikolai, from a minor noble family, was a member of the Blue Cuirassier Guards where one of the commanders was Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich, the younger brother of Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia. Michael’s sister, Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna, attended a military review of the Blue Cuirassier Guards. Olga was in an unsuccessful marriage with Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg. At the military review, Olga saw a tall, handsome man in the uniform of the Blue Cuirassier Guards – Nikolai – and their eyes met. Michael arranged for Nikolai and his sister Olga to meet. After years of turmoil with Olga begging for a divorce and then asking her brother Nicholas II for permission to marry Nikolai, the couple finally married in 1916. Olga and Nikolai had two sons. Olga, Nikolai, and their two sons managed to leave Russia after the Russian Revolution. After living in Denmark, the family moved to Ontario, Canada where Nikolai died in 1958.
Unofficial Royalty: Nikolai Alexandrovich Kulikovsky

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Mary, Princess Royal, Princess of Orange; Credit – Wikipedia

November 4, 1631 – Birth of Mary, Princess Royal, Princess of Orange, daughter of King Charles I of England, at St. James Palace in London, England
In 1642, Mary was created the first Princess Royal. Her mother Queen Henrietta Maria, daughter of King Henri IV of France wanted to imitate the way the eldest daughter of the King of France was styled Madame Royale. Holders retain the style for life, so a princess cannot receive the style during the lifetime of another Princess Royal. Mary married Willem II, Prince of Orange and was the mother of Willem III, Prince of Orange.  Willem III of Orange married his first cousin Mary, daughter of King James II of England. They jointly succeeded to the British throne as William III and Mary II after the overthrow of James II.
Unofficial Royalty: Mary, Princess Royal, Princess of Orange

November 4, 1731 – Birth of Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France, second wife of Louis, Dauphin of France and the mother of three Kings of France, Louis XVI, Louis XVIII, and Charles X, at Dresden Castle in Dresden, Electorate of Saxony, later in the Kingdom of Saxony, now in the German state of Saxony
Full name: Maria Josepha Karolina Eleonore Franziska Xaveria
Maria Josepha was the daughter of Augustus III, Elector of Saxony, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania and Maria Josepha of Austria. In 1747, fifteen-year-old Maria Josepha married seventeen-year-old Louis, Dauphin of France, the son and heir apparent of his father Louis XV, King of France. They had eight children including three Kings of France. Maria Josepha’s husband Louis never succeeded to the throne, dying of tuberculosis in 1765, at the age of 36. Maria Josepha, who had cared for Louis during his last illness, also contracted tuberculosis. She died at the Palace of Versailles, on March 13, 1767, at the age of 35, and was buried with her husband.
Unofficial Royalty: Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France

November 4, 1872 – Birth of Prince Barbu Alexandru Știrbey, lover/confidant of Queen Marie of Romania, at the Știrbey Palace in Buftea, Romania
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Barbu Alexandru Știrbey, lover/confidant of Queen Marie of Romania (Unofficial Royalty article coming soon.)

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Emperor Meiji of Japan;  Credit – Wikipedia

November 3, 1456 – Death of Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond, father of King Henry VII of England, died of the plague in captivity at Carmarthen Castle in Wales; initially buried in the Grey Friars Church in Carmarthen, Wales; during the Dissolution of the Monasteries under the reign of his grandson King Henry VIII, Edmund Tudor remains were moved to St. David’s Cathedral in Pembrokeshire
Edmund Tudor was the father of Henry VII, the first Tudor monarch of England, and the ancestor of the British royal family and most other European royal families. He was the son of Owen ap Maredudd ap Tudor, better known as Owen Tudor, and Catherine of Valois, Dowager Queen of England, the widow of King Henry V of England. In 1455, Edmund married Lady Margaret Beaufort, a descendant of King Edward III of England through her father. The Wars of the Roses, the fight for the English throne between the House of Lancaster and the House of York, had just started and Edmund, a Lancastrian, was taken prisoner by the Yorkists less than a year later. He died of the plague in captivity at Carmarthen Castle in Wales on November 3, 1456, leaving a 13-year-old widow who was seven months pregnant with their child, the future King Henry VII.
Unofficial Royalty: Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond

November 3, 1777 – Birth of Princess Sophia of the United Kingdom, daughter of King George III of the United Kingdom, at Buckingham Palace in London, England
Full name: Sophia Matilda
Known for giving birth to an illegitimate son, Sophia was one of the three daughters of King George III who never married. Sophia’s childhood was very sheltered and she spent most of her time with her parents and sisters. The living conditions of King George’s daughters came to be known as “the Nunnery.”  Limited in exposure to eligible men, Sophia and several of her sisters became involved with courtiers and equerries. Major-General Thomas Garth, an equerry to King George III, was 56 years old, 33 years older than Sophia, and had a large purple birthmark that disfigured his face. Sophia and Garth were allegedly lovers during the winter of 1799 at Windsor Castle, resulting in a pregnancy. In the summer of 1800, Sophia went to the seaside town of Weymouth, a holiday destination for the royal family, pretending to be suffering from dropsy. Apparently, on August 5, 1800, Sophia gave birth to a son in Weymouth. The child was adopted by a local couple. Eventually, Major-General Garth adopted the boy, renamed him Thomas Garth (Tommy), had him educated at Harrow School, made him his heir, and helped him in an army career in the 15th The King’s Hussars, his old regiment.
Unofficial Royalty: Princess Sophia of the United Kingdom

November 3, 1852 – Birth of Emperor Meiji of Japan at the Gosho, the palace compound, in Kyoto, Japan
Birth name: Mutsuhito
Meiji’s father Emperor Kōmei died suddenly in 1867 at the age of 36 and 14-year-old Meiji became Emperor. Since 1185, a shogun, a military dictator, had been the de facto ruler of Japan, although the shoguns were appointed by the Emperor. In 1868, the last shogun lost power, and in the name and with the support of the young emperor, a new, more Western-oriented upper class initiated the modernization of Japan known as the Meiji Restoration. Under Emperor Meiji’s reign, Japan started to become an industrial and naval power. The old feudal system was abolished and public state schools were introduced along with the Gregorian calendar. In 1890, the Emperor made the greatest contribution to the modernization of Japan with the enactment of a constitution.
Unofficial Royalty: Emperor Meiji of Japan

November 3, 1901 – Birth of Leopold III, King of the Belgians at the Palace of the Marquis d’Assche in Brussels, Belgium
Full name: Léopold Philippe Charles Albert Meinrad Hubertus Marie Miguel
Leopold III became king in 1934 after his father Albert I, King of the Belgians fell to his death while mountain climbing. In 1926, Leopold married Princess Astrid of Sweden and the couple had three children. Sadly, in August 1935, Astrid was killed in a car accident while the family was on vacation in Switzerland. In September 1941, Leopold married Lilian Baels. Following the marriage, Lilian was given the title Princess de Réthy and was not styled as Queen. It was also decided that any children would be Prince/Princess of Belgium but without any rights of succession.  Leopold and Lilian had three children. At the beginning of World War II, Leopold tried to maintain Belgian neutrality, but after the German invasion in May 1940, he surrendered his country, earning him much hostility, both in Belgium and around the world. Leopold and his family were held under house arrest before being liberated by the Americans in 1945. Leopold was banned for several years from returning to Belgium, where his brother Prince Charles had been declared regent. Leopold’s eventual return to Belgium in 1950 nearly caused a civil war, and under pressure from the government, he abdicated in favor of his son Prince Baudouin in July 1951.
Unofficial Royalty: Leopold III, King of the Belgians

November 3, 1923 – Wedding of King Gustaf Adolf VI of Sweden and Lady Louise Mountbatten at the Chapel Royal at St. James’s Palace in London, England
Gustaf Adolf was previously married to Princess Margaret of Connaught from 1905 until her death in 1920. In June 1923, Lady Louise’s great-aunt, Princess Helena (the third daughter of Queen Victoria), passed away in London. Among those attending the funeral was Gustaf Adolf. He and Louise were drawn to each other immediately, and despite her vow that she would never marry a king or a widower, fate had other plans. Their engagement was announced on July 1, 1923, by both the Swedish and British courts.
Unofficial Royalty: Wedding of King Gustaf Adolf VI of Sweden and Lady Louise Mountbatten

November 3, 1961 – Birth of David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon, son of Princess Margaret of the United Kingdom, at Clarence House in London, England
Full name: David Albert Charles
From 1980-1982, David studied the craft of woodworking at Parnham College in Beaminster, Dorset, England. He has had a career as a furniture designer and maker and set up his own company LINLEY in 1985. David does not have an official role, but he does take part in Royal Family events, such as Trooping the Colors. In 2002, while his grandmother Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother was lying in state at Westminster Hall, David, along with his first cousins The Prince of Wales, The Duke of York, and The Earl of Wessex, stood guard around their grandmother’s coffin.
Unofficial Royalty: David Armstrong-Jones, 2nd Earl of Snowdon

November 3, 1970 – Death of King Peter II of Yugoslavia in Denver, Colorado; originally buried at St. Sava Monastery Church in Libertyville, Illinois, reburied in 2013 at the Royal Family Mausoleum in Oplenac, Serbia
After the assassination of his father King Alexander I in 1934,  11-year-old Peter ascended the throne of Yugoslavia. In 1941, Yugoslavia was occupied by Nazi forces, and the government was forced to surrender. King Peter went into exile with the government. After settling in London, Peter married Princess Alexandra of Greece, the daughter of King Alexander I of Greece, and the couple had one son.  In 1944, a Communist government was established in Yugoslavia. The following year, the monarchy was officially abolished. After World War II, Peter and Alexandra left London, living in France and Switzerland before settling in the United States in 1949. The marriage suffered from the strain of Peter’s numerous affairs and the constant struggle to find sources of income. Eventually, they went their separate ways. Peter settled permanently in the United States while Alexandra took her son and moved to Venice with her mother. Suffering from cirrhosis of the liver, King Peter II died at the age of 47, following a failed liver transplant. Per his wishes, he was interred at the Saint Sava Monastery Church in Libertyville, Illinois. To date, he is the only European monarch to be buried in the United States. He was reburied in 2013 at the Royal Family Mausoleum in Oplenac, Serbia.
Unofficial Royalty: King Peter II of Yugoslavia

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