Yearly Archives: 2024

July 22: Today in Royal History

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Wedding of Princess Maud of Wales and Prince Carl of Denmark, later King Haakon VII of Norway; Credit – Wikipedia

July 22, 1210 – Birth of Joan of England, Queen of Scots, daughter of King John of England, wife of  Alexander II, King of Scots, in Gloucester, England
Joan was the eldest of the three daughters and the third of the five children of King John of England and Isabella of Angoulême.  Joan’s father died when she was six years old, leaving his eldest son King Henry III, a nine-year-old, to inherit his throne. Five years later, marriage negotiations were occurring for Joan. Twelve years older than Joan, Alexander II, King of Scots was the only son of William I, King of Scots (the Lion), and became King of Scots in 1214 when he was sixteen years old. On June 21, 1221, at York Minster in York, England, eleven-year-old Joan married 23-year-old Alexander. Alexander’s court was dominated by his mother Dowager Queen Ermengarde and Joan’s position was not strong. Joan and Alexander never had any children, which left Alexander without an heir, a major issue for any king. An annulment of the marriage was risky as it could provoke a war with England.
Unofficial Royalty: Joan of England, Queen of Scots

July 22, 1478 – Birth of Philip of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, husband of Juana I, Queen of Castile and León, in Bruges, Duchy of Burgundy, now in Belgium
Philip was the son of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor and Mary, Duchess of Burgundy in her own right. When his mother died, he inherited the Burgundian Netherlands.  He married Juana, the second daughter of Queen Isabella I of Castile and León and King Ferdinand II of Aragon, and their eventual successor.  The year before his death, he co-reigned with his wife as Philip I. 
Unofficial Royalty: Philip of Austria, Duke of Burgundy, King of Castile and León 

July 22, 1535 – Birth of Katarina Stenbock, Queen of Sweden, third wife of King Gustav Vasa I of Sweden, in Torpa, Västergötland, Sweden
Katarina’s mother was the sister of King Gustav I Vasa of Sweden’s second wife Margareta Eriksdotter Leijonhufvud. Therefore, Katarina was the first cousin of the ten children of Gustav Vasa and Margareta Leijonhufvud. Katarina’s parents, part of the Kungafränderna (The King’s Relatives), were given prominent positions and had much influence at court. It is quite probable that Katerina served as a maid of honor to her aunt Margareta Leijonhufvud. When Katerina’s aunt died in 1551, Gustav Vasa decided to marry Katarina despite the king being 56 and Katarina being 17. Gustav Vasa saw this marriage as a way to forgo the costs and the time-consuming negotiations necessary to arrange a marriage with a foreign princess in the complicated political climate in Europe due to the ongoing conflicts caused by the Protestant Reformation. Katarina’s family saw the marriage as a way to preserve the family connection they had made with Gustav Vasa through his previous marriage with Margareta Leijonhufvud. Katarina and Gustav Vasa had no children but Katarina served as a stepmother to her first cousins, the children of Gustav Vasa and her aunt Margareta Leijonhufvud.
Unofficial Royalty: Katerina Stenbock, Queen of Sweden

July 22, 1746 – Death of Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain, Dauphine of France, 1st wife of Louis, Dauphin of France, the son of Louis XV, King of France, at the Palace of Versailles in Versailles, France; buried at the Basilica of Saint-Denis near Paris, France
In 1744, Maria Teresa married Louis, Dauphin of France, the son of Louis XV, King of France. Maria Teresa Rafaela soon became pregnant. On July 19, 1746, she gave birth to a daughter, named Marie-Thérèse by her husband in honor of his adored wife. Maria Teresa Rafaela initially recovered from childbirth but then her condition deteriorated quickly and she died on July 22, 1746, aged 20, at the Palace of Versailles. Maria Teresa’s husband Louis never succeeded to the French throne. He died of tuberculosis on December 20, 1765, at the age of 36.
Unofficial Royalty: Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain, Dauphine of France

July 22, 1751 – Birth of Caroline Matilda of Wales, Queen of Denmark and Norway, daughter of Frederick, Prince of Wales, sister of King George III of the United Kingdom, wife of King Christian VII of Denmark, was born at Leicester House in London, England
Caroline Matilda has a sad history. Soon after her marriage to her first cousin Christian VII, Caroline Matilda discovered he was severely mentally ill. Johann Friedrich Struensee, Christian’s doctor, had some success dealing with the king but he also became the lover of the ill-treated Caroline Matilda, whose marriage was less than satisfactory. When the affair became known, Sturensee was brutally executed and Caroline Matilda’s marriage was dissolved, she lost her title of Queen and was forcibly separated from her children whom she never saw again. She was held in custody for the rest of her life at Celle Castle in the Kingdom of Hanover. Her time in custody proved to be short.  Three years later, Caroline Matilda died of “a putrid fever and sore throat,” probably scarlet fever at the age of 23.
Unofficial Royalty: Caroline Matilda of Wales, Queen of Denmark

July 22, 1832 – Death of Napoléon II (Napoléon François Charles Joseph Bonaparte), son of Napoleon Bonaparte and his second wife Marie Louise of Austria, at Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna, Austria; originally buried in the Kapuzinergruft in Vienna; in 1940 his remains were transferred to Les Invalides in Paris, France where his father is buried
Napoléon I divorced his childless first wife Joséphine de Beauharnais telling her he needed to find another wife who could provide him a son. He married Marie Louise of Austria and they had one son Napoléon François Charles Joseph Bonaparte. After his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, Napoléon I abdicated in favor of his four-year-old son and was exiled to the island of Saint Helena. Napoléon II “reigned” for two weeks, when King Louis XVIII of France, the elder of the two surviving brothers of the beheaded King Louis XVI of France, returned to France to resume the throne he had vacated earlier that year due to Napoléon I’s return from his first exile. Napoléon II and his mother lived in her homeland of Austria. He had been dealing with lung problems from a very early age and eventually developed tuberculosis. He died on July 22, 1832, at Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna, Austria at the age of twenty-one.
Unofficial Royalty: Napoléon François Charles Joseph Bonaparte, Napoleon II

July 22, 1848 – Birth of Adolf Friedrich V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, in Neustrelitz, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, now in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
Full name: Adolf Friedrich August Viktor Ernst Adalbert Gustav Wilhelm Wellington
Adolf Friedrich was the son of Friedrich Wilhelm, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and Princess Augusta of Cambridge. At the time of his birth, he was 14th in line to the British throne, as his mother was a granddaughter of King George III of the United Kingdom. Adolf Friedrich was the highest-ranking person in the British succession who did not hold any British titles.
Unofficial Royalty: Adolf Friedrich V, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

July 22, 1896 – Wedding of Princess Maud of Wales, daughter of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom, and Prince Carl of Denmark, later King Haakon VII of Norway, at the Private Chapel in Buckingham Palace in London, England
Because Maud’s mother was a Danish Princess, Maud visited her Danish relatives often and was familiar with her first cousin Prince Carl of Denmark, who was three years younger than her. There had been family gossip that Maud and Carl might marry, so it was not all that surprising when Carl proposed to Maud during a family reunion at Fredensborg Castle and Maud accepted. In 1905, upon the dissolution of the Union between Sweden and Norway, Carl became King of Norway taking the name Haakon VII. Because of their mutual descent from King Edward VII of the United Kingdom, the Norwegian Royal Family is the most closely related royal family to the British Royal Family.
Unofficial Royalty: Wedding of King Haakon VII of Norway and Princess Maud of Wales

July 22, 1899 – Birth of King Sobhuza II of Swaziland at the Zombodze Royal Residence in Zombodze, Swaziland
King Sobhuza II of Swaziland was the Paramount Chief and King of Swaziland, from 1899 – 1982, for 82 years and 254 days. Because Swaziland was a British protectorate from 1906–1968 and not a sovereign state, he is not on the list of longest-reigning sovereign monarchs. However, he is number one on the list of longest reigning monarchs of dependent or constituent states. Sobhuza was quite influential in the events leading to Swaziland’s independence. He rejected the constitution proposed by the British government, in which he would become a constitutional monarch. Following the elections of 1973, the constitution of Swaziland was suspended by King Sobhuza II who ruled the country by decree until he died in 1982. Despite being an absolute monarch, Sobhuza was able to blend traditional tribal customs with strategies to manage economic and social change for Swaziland, now called Eswatini.
Unofficial Royalty: King Sobhuza II of Swaziland

July 22, 2013 – Birth of Prince George of Wales, son of Prince William, Prince of Wales, at St. Mary’s Hospital in London, England
Full name: George Alexander Louis
Prince George is the eldest of the three children of Prince William, Prince of Wales and the former Catherine Middleton. He is second in line to the British throne, behind his father.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince George of Wales

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Belgian National Day – July 21 – Belgium

by Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2024

The swearing-in of Leopold I, King of the Belgians by Gustave Wappers (1831); Credit – Wikipedia

In August 1830, the southern provinces (modern-day Belgium) of the Netherlands rebelled against Dutch rule. International powers meeting in London agreed to support Belgian independence, even though the Dutch refused to recognize the new country. On April 22, 1831, Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (the uncle of Queen Victoria and her husband Prince Albert) was asked by the Belgian National Congress if he wanted to be King of the Belgians and he accepted.

On July 21, 1831, Leopold swore allegiance to the new Belgian constitution and was invested as the first King of the Belgians on the steps of the Royal Palace in Brussels. Belgian National Day was originally celebrated on September 27, the date in 1830 that the Dutch forces were expelled from Brussels during the Belgian Revolution‘s “September Days”. In 1890, Belgian National Day was changed to July 21, marking the anniversary of the investiture of Leopold I as the first King of the Belgians in 1831.

What happens on Belgian National Day?

Celebrations occur throughout Belgium starting with church services where the Te Deum hymn is sung and people pray for the Belgian monarch. The service ends with the singing of the national anthem, La Brabançonne. Local communities have flea markets, public concerts, and other celebrations, and Belgian flags are displayed in shops and homes.

2023 – The Belgian Royal Family on the steps of the Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula where the Te Deum service was held. Left to Right: Prince Emmanuel, Princess Elisabeth, Queen Mathilde, King Philippe, King Albert, Queen Paola, Prince Gabriel, and Princess Eleonore

The main celebrations occur in Brussels, the capital of Belgium. In the morning, the Belgian royal family along with representatives from Belgium’s political institutions, foreign ambassadors, and representatives of European institutions attend a Te Deum, a religious service of blessing and thanks, at the Cathedral of St. Michael and St. Gudula in Brussels.

The Belgian Royal Family watching the military parade in 2023

Later in the afternoon, the Belgian monarch reviews the Belgian Armed Forces and police who parade on the streets around the perimeter of Brussels Park, in front of the Royal Palace. Military groups from the European Union and Belgium’s NATO allies have also participated.

People eat mussels and Belgian fries while listening to live music in Brussels Park during the Belgian National Day in 2023.

In Brussels Park, the public can enjoy refreshments and view displays by Belgium’s public and emergency services, armed forces, charities, and civic associations.

The flypast making the Belgian tricolor in 2018; Credit – Door Me, Anonymous – Eigen werk, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=71076343

There is a flypast by the Belgian Air Force.

King Philippe made his 2019 National Day Speech in front of a portrait of Leopold I, the first King of the Belgians.

The Belgian monarch makes a televised speech.

Fireworks during the 2023 Belgian National Day

In the evening, there is a concert and a fireworks display.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Works Cited

  • Important Dates. The Belgian Monarchy. (n.d.). https://www.monarchie.be/en/monarchy/events-linked-monarchy
  • Wikimedia Foundation. (2024). Belgian National Day. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_National_Day
  • Wikimedia Foundation. (2024). Fête Nationale Belge. Wikipedia. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%AAte_nationale_belge
  • Wikimedia Foundation. (2024). Nationale Feestdag van België. Wikipedia. https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationale_feestdag_van_Belgi%C3%AB

Royal Birthdays & Anniversaries: July 21 – July 27

© Unofficial Royalty 2024

Below is a select list of birthdays and wedding anniversaries for current monarchies. It does not purport to be a complete list. Please see the Current Monarchies Index in the heading above for more information on current monarchies.

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11th birthday of Prince George of Wales, son of Prince William, Prince of Wales; born at St. Mary’s Hospital in London, England on July 22, 2013
Full name: George Alexander Louis
Unofficial Royalty: Prince George of Wales

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July 21: Today in Royal History

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Maria Christina of Austria, Queen of Spain; Credit – Wikipedia

July 21, 1782 – Death of Karl Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen in Sonneberg, Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen, now in Thuringia, Germany; initially buried at the Castle Church at Elisabethenburg Palace in Meiningen, Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen, now in Thuringia, Germany, his remains were later moved to the Meiningen municipal cemetery in 1977
When he was eight years old, Karl Wilhelm succeeded his father as Duke of Saxe-Meiningen. Because of his age, his mother served as Regent and was instrumental in bringing the duchy back from the brink of financial and economic disaster. Karl Wilhelm married Princess Luise of Stolberg-Gedern but the couple had no children. Karl Wilhelm died at the age of 27 and was succeeded by his brother Georg I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen.
Unofficial Royalty: Karl Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

July 21, 1838 – Death of Sophie of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, Princess Reuss of Gera, first wife of Heinrich XX, 4th Prince Reuss of Greiz
In 1834, Sophie married the future Heinrich XX, 4th Prince Reuss of Greiz. Sophie was Catholic and her husband was Lutheran. There is no information on whether Sophie remained Catholic or converted to Lutheranism. On October 31, 1836, Heinrich XX’s elder brother Heinrich XIX, 3rd Prince Reuss of Greiz died. Because his brother had no son to succeed him, Sophie’s husband became the 4th Prince Reuss of Greiz. Sophie was in ill health for most of her marriage and never had any children. She died on July 21, 1838, at the age of 29. Her husband had the Sophienkreuz (Sophie Cross), also known as the White Cross, built in her memory on a hill overlooking Greiz. The cross has been knocked down several times due to bad weather but has always been rebuilt.
Unofficial Royalty: Sophie of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg, Princess Reuss of Greiz

July 21, 1858 – Birth of Maria Christina of Austria, Queen of Spain, second wife of King Alfonso XII of Spain, at Židlochovice Castle near Brno, Moravia, now in the Czech Republic
Full name: Maria Christina Henriette Desideria Felicitas Raineria
After the death of his first wife, King Alfonso XII of Spain married Maria Christina. On November 25, 1885, three days before his 28th birthday, King Alfonso XII died from tuberculosis, leaving two daughters and Maria Christina pregnant with their third child. It was decided that Maria Christina would rule as regent until the child was born. If the child were a male, he would become king. If the child were a female, Alfonso and Maria Christina’s elder daughter María Mercedes would become queen. On May 17, 1886, a son was born who immediately became King Alfonso XIII. Maria Christina continued as regent until Alfonso XIII reached the age of 16 and took control of the monarchy in 1902.
Unofficial Royalty: Maria Christina of Austria, Queen of Spain

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July 20: Today in Royal History

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Wilhelm, German Crown Prince and Crown Prince of Prussia; Credit – Wikipedia

July 20, 1346 – Birth of Margaret of Windsor, Countess of Pembroke, daughter of King Edward III of England, at Windsor Castle in Windsor, England
In 1359, 11-year-old Margaret married 12-year-old John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke. After their marriage, Margaret and her husband John remained at the royal court. Sadly, 15-year-old Margaret, Countess of Pembroke died unexpectedly, sometime after October 1, 1361, the last date there is a record that she was living. John Hastings, 2nd Earl of Pembroke was in royal service for the rest of his short life, mostly as a military commander. He died in 1375 at the age of 27.
Unofficial Royalty: Margaret of Windsor, Countess of Pembroke

July 20, 1524 – Death of Claude of France, Duchess of Brittany, Queen of France, first wife of King François I of France and eldest daughter of King Louis XII of France and his second wife Anne, Duchess of Brittany in her own right at the Chateau de Blois in Blois, France; buried at Basilica of St. Denis near Paris, France
Because her parents had no sons, Claude was the heir to her mother’s Duchy of Brittany and she succeeded her mother upon her death. François, Count of Angoulême (the future King François I of France) became the heir presumptive to the French throne and remained the heir throughout Louis XII’s reign due to his lack of sons.  In 1514, François and Claude were married and in 1515, Claude’s father Louis XII died and her husband succeeded as King François I of France. Queen Claude, Duchess of Brittany died at the age of 24. It is suspected that Claude had tuberculosis and contracted syphilis from her husband and certainly seven pregnancies in eight years weakened her health.
Unofficial Royalty: Claude of France, Duchess of Brittany, Queen of France

July 20, 1649 – Birth of William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland, favorite of King William III of England, born Hans Willem Bentinck in Diepenheim, Overijssel, Dutch Republic, now in the Netherlands
Bentinck and his first wife Anne Villiers are ancestors of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom through her mother’s family, specifically through her maternal grandmother Cecilia Cavendish-Bentinck. In 1664, fifteen-year-old Bentinck came to the court of fourteen-year-old Willem III, Prince of Orange, the future King William III of England, as a page. In 1672, Bentinck became Willem III’s chamberlain. Bentinck was an important advisor to Willem III and also had a military career. Bentinck played a key role in the planning and execution of the Glorious Revolution of 1688, which resulted in the deposing of Willem’s uncle and father-in-law King James II of England, and Willem and his wife and first cousin becoming King William III and Queen Mary II of England. Bentinck went to England with William and Mary and was generously rewarded for his service with titles and estates. He remained William III’s closest advisor until William III’s death.  When William III’s wife Mary II died from smallpox, it was Bentinck who carried the nearly insensible William from the room. When William III was on his deathbed, he beckoned Bentinck to his bedside. Bentinck bent down and put his ear to William’s mouth but could only distinguish a few words of William’s incoherent speech. William then took Bentinck’s hand and placed it against his heart. Then William’s head fell back, he closed his eyes, took two or three breaths, and died.
Unofficial Royalty: William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland, favorite of King William III of England

July 20, 1835 – Birth of Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein, wife of Friedrich VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, in Langenburg, Principality of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Full name: Adelheid Victoria Amalie Louise Maria Konstanze
Adelheid’s mother was Princess Feodora of Leiningen, the elder half-sister of Queen Victoria, and therefore Adelheid was Queen Victoria’s niece. In 1856, Adelheid married the future Friedrich VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein. They had seven children including Princess Auguste Viktoria who married Wilhelm II, German Emperor and King of Prussia.
Unofficial Royalty: Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein

 July 20, 1859 – Birth of  Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe, first husband of Princess Viktoria of Prussia, daughter of Friedrich II, German Emperor, King of Prussia and granddaughter of Queen Victoria, at Schloss Bückeburg in Bückeburg, Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe, now in Lower Saxony, Germany
Full name: Adolf Wilhelm Viktor
In 1890, Prince Adolf married Princess Viktoria of Prussia, known as Moretta, daughter of Friedrich III, German Emperor and Victoria, Princess Royal. After an extended honeymoon in Egypt and Greece, the couple lived in the Palais Schaumburg in Bonn. Moretta had a miscarriage early in the marriage and the couple remained childless. Following the death of Woldemar, Prince of Lippe in 1895, Prince Adolf became the Regent for Woldemar’s successor and brother Alexander who was mentally incapacitated. Adolf served as Regent until 1897 when Count Ernst of Lippe-Biesterfeld replaced him.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Adolf of Schaumburg-Lippe

July 20, 1927 – Death of King Ferdinand I of Romania at Pelisor Castle in Sinaia, Romania; buried at the Cathedral of Curtea de Arges in Romania
Ferdinand’s uncle King Carol I of Romania had no sons to inherit the throne, and so the succession passed to his younger brother Leopold, Ferdinand’s father. When Leopold renounced and his eldest son their rights, Ferdinand became heir-presumptive to the Romanian throne and succeeded to the throne in 1914.  Ferdinand married Princess Marie of Edinburgh, daughter of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh (and later Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia and a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. The couple officially had six children, however, the two youngest children are believed to have been fathered by Marie’s lover but were formally acknowledged by Ferdinand as his own.
Unofficial Royalty: King Ferdinand I of Romania

July 20, 1933 – Death of Elisabeth of Anhalt, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz in Neustrelitz in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany; buried in the New Crypt at the Johanniterkirche in Mirow in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
Elisabeth married the future Grand Duke Adolf Friedrich V of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Elisabeth used her public profile to bring attention to the causes near her heart, including nature and flowers. Following her husband’s death in 1914, she remained the first lady of Mecklenburg-Strelitz during the reign of her unmarried son and became very active with the Red Cross during World War I. Remaining active right up until her death, Elisabeth hosted visits from her daughters and grandchildren and stayed in close contact with relatives throughout Europe.
Unofficial Royalty: Elisabeth of Anhalt, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

July 20, 1951 – Death of Johanna Loisinger, Countess of Hartenau, wife of Prince Alexander of Battenberg, former Prince of Bulgaria, in Vienna, Austria; buried at St. Leonhard Cemetery in Graz, Austria
Johanna was an opera singer, virtuoso pianist, and actress. She sang soprano operatic roles in Prague and Opava (now in the Czech Republic), in Linz, Austria, and at the court theater in Darmstadt in the Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine (now in Hesse, Germany). Johanna was one of the best-known singers of Mozart’s music of her time. She married the former reigning Prince of Bulgaria, born Prince Alexander of Battenberg, (known as Sandro), and had two children. After her husband’s death, Johanna received a pension from Bulgaria, and she and her young children moved to Vienna. Johanna was active in Viennese musical life and was involved in building the Academy Mozarteum in Mozart’s birthplace, Salzburg, Austria. She served as president of the Vienna Mozart Society, the Vienna Concert Association, and the Vienna Symphony Orchestra.
Unofficial Royalty: Johanna Loisinger, Countess of Hartenau

July 20, 1951 – Assassination of King Abdullah I of Jordan at Al Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem; buried at Royal Cemetery in Amman, Jordan
On July 16, 1951, the former Prime Minister of Lebanon, Riad Bey Al Solh, was assassinated in Amman, Jordan. Four days later, King Abdullah, accompanied by his grandson, the future King Hussein I of Jordan, traveled to Jerusalem to attend Al Solh’s funeral at the Al-Aqsa Mosque. While waiting for Friday prayers to begin, King Abdullah I was approached by a Palestinian activist, Mustafa Shukri Ashu, who fired three shots, hitting the king in the chest and head and killing him instantly. The future King Hussein was also caught in the gunfire, miraculously escaping harm when a bullet ricocheted off a medal he was wearing at his grandfather’s insistence.
Unofficial Royalty: Assassination of Abdullah I, King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
Unofficial Royalty: King  Abdullah I of Jordan

July 20, 1951 – Death of Wilhelm, the last German Crown Prince and Crown Prince of Prussia, son of Wilhelm II, the last German Emperor and King of Prussia, in Hechingen, Germany; buried at Hohenzollern Castle in Bisingen, Zollernalbkreis, Germany
Wilhelm was the last Crown Prince of Germany. After World War I, he went into exile in the Netherlands. Wilhelm and his wife Cecilie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin returned to Germany five years later after promising to remain out of politics. The family was able to retain much of its wealth and even some former residences, allowing them to live a comfortable life in Germany. By this time Wilhelm and Cecilie had separated but maintained friendly relations and reunited during family events. Wilhelm did not entirely remain out of politics despite his promise, as he met with and supported Adolf Hitler in his early days of power. He did not support Hitler’s activities after 1934 and lived a quiet life. Wilhelm became head of the House of Hohenzollern in 1941, upon the death of his father. After Cecilienhof, the family home in Potsdam, Germany, was seized by the Soviets following World War II, Wilhelm moved to a small house in Hechingen, Germany.
Unofficial Royalty: Wilhelm, German Crown Prince , Crown Prince of Prussia

July 20, 1964 – Death of Anna Alexandrovna Vyrubova, lady-in-waiting and favorite of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, wife of Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia, in Helsinki, Finland; buried in the Russian Orthodox section of the Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki, Finland
Anna was a lady-in-waiting and a great friend of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, wife of Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia. After the arrest of the Imperial Family, Anna was also arrested and was imprisoned for five months in the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg on suspicion of espionage and treason and underwent numerous interrogations. Anna lived in obscurity in St. Petersburg, then called Petrograd and later Leningrad where she was re-imprisoned several times. She became friendly with the writer Maxim Gorky who encouraged her to write her memoirs. In 1920, Anna and her mother escaped to Finland, where she spent the rest of her life. Anna did write her memoirs as Maxim Gorky had suggested, Memoirs of the Russian Court, published in 1923 and still available. After World War II, Anna took vows as a Russian Orthodox nun but was permitted to live in her home because of her physical disabilities. In memory of her beloved friend Empress Alexandra, Anna wore the ribbon of a maid of honor until her death.
Unofficial Royalty: Anna Alexandrovna Vyrubova, lady-in-waiting and favorite of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia

July 20, 1973 – Birth of Crown Prince Haakon of Norway at Rikshospitalet in Oslo, Norway
Full name: Haakon Magnus
Haakon is the second of the two children and the only son and heir apparent of King Harald V of Norway. In 2001, he married Mette-Marit Tjessem Høiby and the couple had two children. The Crown Prince undertakes many official duties, both within Norway and around the world.
Unofficial Royalty: Crown Prince Haakon of Norway

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond, 1st Duke of Lennox, 1st Duke of Aubigny, Illegitimate Son of King Charles II of England

by Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2024

Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond, 1st Duke of Lennox, 1st Duke of Aubigny; Credit – Wikipedia

Despite fathering many illegitimate children with his mistresses, King Charles II of England had no children with his wife Catherine of Braganza. Charles II is an ancestor through his mistresses of many British aristocrats and of several women who married into the British Royal Family. Lucy Walter and Charles II are ancestors of Sarah, Duchess of York and Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester. Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland and Charles II are ancestors of Diana, Princess of Wales and Sarah, Duchess of York. Louise Renée de Penancoet de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth and Charles II are ancestors of Diana, Princess of Wales, Queen Camilla, and Sarah, Duchess of York.

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An ancestor of Diana, Princess of Wales and Queen Camilla of the United Kingdom, Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond, 1st Duke of Lennox, 1st Duke of Aubigny was born in London, England on July 29, 1672, the illegitimate son of King Charles II of England and the only child of one of his mistresses, Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth in her own right. Louise was born in France and came from a noble family of Brittany but the income of Louise’s family was not commensurate with their rank and they lived modestly. Louise’s marriage prospects were dim as the relative poverty of her parents did not allow for a dowry. Instead, in 1669, her parents arranged for her to be placed in the household of Henriette-Anne, Duchess of Orléans, daughter of King Charles I of England, at the Palace of Versailles. Henriette-Anne’s husband was her first cousin Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, the only sibling of King Louis XIV of France, and her brother was King Charles II of England.

Charles’ mother Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth; Credit – Wikipedia

In January 1670, Louise accompanied Henriette-Anne on a diplomatic mission to King Charles II at Dover Castle in England. King Louis XIV hoped Louise would catch the eye of his first cousin King Charles II and then there would be a French mistress at the English court. When the diplomatic mission was completed, Henriette-Anne offered her brother his choice of jewelry from her jewelry box which Louise handed to her. Placing his hand on Louise’s hand, King Charles II is reputed to have said: “This is the only jewel I want!” After Henriette-Anne’s sudden death in June 1670, Louise was left without a position. King Charles II appointed her as a lady-in-waiting to his wife Catherine of Braganza. Louise was housed in an apartment at Whitehall Palace in London and King Charles II came to her every evening.

Charles’ father King Charles II of England; Credit – Wikipedia

Once Louise had given King Charles II a son, she set out to reap rewards. On August 9, 1675, King Charles II granted Louise the titles Duchess of Portsmouth, Countess of Fareham, and Baroness Petersfield in her own right. On the same day, King Charles II’s illegitimate son by Louise, who had been given the surname Lennox, was created Duke of Richmond, Earl of March, and Baron Settrington in the Peerage of England, and on September 9, 1675, he was created Duke of Lennox, Earl of Darnley, and Baron Methuen of Torbolten in the Peerage of Scotland. In addition, Louise received an annual pension and a suite of twenty-four rooms in Whitehall Palace, richer and grander than Queen Catherine’s chambers. More rewards came later. Louise’s son was invested as a Knight of the Garter in 1681. Louise de Kerouaille managed to hold on to the title of official mistress until the end of King Charles II’s life. On February 2, 1685, King Charles II died from an apparent stroke, although modern analysis of his symptoms seems to indicate he may have died from uremia, a symptom of kidney failure.

Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth and her son Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond; Credit – The Peerage

After King Charles II died, Charles and his mother Louise went to France. King Louis XIV gave Charles the French title Duke of Aubigny. Charles, originally christened in the Church of England, converted to Roman Catholicism in 1685. Unsatisfied with his position at the French court and sure his position at the English court would be higher and that he would receive more revenue, 20-year-old Charles returned to England in 1692, during the reign of his first cousins, who reigned jointly as King William III and Queen Mary II. Charles renounced the Roman Catholic religion at a ceremony at Lambeth Palace in London and rejoined the Church of England. Despite renouncing the Catholic, Charles was suspected by the Protestant  King William III of being one of the Jacobites, whose goal was to restore the Roman Catholic Stuart King James II of England/VII of Scotland and his Roman Catholic heirs to the thrones of England and Scotland. However, by loyally serving King William III as his Aide-de-Camp, Charles convinced him he was a true member of the Church of England. Charles served as Master of the Horse from 1681 – 1685, during his father’s reign, and Lord High Admiral of Scotland from 1701 – 1705, during the reign of first cousin King William III. He served as Lord of the Bedchamber to King George I from George I’s accession to the throne in 1714 until Charles died in 1723.

Charles’ wife born Anne Brudenell; Credit – Creative Commons

On January 8, 1692, Charles married Anne Brudenell, the daughter of Francis Brudenell, Lord Brudenell, the eldest son and heir apparent of Robert Brudenell, 2nd Earl of Cardigan. Charles and Anne had one son and two daughters. Queen Camilla of the United Kingdom and Diana, Princess of Wales are descended from their daughter Anne. Diana, Princess of Wales is also descended from their son of Charles.

Goodwood House; Credit – By Ian Stannard from Southsea, England – Goodwood HouseUploaded by snowmanradio, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=18760254

Charles’ wife Anne died on December 9, 1722, aged 51, and was interred in the Brudenell family vault at St. Peter’s Church in Deene, Northamptonshire, England. Charles survived his wife by nearly six months, dying on May 27, 1723, at his home Goodwood House. Goodwood House,  now in Westhampnett, Chichester, West Sussex, England, built in about 1600 and acquired by Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond in 1697, is the seat of the Dukes of Richmond.

The Lady Chapel at Chichester Cathedral; Credit – By yellow book – Flickr: Lady chapel, Chichester Cathedral CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=15091921

Charles was first buried in the Henry VII Chapel at Westminster Abbey in London, England. In 1750, he was reinterred in the Lady Chapel at Chichester Cathedral in Chichester, West Sussex, England. Due to neglect during the Reformation, the Lady Chapel was granted to Charles Lennox, 3rd Duke of Richmond as a family mausoleum.

Château de la Verrerie, the French home of Charles’ mother; Credit – By Dmitry Gurtovoy – Archive.org, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4846299

Charles predeceased his mother Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth. When she died in 1734, her estate and French title were inherited by her grandson Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond, 2nd Duke of Lennox. Château de la Verrerie, Louise’s French home, was kept by her descendants for over one hundred years. In 1842, Château de la Verrerie was sold by Charles Gordon-Lennox, 5th Duke of Richmond, 5th Duke of Lennox, 5th Duke of Aubigny. Much of Louise’s collection of paintings and furniture are now at Goodwood House in Chichester, West Sussex, England, the seat of the Duke of Richmond and Lennox.

In 1683, the English colony of New York was divided into ten counties. Staten Island, now one of the five boroughs of New York City, and several minor neighboring islands, were designated as Richmond County, named after Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond. Still today, Staten Island is Richmond County, one of the counties of New York State.

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Works Cited

  • Beauclerk-Dewar, Peter & Powell, Roger. (2006). Right Royal Bastards – The Fruits of Passion. Burke’s Peerage & Gentry LLC.
  • Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond. (2024). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Lennox,_1st_Duke_of_Richmond
  • Chichester Cathedral: West Sussex. Chichester Cathedral. (n.d.). https://www.chichestercathedral.org.uk/
  • Flantzer, Susan. (2020). Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/louise-de-kerouaille-duchess-of-portsmouth-mistress-of-king-charles-ii-of-england/
  • Flantzer, Susan. (2016). King Charles II of England. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/king-charles-ii-of-england/
  • Fraser, Antonia. (2002). King Charles II. Phoenix.
  • Weir, Alison. (2008). Britain’s Royal Families – The Complete Genealogy. Vintage Books.

July 19: Today in Royal History

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Philippa of Lancaster, Queen of Portugal; Credit – Wikipedia

July 19, 1415 – Death of Philippa of Lancaster, Queen of Portugal, daughter of John of Gaunt, granddaughter of King Edward III of England, wife of King João I of Portugal, in Sacavem, Portugal; buried at Batalha Monastery in Leiria, Portugal
Philippa married King Joáo I of Portugal in the Cathedral of the Assumption of Our Lady in Porto, Portugal on February 2, 1387, sealing the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, a treaty that is still in effect. She is known as the mother of the “Illustrious Generation” of infantes (princes) and infantas (princesses). Philippa died at the age of 55 of the plague.
Unofficial Royalty: Philippa of Lancaster, Queen of Portugal

July 19, 1543 – Death of Mary Boleyn, mistress of King Henry VIII of England, probably buried at St. Peter Churchyard in Hever, Kent, England
After Mary Boleyn was sent back from France where she had been one of Mary Tudor’s English ladies during her short marriage to King Louis XII of France, her father arranged for her to be a maid-of-honor to Catherine of Aragon, King Henry VIII’s first wife. She married Sir William Carey who served King Henry VIII as a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber. At some point, perhaps even before her marriage, Mary became Henry VIII’s mistress, supplanting Elizabeth Blount, but the starting date and length of the relationship are unknown. Wiliam Carey profited from his wife’s affair as he was granted manors and estates by King Henry VIII. Two children were born during the marriage of Mary and William. Because of Mary’s affair with King Henry VIII, it has been suggested that one or both of the children may have been Henry VIII’s biological children.  Although there is no proof, this claim has been a continued subject of debate. On June 22, 1528, at the age of 28, William Carey died of the sweating sickness. By the time of William’s death, Mary’s sister Anne had already caught the attention of King Henry VIII.
Unofficial Royalty: Mary Boleyn, mistress of King Henry VIII of England

July 19, 1578 –  Birth of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor at the Schlossberg in Graz, Duchy of Styria, Archduchy of Austria, now in Austria
In addition to being Holy Roman Emperor (reigned 1619 – 1637), Ferdinand was also Archduke of Inner Austria (reigned 1590 – 1637), King of Bohemia (1st reign 1617 – 1619, 2nd reign 1620 – 1637), and King of Hungary and Croatia (reigned 1618 – 1637). In 1600, he married his 26-year-old first cousin Maria Anna of Bavaria. They had seven children but only four survived childhood. After Maria Anna’s death, Ferdinand married his first cousin once removed Eleonora Gonzaga of Mantua but their marriage was childless. The Thirty Years’ War (1618 – 1648) began in 1618 as a result of the inadequacies of Ferdinand II’s predecessors Rudolf II and Matthias. The war was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, with an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians dying as a result of battle, famine, and disease. On February 15, 1637, at the age of fifty-eight, Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor died in Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, now Austria.
Unofficial Royalty: Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, Archduke of Inner Austria, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary and Croatia

July 19, 1770 – Birth of Lucia Migliaccio, Duchess of Florida, the morganatic second wife of Ferdinando I, King of the Two Sicilies, in Syracuse, Kingdom of Sicily, now in Italy
Lucia was the daughter of Vincenzo Migliaccio, 8th Duke of Floridia, a Sicilian nobleman, and Dorotea Borgia dei Marchesi del Casale who was from a Spanish noble family. In 1791, Lucia married Benedetto Grifeo, Prince of Partanna, and the couple had seven children. Lucia’s husband died in 1812. In 1814, Maria Carolina, the wife of King Ferdinando I of the Two Sicilies died. Wanting to remarry, the 63-year-old Ferdinando turned his attention to the 44-year-old Lucia, whom he had met frequently at court. Because Lucia was not royal, the marriage caused a considerable scandal. Lucia did not receive the title of queen and any children from the marriage would not be in the line of succession. However, the marriage remained childless. Ferdinando died from a stroke in 1825, and Lucia survived her husband by a little more than a year, dying on April 26, 1826, aged 55.
Unofficial Royalty: Lucia Migliaccio, Duchess of Florida

July 19, 1810 – Death of Luise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Prussia, wife of King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia, at Schloss Hohenzieritz in Hohenzieritz, Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, now in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany; buried in the garden at Charlottenburg Palace in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia, now in Brandenburg, Germany, where a mausoleum was built over her grave
Luise married the future King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia. Luise was wildly popular in Prussia from the start, and descriptions of her from this time speak of her grace, goodness, and beauty. The marriage was happy and the couple raised their nine children quietly at Paretz Palace west of Berlin. Friedrich Wilhelm became King of Prussia in 1797. As queen, Luise traveled around Prussia with her husband, becoming more well-known and well-liked. On July 19, 1810, while visiting her father, 34-year-old Luise died in her husband’s arms from an unidentified illness. Her grieving husband later instituted the Order of Louise in her name and her family mourned her death each year on July 19.
Unofficial Royalty: Luise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Prussia

July 19, 1822 – Birth of Augusta of Cambridge, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz,  wife of Friedrich Wilhelm, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, at the Palace of Montbrillant in Hanover, Kingdom of Hanover, now in Lower Saxony, Germany
Full name: Augusta Caroline Charlotte Elizabeth Mary Sophia Louisa
Augusta was a granddaughter of King George III of the United Kingdom, first cousin of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, and aunt of Queen Mary, wife of King George V of the United Kingdom.  Even though Augusta lived in the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz after her marriage, she and her husband visited London frequently, staying with the Duchess of Cambridge at Kensington Palace. Augusta retained close ties with the British Royal Family. Before the coronation of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom and his wife Queen Alexandra in 1902, Augusta was consulted on matters of ceremony and attire as she was almost the only person alive who could remember the coronation of King William IV and Queen Adelaide.  Her recollection of Queen Victoria’s coronation also proved invaluable.
Unofficial Royalty: Augusta of Cambridge, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

July 19, 1884 – Birth of Prince Charles Edward, Duke of Albany, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, grandson of Queen Victoria, at Claremont House in Esher, Surrey, England
Full name: Charles Edward George Albert Leopold
Charles Edward’s father Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany died three months before he was born. Prince Leopold, who inherited hemophilia from his mother Queen Victoria, died at age 30 from a fall that caused a cerebral hemorrhage. Charles Edward inherited his father’s title Duke of Albany at birth. In 1900, he became Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha upon the death of his uncle Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Edinburg. In 1905, Charles Edward married Princess Viktoria Adelheid of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. The couple had five children including Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha who married Prince Gustav Adolf of Sweden, Duke of Västerbotten, and is the mother of  Carl XVI Gustaf, the current King of Sweden. At the end of World War I, Charles Edward was deposed and signed a declaration relinquishing his rights to the throne. In 1933, he joined the Nazi Party. After the end of World War II, Charles Edward was placed under house arrest because of his Nazi sympathies. In 1949, a denazification appeals court classified Charles Edward as a Nazi Follower, Category IV. He was heavily fined, several properties were seized, and he was almost bankrupted. Some of the Saxe-Coburg and Gotha properties that were now in East Germany were seized. Charles Edward spent the last years of his life in seclusion. He died of cancer on March 6, 1954, at the age of 69 in his apartment on Elsässer Straße (Street) in Coburg, Bavaria, Germany.
Unofficial Royalty: Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

July 19, 1890 – Birth of King George II of Greece at Tatoi Palace near Athens, Greece
George II was the eldest son of King Constantine I of Greece and Princess Sophie of Prussia. Due to unrest in Greece, George was King of Greece twice (1st reign 1922 – 1924, monarchy abolished; 2nd reign 1935 – 1947)  and forced into exile three times. Also unlucky in marriage, he married his second cousin, Princess Elisabeta of Romania. Their marriage was childless and ended in divorce. His health declining, George was found unconscious in his office at the Royal Palace in Athens, Greece on April 1, 1947. Several hours later, it was announced that he had died of arteriosclerosis.
Unofficial Royalty: King George II of Greece

July 19, 1940 – Birth of  Princess Hitachi of Japan, wife of Prince Hitachi of Japan, born Hanako Tsugaro at her family home in Tokyo, Japan
The wife of Prince Hitachi of Japan, son of Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito), Princess Hitachi is the youngest of the four daughters of Count Yoshitaka Tsugaru and Hisako Mōri. Both her parents were descendants of the Japanese nobility. Prince and Princess Hitachi had no children.  Because her husband was the son and then the brother of The Emperor, Prince and Princess Hitachi were expected to represent Japan internationally and participate in charitable works. As the Prince and Princess got older, these responsibilities lessened.
Unofficial Royalty: Hanako, Princess Hitachi

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July 18: Today in Royal History

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Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna of Russia; Credit – Wikipedia

July 18, 1501 – Birth of Isabella of Austria, Queen of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, wife of King Christian II of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, in Brussels, Duchy of Burgundy, now in Belgium
The daughter of Philip, Duke of Burgundy and Juana I, Queen of Castile and Aragon, Isabella was born an Archduchess of Austria and an Infanta of Castile and Aragon. Isabella’s brother was the powerful Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor who was also King of Spain. Catherine of Aragon, the first wife of King Henry VIII of England, was her maternal aunt, and Catherine and Henry VIII’s only surviving child, Queen Mary I of England was her first cousin. In 1514, Isabella married Christian II, King of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden who was deposed in 1523 causing them to the rest of their lives in exile. Even with family support, they had a difficult time, with many worries, and a lack of money. In late 1525, Isabella became seriously ill and died on January 19, 1526, at the age of 24.
Unofficial Royalty: Isabella of Austria, Queen of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden

July 18, 1552 – Birth of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary and Croatia, Archduke of Austria, Margrave of Moravia, in Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, now in Austria
Rudolf never married. In 1568, as part of the Habsburg marriage policy, sixteen-year-old Rudolf had been betrothed to his first cousin, two-year-old Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain, the daughter of Rudolf’s maternal uncle King Felipe II of Spain. Isabella Clara Eugenia had to wait more than twenty years before Rudolf declared that he had no intention of marrying anybody. In 1572, Rudolf’s father Maximilian II passed the crown of Hungary to his son, and in 1575, Rudolf was also granted the crown of Bohemia and the Habsburg hereditary territories. Rudolf was elected King of the Romans in 1575, ensuring that he would succeed his father as Holy Roman Emperor. Rudolf is considered an ineffective ruler whose mistakes directly led to the Thirty Years’ War (1618 – 1648), one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history.
Unofficial Royalty: Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary and Croatia, Archduke of Austria, Margrave of Moravia, in Vienna, Archduchy of Austria, now in Austria

July 18, 1712 – Birth of Karl Friedrich, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen in Meiningen, Duchy of Meiningen, now in Thuringia, Germany
Karl Friedrich’s father died in November 1724, making his elder brother, Ernst Ludwig II, the reigning Duke. As both brothers were underage, their two uncles, Friedrich Wilhelm and Anton Ulrich, oversaw the running of the duchy. Ernst Ludwig II died in 1729, and Karl Friedrich became the reigning Duke. Despite his uncles’ guardianship ending in 1733 when Karl Friedrich reached his majority, he continued to leave the daily running of the duchy to his uncles and his court officials. In poor health, he was unable to walk had to be carried and driven everywhere, and had little interest in anything requiring responsibility.
Unofficial Royalty: Karl Friedrich, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

July 18, 1793 – Birth of Marie Caroline Gibert de Lametz, Princess of Monaco, wife of Florestan I, Prince of Monaco, in Coulommiers, France
Full name: Marie-Louise Charlotte Gabrielle
Prince Florestan of Monaco attended his half-sister’s wedding celebrations and met Maria Caroline Gibert de Lametz, the half-sister of the groom. Because Florestan’s family did not approve of the marriage, the wedding was quiet and modest. Florestan and Maria Caroline had two children including Charles III, Prince of Monaco. Florestan succeeded his brother Honoré V, who had never married. During Florestan’s reign, the real power lay in the hands of his wife Maria Caroline. She took over the finances of Monaco and ruled Monaco with an iron fist because her indecisive and politically disinclined husband left all affairs of state to her. When Marie Caroline’s son Charles III succeeded his father, she continued to have a role in governing as she was alive for twenty-three years of his thirty-three-year-long reign. The idea of opening a gambling casino in Monaco and developing Monaco into a seaside resort was Maria Caroline’s idea. The Casino de Monte-Carlo, named after Charles III as Carlo is the Italian for Charles (Monte-Carlo = Mount Charles in English), opened in 1865 and saved Monaco from bankruptcy. Fearing that the citizens of Monaco would squander their money on gambling, Maria Carolina had the idea to ban all citizens of Monaco from gambling at the casino. That rule is still in effect.
Unofficial Royalty: Marie Caroline Gibert de Lametz, Princess of Monaco

July 18, 1918 – Execution of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna of Russia, daughter of Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine and Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, and a granddaughter of Queen Victoria, and five other Romanovs in Alapaevsk, Russia; her remains were reburied at the Church of Mary Magdalene in Jerusalem
The day after the execution of Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia and his family, Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna (age 53) and five other Romanovs, Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich (age 59), Prince Ioann Konstantinovich (age 32), Prince Konstantin Konstantinovich (age 28), Prince Igor Konstantinovich (age 24), and Prince Vladimir Pavlovich Paley (age 21) along with Varvara Alexeievna Yakovleva, a nun from Elizabeth’s convent, and Feodor Semyonovich Remez, Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich’s secretary, were executed by the Bolsheviks. They were thrown down an abandoned mine shaft that was partially filled with water and then grenades were thrown down the mine shaft.
Unofficial Royalty: Execution of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna of Russia and five other Romanovs

July 18, 1920 – Death of Prince Joachim of Prussia, son of Wilhelm II, German Emperor and King of Prussia, at Villa Leignitz in Sanssouci Park in Potsdam, Germany; first buried in the Friedenskirche in Sanssouci Park in Potsdam before being moved to the nearby Antique Temple in 1931
After World War I and the fall of all the German monarchies, Prince Joachim struggled to accept his status as a commoner and became greatly depressed. On the evening of July 18, 1920, he shot himself with a revolver at Villa Leignitz in Sanssouci Park in Potsdam, Germany. He was found by his elder brother August Wilhelm and taken to the Saint Joseph Hospital in Potsdam, where he died the following day.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Joachim of Prussia

July 18, 1938 – Death of Marie of Edinburgh, Queen of Romania, wife of King Ferdinand I of Romania, granddaughter of Queen Victoria, at Peles Castle, Sinaia in Romania, buried at the Monastery of Curtea de Arges, Romania
Marie was the daughter of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh and Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia. Just after the beginning of World War I, her husband’s uncle King Carol I of Romania died and Ferdinand ascended the Romanian throne. Drawn quickly into the war, Queen Marie threw herself into her charitable work, rallying support for the war effort, and serving tirelessly as a nurse. In 1919, after World War I, she represented Romania at the Paris Peace Conference, replacing the Romanian delegation that had left due to extreme conflict with the French prime minister. Marie is often credited with smoothing the situation and helping to bring about Romania’s huge gains at the end of the conference.
Unofficial Royalty: Marie of Edinburgh, Queen of Romania

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July 17: Today in Royal History

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On floor: Tsarevich Alexei; Seated: Grand Duchess Maria, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, Emperor Nicholas II, Grand Duchess Anastasia; Standing: Grand Duchess Olga, Grand Duchess Tatiana; Credit – Wikipedia

July 17, 924 – Death of Edward the Elder, King of the Anglo-Saxons, son of Alfred the Great, King of Wessex, King of the Anglo-Saxons, at the royal estate of Farndon-on-Dee in Mercia now in Chesire, England; buried in the New Minster in Winchester, England, later moved to Hyde Abbey Church which was destroyed in 1539 during the Dissolution of the Monasteries in the reign of King Henry VIII
According to Asser, the Welsh monk who was Alfred the Great’s contemporary biographer, Edward was brought up with his youngest sister Ælfthryth. They were educated at court by tutors and read ecclesiastical and secular works in English. Edward was a child throughout the wars his father Alfred the Great fought with the Danes and was more of a soldier than a scholar like his father. By 892, he was commanding part of the Anglo-Saxon army, and upon his father’s death in 899, the Anglo-Saxons were prepared to accept him as their leader. Edward was crowned on June 8, 900 by Plegmund, Archbishop of Canterbury at Kingston-upon-Thames, where the ancient coronation stone can still be seen.
Unofficial Royalty: Edward the Elder, King of the Anglo-Saxons

July 17, 1645 – Death of Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset, favorite of King James I of England; buried at St. Paul’s Churchyard in London, England
In 1607, probably thanks to the influence of Thomas Overton, Robert participated in a tournament attended by King James I and attracted the king’s attention by breaking his leg. King James I immediately took a liking to nineteen-year-old Robert, got him some medical treatment and decided to improve his education. Robert did not have great intellectual gifts, however, he was good-looking, had a good temperament, and had good character and this must have been enough for King James who knighted him and kept him under his wing. Robert Carr is best known for being implicated with others in the murder of his friend Thomas Overbury. Read about it in the link below.
Unofficial Royalty: Robert Carr, 1st Earl of Somerset, favorite of King James I of England

July 17, 1762 – Assassination of Peter III, Emperor of All Russia at Ropsha, Russia; first buried without honors in the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in St. Petersburg, Russia; reburied by his son Paul, Emperor of All Russia at Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg, Russia; Peter’s wife succeeds him as Catherine II (the Great), Empress of All Russia
Peter III, Emperor of All Russia was born Karl Peter Ulrich of Holstein-Gottorp. His father was Karl Friedrich, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp. His mother was Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna of Russia, daughter of Peter I (the Great), Emperor of All Russia. Peter III’s life dramatically changed when his unmarried maternal aunt, his mother’s younger sister, Elizabeth, Empress of All Russia, declared him her heir and brought him to St. Petersburg, Russia. He married his second cousin, Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst (later Catherine II the Great). Peter succeeded his aunt in 1762. A conspiracy to overthrow Peter was planned and centered around the five Orlov brothers with Grigory, Catherine’s favorite, and Alexei being the main conspirators. Peter III, Emperor of All Russia died at the age of 34 on July 17, 1762, at Ropsha Palace, a country estate outside of St. Petersburg, Russia. He was probably murdered but the circumstances of his death remain unclear. His wife became the Empress of All Russia and is known as Catherine the Great.
Unofficial Royalty: Assassination of Peter III, Emperor of All Russia
Unofficial Royalty: Peter III, Emperor of All Russia

July 17, 1771 – Death of Count Alexei Grigorievich Razumovsky, lover of Elizabeth, Empress of All Russia, at Anichkov Palace in St. Petersburg, Russia; buried in the Annunciation Church of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg, Russia
Alexei’s singing brought him to the Russian court where he joined the Court Choir. His beautiful singing and good looks earned him the interest of Tsesarevna Elizabeth Petrovna, daughter of Peter I (the Great), Emperor of All Russia, the future Elizabeth, Empress of All Russia  In 1732, Elizabeth made Alexei a member of the choir in her private chapel. Soon, he had a room near her apartments. Alexei had personality qualities that made him a good choice to be Elizabeth’s favorite and lover. He was a simple and decent person and well-liked for his kindness, good nature, and tact. He had no ambition and never interfered in politics. Alexei survived Empress Elizabeth and was one of the people at her bedside when she died in 1762. Shortly after Elizabeth’s death, Alexei submitted his resignation from his various positions and moved from the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg to the nearby Anichkov Palace which Empress Elizabeth had built for Alexei.
Unofficial Royalty: Count Alexei Grigorievich Razumovsky, lover of Elizabeth, Empress of All Russia

July 17, 1859 – Death of Stephanie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Queen of Portugal, wife of King Pedro V of Portugal, in Lisbon, Portugal; buried at the Monastery of São Vicente de Fora in Lisbon, Portugal
After a visit to the town of Vendas Novas, Stephanie fell ill with diphtheria and died at the age of 22. Her husband, King Pedro V, was greatly saddened by his wife’s death and fell into a deep depression. He died of typhoid fever just two years later and was succeeded by his brother, King Luís I.
Unofficial Royalty: Stephanie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Queen of Portugal

July 17, 1917 – House of Windsor established by royal proclamation
By 1917, during World War I, anti-German sentiment had reached a fevered pitch in the United Kingdom. The British Royal Family’s dynastic name had gone from one German name to another, the House of Hanover to the decidedly more Germanic-sounding, House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. Many British people felt that this implied a pro-German bias. King George V’s  Private Secretary Arthur Bigge, 1st Baron Stamfordham came up with the House of Windsor. When Wilhelm II, German Emperor, a grandson of Queen Victoria and a first cousin of King George V, received the news, he smiled, got up from his chair, and said in his perfect English that he was off to the theater to see Shakespeare’s play The Merry Wives of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. A number of King George V’s relatives who had Germanic titles and were British subjects exchanged their old names and titles for new English-sounding ones.
Unofficial Royalty: July 17, 1917: The Birth of the House of Windsor
Unofficial Royalty: House of Windsor Index

July 17, 1918 – Execution by firing squad of Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia and his family along with three of their most loyal servants and the court doctor in Yekaterinburg, Siberia, Russia; buried on July 17, 1998, the 80th anniversary of their deaths, in St. Catherine Chapel at the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg, Russia
The family had been in exile in the Ipatiev House in Yekaterinburg, Siberia, Russia since the previous spring. The residence was also known as The House of Special Purpose, as the Bolsheviks had wanted to eventually bring Nicholas to trial. At the time of the family’s execution, the Bolshevik Red Army controlled Yekaterinburg with the anti-communist White Army gaining strength in the surrounding area. To prevent the family from possible escape into White Army hands, the decision was made to execute them.
Unofficial Royalty: Execution by firing squad of Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia and his family
Unofficial Royalty: Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia
Unofficial Royalty: Alix of Hesse and by Rhine (Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia
Unofficial Royalty: Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia
Unofficial Royalty: Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia
Unofficial Royalty: Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia
Unofficial Royalty: Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia
Unofficial Royalty: Tsesarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia

July 17, 1945 – Birth of Alexander, Crown Prince of Serbia, current pretender to the former Serbian throne, at Suite 212 of Claridge’s Hotel in Brook Street, London, England
Crown Prince Alexander II of Serbia is the son of King Peter II of Yugoslavia and Princess Alexandra of Greece and is the current pretender to the former Serbian throne. He was born in Suite 212 of Claridge’s Hotel in London, England where his parents were living in exile. Under the orders of Prime Minister Winston Churchill, the British government ceded sovereignty of the suite to Yugoslavia for the day so the new Crown Prince could be born on Yugoslav soil.
Unofficial Royalty: Alexander, Crown Prince of Serbia

July 17, 1947 – Birth of Queen Camilla of the United Kingdom, second wife of King Charles III of the United Kingdom, born Camilla Rosemary Shand at King’s College Hospital in London, England
Alice Keppel, Camilla’s great-grandmother, was the mistress of King Edward VII, King Charles III’s great-great-grandfather, from 1898 until King Edward’s death in 1910. Camilla, along with Diana, Princess of Wales and Sarah, Duchess of York, is a descendant of King Charles II of England through one of his illegitimate children, Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond, son of Charles II and his mistress Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth. In addition, Camilla is the great-great-great-granddaughter of Sir Allan MacNab, who was Premier of the Province of Canada before Confederation in 1867.
Unofficial Royalty: Queen Camilla of the United Kingdom

July 17, 1963 – Birth of Letsie III, King of Lesotho at Scott Hospital in Morija, Lesotho
Letsie III is the current King of Lesotho, located in Africa. In 2000, King Letsie married Anna Karabo Mots’oeneng in a Roman Catholic ceremony at the national sports stadium with a crowd of 40,000 people watching. The couple has one son and two daughters.
Unofficial Royalty: Letsie III, King of Lesotho

July 17, 2004 – Death of Susan Cullen-Ward, Crown Princess of Albania, wife of Crown Prince Leka I of Albania, pretender to the Albanian throne, in Tirana, Albania; buried at Sharra Cemetery in Tirana, Albania, in 2012, her remains were moved to the newly rebuilt Royal Mausoleum in Tirana, along with the remains of her husband and his parents
After living in exile, the royal family was invited to return to Albania in June 2002. Arriving with her husband, son, and mother-in-law Queen Geraldine, Susan continued her work for improving conditions for the Albanian people and remained steadfast in her unyielding support for her husband’s efforts. Sadly, just two years later, she died after having been diagnosed with lung cancer.
Unofficial Royalty: Susan Cullen-Ward, Crown Princess of Albania

July 17, 2020 – Wedding of Princess Beatrice of York and Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi in a private ceremony at the Royal Chapel of All Saints, on the grounds of Royal Lodge in Windsor Great Park in Windsor, England
The wedding was scheduled to take place on May 29, 2020, at the Chapel Royal at St James’s Palace in London, England, followed by a private reception in the gardens of Buckingham Palace. However, because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the wedding was postponed.  The wedding was rescheduled and new arrangements were made. In line with British government guidelines for COVID-19, all social distancing measures were followed. After July 4, 2020, weddings with up to 30 attendees were allowed to take place. It is known that there were approximately twenty guests including the bride and groom’s parents and siblings, and the bride’s paternal grandparents Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Prayers were said but in accordance with British government guidelines for COVID-19, no hymns were sung, but a selection of music was played. The National Anthem was played but not sung.
Unofficial Royalty: Wedding of Princess Beatrice and Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi

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Commemoration for Deceased Members of the Belgian Royal Family – On or Around February 17 – Belgium

by Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2024

Church of Our Lady of Laeken in Brussels, Belgium; By Trougnouf (Benoit Brummer) – Own work, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=74138159

On or around February 17 each year, a Mass commemorating deceased members of the Belgian royal family is celebrated at the Church of Our Lady of Laeken in Laeken, Brussels, Belgium.

King Albert I mountain climbing; Credit – Wikipedia

Albert I, King of the Belgians was an avid mountain climber. On February 17, 1934, while climbing alone on the Roche de Vieux Bon Dieu at Marche-les-Dames, in the Ardennes region of Belgium, 58-year-old Albert I fell to his death. A year later, on February 17, 1935, a Mass was celebrated in commemoration of the death of Albert I.

Queen Astrid and King Leopold III; Credit – Wikipedia

In August 1935, Albert I’s son and successor, Leopold III, King of the Belgians (reigned 1934 – 1951, abdicated), his wife Queen Astrid (born a Princess of Sweden), and their three children (the future Baudouin, King of the Belgians, the future Albert II, King of the Belgians, and Princess Joséphine Charlotte of Belgium, who married Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg) were on holiday in Switzerland. On August 29, 1935, having sent the children ahead, Leopold II and Astrid decided to take one last outing before returning to Belgium. On a drive in the mountains near Lake Lucerne, Leopold III was driving and Astrid was beside him. Leopold III was distracted by something Astrid pointed out and lost control of the car. The convertible went off the road and down a steep slope, crashing into a tree. Both were thrown out of the car. Leopold III was not seriously injured, however, 29-year-old Astrid was thrown into another tree and died from her injuries.

Interior of the Church of Our Lady of Laeken; Photo © Susan Flantzer

After the death of Queen Astrid, it was decided to commemorate all deceased members of the Belgian royal family. On or around February 17 each year, Belgian royal family members and extended family attend a Mass at the Church of Our Lady of Laeken in Laeken, Brussels, Belgium, the burial site of the Belgian Royal Family.

Queen Mathilde, Princess Delphine, King Philippe, Princess Claire, former King Albert II, Prince Laurent, and former Queen Paola attend the annual Mass in memory of deceased members of the Belgian Royal Family at the Church of Our Lady of Laeken on February 20, 2024

After the Mass, the family visits the Royal Crypt in the Church of Our Lady of Laeken where past monarchs, consorts, and other royal family members are interred.

Entrance to the Royal Crypt; Photo © Susan Flantzer

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Works Cited

  • Flantzer, Susan. (2020). Royal Deaths from Car Accidents. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/royal-deaths-from-car-accidents/
  • Important Dates. The Belgian Monarchy. (n.d.-b). https://www.monarchie.be/en/monarchy/events-linked-monarchy
  • Mehl, Scott. (2015). King Albert I of the Belgians. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/king-albert-i-of-belgium/
  • Mehl, Scott. (2015). Queen Astrid of the Belgians. Unofficial Royalty.
  • https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/queen-astrid-of-belgium/
  • Memorial Service to Honor the Deceased Belgium Royals. (2023). https://gertsroyals.blogspot.com/2023/02/memorial-service-to-honor-deceased.html