Category Archives: Danish Royals

Anna Sophie von Reventlow, Queen of Denmark and Norway

by Susan Flantzer © Unofficial Royalty 2020

Anna Sophie von Reventlow, Queen of Denmark and Norway; Credit – Wikipedia

From 1711 – 1712, Anna Sophie von Reventlow was the mistress of Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway. From 1712 – 1721, she was the bigamous wife of Frederik IV, and then she was Queen of Denmark and Norway from 1721 until 1730 when she was expelled from the Danish court by Frederik IV’s son and successor Christian VI, King of Denmark and Norway.

Clausholm Castle, Anna Sophie’s family home; Credit – By Nico at the Danish language Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6672277

Anna Sophie von Reventlow was born on April 16, 1693, at Clausholm Castle, her family home, in the eastern part of the Jutland Peninsula of Denmark. She was one of the ten children of Conrad von Reventlow, Count Reventlow of Clausholm and his second wife Sophie Amalie von Hahn. Anna Sophia had seven elder half-siblings from her father’s first marriage to Anna Margarete von Gabel. Conrad von Reventlow, Count Reventlow of Clausholm served Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway as Grand Chancellor, the highest-ranking non-monarchial government official at that time, similar to a Prime Minister. Nothing is known about Anna Sophie’s childhood but it is assumed that she was not well educated because her letters show that she wrote poorly in Danish, French, and German.

Among Anna Sophie’s siblings were:

Notable half-siblings from her father’s first marriage:

Christian Detlev von Reventlow, Count Reventlow of Clausholm (1671 – 1738), was a Danish military leader and Royal President of the city of Altona, married Benedikte Margrethe von Brockdorff and had eleven children
Christine Sophie von Reventlow (1672 – 1757), was an influential advisor to her sister Anna Sophie and brother-in-law King Frederik IV, married (1) Count Niels Friis, had one son (2) Count Ulrik Adolf von Holstein of Holsteinsborg, no children

Anna Sophie’s notable full siblings:

Anna Margrethe (1682 – 1710), married Hans Schack, 2nd Count of Schackenborg, had four children
Ulrikke Eleonor (1690 – 1754), married Ferdinand Anton Gyldenløve, a grandson of Frederik III, King of Denmark and Norway by his mistress Margrethe Pape, had two sons

Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway; Credit – Wikipedia

In 1695, Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway married Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow with whom he had five children although three sons died in infancy. Frederik began a relationship with Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg, a lady-in-waiting to his unmarried sister Princess Sophia Hedwig of Denmark and Norway in 1699. In 1703, without divorcing his wife Queen Louise, Frederik made a bigamous marriage with Elisabeth. After Elisabeth died in 1704 due to childbirth complications giving birth to a son Frederik Gyldenløve, Frederik IV gave her an elaborate funeral. Little Frederik Gyldenløve lived for only nine months.

After the death of Elisabeth, Frederik began an affair with her lady-in-waiting, Charlotte Helene von Schindel (scroll down in the article). In 1709, Frederik wanted to again make a bigamous marriage but received strong opposition from the church which told him that the law against bigamy also applied to kings. Charlotte and Frederik had a daughter in 1710 who died in infancy.

After losing interest in his mistress Charlotte Helene von Schindel in 1711, Frederik IV then fell in love with 19-year-old Anna Sophie von Reventlow after meeting her at a masked ball. In 1712, Frederik abducted Anna Sophie from her parents’ home Clausholm Castle, and took her to Skanderborg Castle. There they were married bigamously as Frederik’s wife Queen Louise was still alive. Frederik IV installed Anna Sophie in a house on Bag Børsen (present-day Slotsholmsgade 8), close to Copenhagen Castle in Copenhagen and she was given the title Duchess of Schleswig. In 1713, Frederik gave Vallø Castle to Anna Sophie.

Vallø Castle; Credit – By Flemming – DSC_0125, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17230727

Anna Sophie’s mother, by then a widow, did not support her daughter’s bigamous marriage, and mother and daughter did not reconcile until 1718. Anna Sophie did, however, receive support from her influential half-sister Christine Sophie who often visited her. Frederik IV preferred to spend time with Anna Sophie instead of Queen Louise. Anna Sophie’s home became more or less a court, with gatherings of the nobility seeking Frederik IV’s favor. Because Frederik IV did not wish to be so public about his bigamous marriage to Anna Sophie, she was regarded by many as just his official mistress.

Queen Louise died on March 15, 1721, aged 53, and was buried at Roskilde Cathedral, the traditional burial site of the Danish royal family, in Roskilde, Denmark. On April 4, 1721, Frederik IV and Anna Sophie were married in a second formal wedding conducted with great ceremony. Although the marriage was still scandalous, it was not declared morganatic and Anna Sophie was crowned Queen of Denmark and Norway at Frederiksberg Palace in May 1721. Neither of the two surviving children of Frederik IV and his first wife, Crown Prince Christian (future King Christian VI) nor the unmarried Princess Charlotte Amalie, kissed her hand as required by the ceremony.

Anna Sophie as Queen of Denmark and Norway, circa 1730; Credit – Wikipedia

Although Crown Prince Christian behaved with respect towards Anna Sophie, he detested her and blamed her for his father’s ill-treatment of his mother. Princess Charlotte Amalie overcame her disapproval of Anna Sophie and eventually came to like her. In 1725, King Frederik IV made an addition to his will that guaranteed Anna Sophie’s rights as Queen Dowager after his death and made Crown Prince Christian sign it.

After Anna Sophie’s coronation, Frederik IV dismissed several officials and replaced them with relatives of Anna Sophie who were known as the Reventlowske Bande (Reventlow Gang). Anna Sophie was accused of nepotism but it is not known whether she used political influence or if Frederik IV wished to strengthen her role at court by appointing those loyal to her to powerful positions.

Anna Sophie enjoyed the theater and founded, and then supported, the Lille Grønnegade Theater, the first public theater in Denmark. She was known to be generous to those in need, both privately and publically, and came to be called “The Protector of the Poor.” In 1729, Anna Sophie created the charity Dronning Anna Sofies Stiftelse (Foundation of Queen Anna Sophie) to benefit the poor.

Anna Sophie and King Frederik IV had six children. Three were born before the legal marriage in 1721 but none survived. The three children born after the 1721 marriage were styled as Prince/Princess of Denmark and Norway but none survived infancy. The deaths of all the children of Frederik IV and Anna Sophie were seen by many as divine punishment for their bigamous marriage.

Frederika Sophie von Reventlow (born and died before1721), died in infancy
Frederica Conradine von Reventlow (born and before 1721), died in infancy
Stillborn (before 1721)
Princess Christiana Amalia (1723 – 1724), died in infancy
Prince Frederik Christian (1726 – 1727), died in infancy
Prince Karl (1728 – 1729), died in infancy

Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway died on October 12, 1730, the day after his 59th birthday, and was buried at Roskilde Cathedral, the traditional burial place for the Danish royal family, in a tomb adjacent to the tomb of his first wife Queen Louise. Frederik IV’s son, Christian VI, King of Denmark and Norway, did not follow the instruction in his father’s will to guarantee Anna Sophie’s rights as Queen Dowager. Christian VI’s opinion was that Anna Sophie had taken advantage of his father during his ill health and that she had caused his family pain and suffering during the years of her open adultery.

Christian VI granted Anna Sophie an allowance but confiscated all her property, and banished her to Clausholm Castle, her family home. She was allowed to be styled Queen Anna Sophie but not Queen Anna Sophie of Denmark and Norway or Queen Dowager. Anna Sophie spent the remainder of her life under house arrest at Clausholm Castle and was never granted permission to leave. She spent her time developing the gardens at Clausholm Castle, engaging in charitable works for the peasants on the estate, and in religious devotions.

When Anna Sophie, aged 49, died at Clausholm Castle on January 7, 1743, Christian VI allowed her to be buried at Roskilde Cathedral, but in the Trolle Chapel which is on the opposite side of the cathedral, far away from his parents’ tombs in the chancel of the cathedral. Her three children, born after her 1721 marriage, were also re-buried in the Trolle Chapel on Christian VI’s orders.

Tombs of Anna Sophie and three of her children; Credit – By FaceMePLS – originally posted to Flickr as Roskilde cathedral, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6821429

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Kingdom of Denmark Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Works Cited

Da.wikipedia.org. 2020. Anna Sophie Reventlow. [online] Available at: <https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Sophie_Reventlow> [Accessed 1 May 2020].
En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Anne Sophie Reventlow. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Sophie_Reventlow> [Accessed 1 May 2020].
En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Conrad Von Reventlow. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_von_Reventlow> [Accessed 1 May 2020].
Flantzer, Susan., 2020. Frederik IV, King Of Denmark And Norway. [online] Unofficial Royalty. Available at: <https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/frederik-iv-king-of-denmark-and-norway/> [Accessed 1 May 2020].

Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg and Charlotte Helene von Schindel, Mistresses of Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway

by Susan Flantzer © Unofficial Royalty 2020

Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg

Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg; Credit – Wikipedia

Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg was born on May 4, 1679, probably at her father’s estate in Wattmannshagen, now in Lalendorf in the German state of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania. She was the only daughter and the eldest of the three children of Adam Otto von Vieregg and Anna Helene von Wolffersdorff. Her father was the Chamber President of the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Prussian Minister of State and Privy Councilor. From 1698 to 1706, Elisabeth’s father was a Prussian envoy in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway; Credit – Wikipedia

In 1699, Elisabeth became a lady-in-waiting to Princess Sophie Hedwig of Denmark and Norway, the sister of Crown Prince Frederik. She caught his attention, and Frederik gave Elisabeth a diamond ring as a gift. After succeeding to the throne as Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway in August 1699, he began a secret relationship with her despite having married Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow in 1695. Their relationship remained a secret until 1701 when a letter from Elisabeth’s father defending the relationship was made public.

On September 6, 1703, without divorcing his wife Queen Louise, Frederik IV made a bigamous marriage to Elisabeth. On the same day, Elisabeth was created Countess of Antvorskov and was given Antvorskov Castle, a Catholic monastery before the Protestant Reformation. In 1585, it became illegal to use the name Antvorskov Abbey to refer to the property, and so it was called Antvorskov Castle.

Antvorskov Castle, 1749; Credit – Wikipedia

On June 18, 1704, Elisabeth gave birth to a son, Frederik Gyldenløve. Following the practice of his predecessors, Frederik IV gave his illegitimate children the surname Gyldenløve which means Golden Lion. After giving birth, Elisabeth developed complications and died on June 27, 1704, aged 25. She was greatly mourned by Frederik IV who gave her a lavish funeral and commanded that the bells of three churches should ring for two hours. Elisabeth was buried at the Church of Our Savior in Copenhagen, Denmark. Her son lived for only nine months and was buried with Elisabeth.

Church of Our Saviour in Copenhagen, Denmark; Credit – Wikipedia

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Charlotte Helene von Schindel

After the death of Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg in 1704, Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway began an affair with her lady-in-waiting, Charlotte Helene von Schindel. Charlotte was born in 1690, the only daughter and the youngest of the three children of Wiglas von Schindel and Anna Helene von Horn. Charlotte’s father was a Hofmester, a senior official, at the Danish royal court. Her mother was responsible for the upbringing of Frederik IV’s son by Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg, Frederik Gyldenløve, who died when he was nine months old.

In 1709, Frederik again wanted to make a bigamous marriage but received strong opposition from Lutheran church leaders who told him that the law against bigamy also applied to kings. Charlotte and Frederik had a daughter in 1710 who died shortly before her first birthday. After the birth of her daughter, Charlotte was created Countess of Frederiksholm and received two estates Frederik had bought for her, Næsbyholm Castle in Næsby, Denmark, and Bavelse, a manor in Bavelse Sogn, Denmark.

Charlotte’s relationship with Frederik IV ended in 1711 when he entered into a relationship with Anna Sophie Reventlow who became Frederik’s mistress, bigamous wife, second legal wife, and Queen of Denmark. Charlotte was ordered to leave the Danish court and live at her estates. She claimed to be pregnant with Frederik’s child but the pregnancy claim turned out to be false. As Countess of Frederiksholm, Charlotte had an active social life and she had a relationship with Major-General Ernst Gotschalck von Bülow, the governor of Antvorskov Castle with whom she had a son, Frederik August Gotschalck von Bülow.

When King Frederik IV heard about the child, he ordered von Bülow to marry Charlotte. The wedding took place at the Antvorskov Castle Church on February 9, 1716. After the marriage, Frederik IV took away Charlotte’s estates, awarded her an annual pension, and ordered the couple to leave Denmark. They settled in Holstein in the Duchy of Holstein (now in Germany), where they lived until von Bülow died in 1721.

After her husband’s death, Charlotte lived with her sister in Silesia, then part of the Kingdom of Prussia, now located mostly in Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. She also lived in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia (now in Germany) before settling in Flensburg, Denmark (now in Germany) in 1750. Despite her annual pension, Charlotte died in poverty on April 6, 1752, aged 62.

Works Cited

Da.wikipedia.org. 2020. Charlotte Helene Von Schindel. [online] Available at: <https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Helene_von_Schindel> [Accessed 1 May 2020].
Da.wikipedia.org. 2020. Elisabeth Helene Von Vieregg. [online] Available at: <https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_Helene_von_Vieregg> [Accessed 1 May 2020].
De.wikipedia.org. 2020. Elisabeth Helene Von Vieregg. [online] Available at: <https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_Helene_von_Vieregg> [Accessed 1 May 2020].
En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Charlotte Helene Von Schindel. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Helene_von_Schindel> [Accessed 1 May 2020].
En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Elisabeth Helene Von Vieregg. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth_Helene_von_Vieregg> [Accessed 1 May 2020].
Sv.wikipedia.org. 2020. Charlotte Helene Von Schindel. [online] Available at: <https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Helene_von_Schindel> [Accessed 1 May 2020].

Sophie Amalie Moth, Mistress of King Christian V of Denmark and Norway

by Susan Flantzer © Unofficial Royalty 2020

Sophie Amalie Moth; Credit – Wikipedia

Sophie Amalie Moth was a longtime mistress of King Christian V of Denmark and Norway. She was born in Copenhagen, Denmark on March 28, 1654, one of the eight children and the youngest of the four daughters of Paul Moth and Ida Burenneus. Sophie Amalie’s father Paul Moth (link in German) was a physician. In 1651, due to some well-placed contacts, Paul Moth received a call to the court of King Frederik III of Denmark and Norway in Copenhagen, Denmark. Shortly thereafter, he became the personal physician of King Frederik III. He also supervised the education of King Frederik III’s heir Crown Prince Christian, the future King Christian V of Denmark and Norway. Sophie Amalie grew up at the Danish court with her siblings.

King Christian V of Denmark and Norway; Credit – Wikipedia

In 1667, Crown Prince Christian married Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel and between the years 1671 – 1687, the couple had seven children. Upon his father’s death in 1670, Crown Prince Christian succeeded him as Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway. Sophie Amalie’s relationship with King Christian V, arranged by her mother, began shortly after he became king.

Immediately, news of the relationship was spread throughout the Danish court. Although Christian V’s adultery caused an embarrassing situation for his wife, Queen Charlotte Amalie always made the most of her position as queen, both in her public life and her private interactions with her husband. Sophie Amalie was also wise enough to treat Queen Charlotte Amalie with respect. She lived discreetly at court and never exerted influence besides asking for favors for relatives, especially her brother Matthias Moth, who took advantage of the connection.

In 1677, Sophie Amalie was recognized as Christian’s official mistress and was created Countess of Samsøe. Between 1672 and 1682, Christian V and Sophie Amalie had six children, all publicly acknowledged. Following the practice of his grandfather and father, Christian also gave his illegitimate children the surname Gyldenløve which means Golden Love. All the children also had Christian or Christiane among their names in honor of their royal father. The current Danish noble family of the Danneskiold-Samsøe descends from the eldest son of Sophie Amalie and King Christian V.

Christian Gyldenløve, eldest son of Sophie Amalie and Christian V; Credit – Wikipedia

King Christian V and Sophie Amalie had six children:

Christiane Gyldenløve (link in Danish) (1672 – 1689), married Count Frederik Ahlefeldt (link in Danish), no children, died at age 17
Christian Gyldenløve (1674 – 1703), married (1) Countess Charlotte Amalie of Danneskiold-Samsøe, daughter of an illegitimate son of King Frederik III, had two daughters (2) Dorothea Krag, had two sons
Sophie Christiane Gyldenløve (1675 – 1684)
Anna Christiane Gyldenløve (1676 – 1689)
Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve (1678 – 1719), Danish Navy Admiral and Governor of Iceland
A daughter (1682 – 1684)

Sophie Amalie and her children were financially secure because of the funds received from King Christian V. King Christian V was an active participant in the children’s upbringing, education, and marriage negotiations. When his sons by Sophia Amalie reached the age of five or six, they were sent to be raised by King Christian V’s illegitimate half-brother Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve, Count of Laurvig.

Sophie Amalie was able to purchase properties with the funds she had received. These properties further ensured the financial security of Sophie Amalie and her children. In 1682, Sophia Amalie received several properties in Gottorp from Christian V. After the death of naval hero Niels Jue in 1697, Sophia Amalie was given Thott Mansion, the mansion that Christian V had built for Juel. However, she immediately passed Thott Mansion on to her eldest son Christian Gyldenløve.

Jomfruens Egede; Credit – Af NPSE – Eget arbejde, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5789075

After the death of King Christian V in 1699, Sophie Amalie left the Danish court and retired to Jomfruens Egede, an estate she had purchased in 1674 in Fakse on the island of Zealand in eastern Denmark. Twenty years later, Sophie Amalie died on January 17, 1719, aged 64, at her home, Jomfruens Egede. She was first buried at the Church of Our Lady in Copenhagen, Denmark. In 1734, Sophia Amalie and her eldest son Christian Gyldenløve were reinterred at Saint Peter’s Church in Copenhagen, Denmark.

St. Peter’s Church in Copenhagen; Credit – By Tanya Dedyukhina, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=56793710

Works Cited

Da.wikipedia.org. 2020. Sophie Amalie Moth. [online] Available at: <https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Amalie_Moth> [Accessed 1 May 2020].
Dansk kvindebiografisk leksikon. n.d. Sophie Amalie Moth (1654 – 1719). [online] Available at: <https://www.kvinfo.dk/side/597/bio/1457/origin/170/> [Accessed 1 May 2020].
De.wikipedia.org. 2020. Sophie Amalie Moth. [online] Available at: <https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Amalie_Moth> [Accessed 1 May 2020].
En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Sophie Amalie Moth. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Amalie_Moth> [Accessed 1 May 2020].

Sophia Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Queen of Denmark and Norway

by Susan Flantzer © Unofficial Royalty 2020

Sophia Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Queen of Denmark and Norway; Credit – Wikipedia

Margravine Sophia Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach was the wife of Christian VI, King of Denmark and Norway. She was born at Schloss Schönberg in Lauf an der Pegnitz near the Imperial City of Nuremberg, now in the German state of Bavaria, on November 28, 1700. Sophia Magdalene was the ninth of the fourteen children and the fourth of the seven daughters of Margrave Christian Heinrich of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and Sophie Christiane of Wolfstein.

Sophia Magdalene had thirteen siblings but seven did not survive childhood. Several of her siblings lived in Denmark and/or were appointed to Danish positions once Sophia Magdalena’s husband became King of Denmark and Norway.

Georg Frederick Karl, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (1688 – 1735), married Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, had five children, divorced
Albrecht Wolfgang (1689 – 1734), unmarried, Lieutenant General in the Imperial Army (Holy Roman Empire), killed in battle
Dorothea Charlotte (1691 – 1712), married Karl Ludwig, Count of Hohenlohe-Weikersheim
Friedrich Emanuel (1692 – 1693), died in infancy
Christiane Henriette (1693 – 1695), died in early childhood
Friedrich Wilhelm (born and died 1695), died in infancy
Christiane (born and died 1698), died the day of her birth
Christian August (1699 – 1700), died in infancy
Christine Wilhelmine (1702 – 1704), died in early childhood
Friedrich Ernst, Governor of the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein (1703 – 1762); married Christine Sophie of Brünswick-Bevern, no children
Marie Eleonore (1704 – 1705), died in infancy
Sophie Caroline (1705 – 1764) married Georg Albrecht, Prince of East Frisia, no children
Friedrich Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (1708 – 1769), married Viktoria Charlotte von Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym, had two daughters, divorced

Sophia Magdalene’s father Christian Heinrich of Brandenburg-Kulmbach was the father of two reigning Margraves of Brandenburg-Bayreuth and a Queen Consort of Denmark and Norway but never ruled as a sovereign himself. His title of Margrave was a nominal title. Because Christian Heinrich had few resources and was in debt, in 1694 he accepted the invitation of his relative, Georg Friedrich II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, to move in with his family at Schloss Schönberg where Sophia Magdelena was born in 1700.

In 1703, Christian Heinrich signed the Contract of Schönberg. Under the terms of this contract, he renounced his succession rights in Anhalt and Bayreuth in favor of Prussia. Friedrich I, King in Prussia then granted Christian Heinrich the use of Schloss Weferlingen (link in German) now in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. Four-year-old Sophia Magdalene moved to Schloss Weferlingen with her family. When she was eight years old, Sophia Magdalene’s father died at the age of 47, three months before the birth of his last child.

Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Queen of Poland, Electress of Saxony, who raised Sophia Magdalene; Credit – Wikipedia

After her father’s death, Sophia Magdalene was raised at Pretzsch Castle in Pretzsch, Electorate of Saxony, now in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt, by Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, the wife of Augustus II, King of Poland, Elector of Saxony and Sophie Magdalene’s distant relative. Christiane Eberhardine’s husband converted to Catholicism to become King of Poland, however, she remained a staunch Lutheran throughout her life. Besides Sophia Magdalene, Christiane Eberhardine took in several other relatives including Sophia Magdalene’s sister Sophie Caroline and Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel who married Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich of Russia. the son and heir of Peter I (the Great), Emperor of All Russia.

The future King Christian VI, husband of Sophia Magdalene; Credit – Wikipedia

In 1721, Crown Prince Christian of Denmark and Norway, the son and heir of Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway, was traveling throughout Europe seeking a princess to become his wife. At the court of Augustus II, King of Poland, Elector of Saxony, he fell in love with Sophia Magdalene who was serving as a lady-in-waiting to Queen Christiane Eberhardine. Although Sophia Magdalene came from an insignificant, poor family, King Frederik IV of Denmark granted permission for the couple to marry. Christian and Sophie Magdalene were married on August 7, 1721, at Pretzsch Castle in the Electorate of Saxony, now in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

Christian and Sophia Magdalene had one son and two daughters:

Frederik V, King of Denmark and Norway (1723 – 1766), married (1) Louisa of Great Britain, daughter of King George II of Great Britain, had five children including Christian VII, King of Denmark and Norway and Sophia Magdalena who married Gustav III, King of Sweden (2) Juliane Marie of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, had one son Frederik, Hereditary Prince of Denmark
Louise of Denmark and Norway (born and died 1724), died when six months old
Louise of Denmark (1726 – 1756), married Ernst Friedrich III, Duke of Saxony-Hildburghausen, no surviving children

Family of Christian VI, 1744, (left to right) Crown Prince Frederik (future Frederik V) King Christian VI; Queen Sophia Magdalene, and Crown Princess Louise (Frederik’s wife); Credit – Wikipedia

Sophia Magdalene’s husband succeeded his father upon his death on October 12, 1730, as Christian VI, King of Denmark and Norway. The coronation of the new King and Queen of Denmark and Norway was held on June 6, 1731, at the Fredensborg Palace Chapel in Fredensborg, Denmark. A new crown was made for Sophia Magdalene because she refused to wear the crown that the despised Queen Anna Sophie, her husband’s stepmother and longtime mistress of King Frederik IV, had worn. The majority of the Danish crown jewels come from Sophia Magdalene’s collection. Sophie Magdalen’s crown and other crown jewels can be seen today at Rosenborg Castle in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Left: The crown made for Queen Sophia Magdalene; Right: The Crown made for King Christian V, on display at Rosenborg Palace; Photo Credit – Susan Flantzer

Sophia Magdalene never forgot that she came from a poor family and that more fortunate people helped her family. She was responsible for bringing several family members to Denmark. Sophie Magdalen’s mother, Sophie Christiane of Wolfstein, came to Denmark during her daughter’s first pregnancy in 1723 and remained in Denmark, living at Sorgenfri Palace in Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. When she died in 1737, she was buried at Roskilde Cathedral in Roskilde, Denmark, the burial site of the Danish royal family. Two of the Queen’s brothers became Danish admirals. Her widowed sister Sophie Caroline was brought to the Danish court in 1735. In 1737, Sophia Magdalene founded the Vallø Stift (Noble Vallø Foundation for Unmarried Daughters). The foundation was headed by an abbess from a princely house and Sophia Magdalene appointed her sister Sophie Caroline as the first abbess.

Hirschholm Palace designed by Lauritz de Thurah for King Christian VI & Queen Sophia Magdalene; Credit – Wikipedia

Christian VI, King of Denmark and Norway died at the age of 46 on August 6, 1746, the day before his 25th wedding anniversary, at Hirschholm Palace located in present-day Hørsholm municipality just north of Copenhagen, Denmark. He was buried in Frederik V’s Chapel at Roskilde Cathedral in Roskilde, Denmark.

Sophia Magdalene survived her husband by twenty-four years. She lived for the entire reign of her son King Frederik V and was alive for the first four years of the reign of her grandson King Christian VII. Her summers were spent at Hirschholm Palace and the winters at Christiansborg Palace. Queen Sophia Magdalene, aged 69, died at Christiansborg Castle in Copenhagen, Denmark on May 27, 1770. At her request, she was buried in a simple ceremony in Frederik V’s Chapel at Roskilde Cathedral in Roskilde, Denmark.

Tomb of Queen Sophia Magdalene; Credit – Wikipedia

Kingdom of Denmark Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Works Cited

Da.wikipedia.org. 2020. Sophie Magdalene Af Danmark. [online] Available at: <https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Magdalene_af_Danmark> [Accessed 1 May 2020].
De.wikipedia.org. 2020. Sophie Magdalene Von Dänemark. [online] Available at: <https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Magdalene_von_D%C3%A4nemark> [Accessed 1 May 2020].
En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Sophie Magdalene Of Brandenburg-Kulmbach. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Magdalene_of_Brandenburg-Kulmbach> [Accessed 1 May 2020].
Sv.wikipedia.org. 2020. Sofia Magdalena Av Danmark. [online] Available at: <https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_Magdalena_av_Danmark> [Accessed 1 May 2020].

Christian VI, King of Denmark and Norway

by Susan Flantzer © Unofficial Royalty 2020

Christian VI, King of Denmark and Norway; Credit – Wikipedia

Christian VI, King of Denmark and Norway was born on November 30, 1699, at Copenhagen Castle in Copenhagen Denmark. He was the second of the five children and the second but the only surviving of the four sons of Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway and Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow.

Christian VI had three brothers and one sister but only his sister survived infancy:

Christian of Denmark and Norway (1697 – 1698), died in infancy
Frederik Carl of Denmark and Norway (1701 – 1702), died in infancy
Jørgen of Denmark and Norway (1703 – 1704), died in infancy
Charlotte Amalie of Denmark and Norway (1706 – 1782), unmarried

Christian had more of a Germanic upbringing than a Danish one which was not unusual as the language of the Danish royal court at that time was German. He could understand Danish but spoke and wrote in German. It was not until the time of his daughter-in-law, Louisa of Great Britain who learned Danish and insisted that her children learn Danish, that the native language of Denmark regained a foothold at court.

Christian’s mother Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow had been brought up as an adherent to Pietism, a movement that originated in the Lutheran Church in the 17th century in Germany that stressed personal piety over religious formality and orthodoxy. Christian followed his mother’s religious views. The adultery and bigamy of his father Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway, and the effect it had upon his mother deeply affected and disturbed Christian.

In 1699, the year of Christian’s birth, King Frederik IV began a relationship with Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg, lady-in-waiting to his unmarried sister Sophia Hedwig. In 1703, without divorcing his wife Louise, Frederik made a bigamous marriage to Elisabeth. After Elisabeth died in 1704 due to childbirth complications giving birth to a son who lived only nine months, Frederik gave her an elaborate funeral.

After Elisabeth’s death, Frederik began an affair with her lady-in-waiting, Charlotte Helene von Schindel. In 1709, Frederik wanted to make another bigamous marriage but received strong opposition from the church leaders who told him that the law against bigamy also applied to kings. Charlotte and Frederik had a daughter in 1710 who died in infancy.

After losing interest in Charlotte Helene von Schindel in 1711, Frederik IV fell in love with 19-year-old Anna Sophie Reventlow, daughter of Grand-Chancellor Conrad Reventlow who held a position similar to Prime Minister. In 1712, Frederik abducted Anna Sophia from her parents’ home and took her to Skanderborg Castle where they were married bigamously while Queen Louise was still alive.

After the death of Queen Louise in 1721, King Frederik IV and Anna Sophie Reventlow married again in a second formal wedding conducted with great ceremony. Although the marriage was still scandalous, it was not declared morganatic and Anna Sophie was crowned Queen of Denmark and Norway less than a month after Queen Louise’s death. Anna Sophie and King Frederick IV had six children. Three were born before the legal marriage in 1721 but none survived. The three children born after the 1721 marriage were styled as Prince/Princess of Denmark and Norway but none survived infancy. The deaths of the six children were seen by many as divine punishment for the bigamy of Frederik IV and Anna Sophie. Christian distanced himself from his father and he came to detest his stepmother.

Sophia Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach; Credit – Wikipedia

Christian’s father allowed him to choose his wife. Accompanied by Count Ulrik Adolf von Holstein of Holsteinsborg, the husband of Anna Sophie’s half-sister, Christian traveled through the courts of Europe seeking a princess to become his wife. At the court of Augustus II, King of Poland, Elector of Saxony, he fell in love with Margravine Sophia Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, a lady-in-waiting to Augustus II’s wife Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth. She was the daughter of Christian Heinrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach and Countess Sophie Christiane of Wolfstein. Although Sophia Magdalene came from an insignificant, poor family, King Frederik IV granted permission for the couple to marry. Christian and Sophie Magdalene were married on August 7, 1721, at Pretzsch Castle (link in German), the site of the court of Augustus II, King of Poland, Elector of Saxony, then in Pretzsch, Electorate of Saxony, now in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt.

Christian and Sophia Magdalene had one son and two daughters:

Frederik V, King of Denmark and Norway (1723 – 1766), married (1) Louisa of Great Britain, daughter of King George II of Great Britain, had five children including Christian VII, King of Denmark and Norway and Sophia Magdalena who married Gustav III, King of Sweden (2) Juliane Marie of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel, had one son Frederik, Hereditary Prince of Denmark
Louise of Denmark and Norway (born and died 1724), died when six months old
Louise of Denmark (1726 – 1756), married Ernst Friedrich III, Duke of Saxony-Hildburghausen, no surviving children

Family of Christian VI, 1744, (left to right) Crown Prince Frederik (future Frederik V) King Christian VI; Queen Sophia Magdalene, and Crown Princess Louise (Frederik’s wife); Credit – Wikipedia

Christian became King of Denmark and Norway upon the death of his father Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway on October 12, 1730. Frederik IV was buried at Roskilde Cathedral, the traditional burial place for the Danish royal family, a tomb adjacent to the tomb of his first wife, Christian’s mother, Queen Louise.

The Coronation of King Christian VI and Queen Sophia Magdalene; Credit – Wikipedia

In 1725, King Frederik IV made an addition to his will that guaranteed Anna Sophie’s rights as Queen Dowager after his death and made his son Crown Prince Christian sign it. However, once he became King of Denmark and Norway, Christian VI did not follow the instructions in his father’s will. Christian VI’s opinion was that his stepmother Anna Sophie had taken advantage of his father during his ill health and had caused his family pain and suffering during the years of her open adultery.

Anna Sophie Reventlow, Christian’s stepmother; Credit – Wikipedia

Christian VI granted Anna Sophie an allowance, confiscated her property, and banished her to Clausholm Castle, her family home. She was allowed to be styled Queen Anna Sophie but not Queen Anna Sophie of Denmark and Norway or Queen Dowager. Anna Sophie spent the remainder of her life under house arrest at Clausholm Castle and was never granted permission to leave. When Anna Sophie died in 1743, Christian VI allowed her to be buried at Roskilde Cathedral but in the Trolle Chapel, on the opposite side of the cathedral, far away from his parents’ tombs. Her three children, born after her 1721 marriage, were also re-buried in the Trolle Chapel on Christian VI’s orders.

Christian VI is known as a religious ruler and remained devoted to Pietism. His court was considered dull. Only religious music was played and dancing was not allowed. Christian was shy, anxious about responsibility and decisions, and uncomfortable about his ceremonial obligations as the king. He never traveled except for one trip to Norway in 1733.

The first Christiansborg Palace; Credit – Wikipedia

In 1744, on the site of Copenhagen Castle, Christian VI built a namesake palace, the first Christiansborg Palace as his new main residence. The palace was nearly completely destroyed by a fire in 1794. A second Christiansborg Palace was built on the site but was also destroyed by a fire in 1884. A third Christiansborg Palace was built in the early 20th century and today it houses the Danish Parliament, the Supreme Court, and the Prime Minister’s Office. Other places named after King Christian VI include Christian’s Church in Copenhagen, the town of Christiansted on the island of Saint Croix in the United States Virgin Islands, formerly the Danish West Indies, and Fort Christiansværn also on Saint Croix.

Christian VI, King of Denmark and Norway died at the age of 46 on August 6, 1746, at Hirschholm Palace in present-day Hørsholm municipality just north of Copenhagen, Denmark. He was buried in Frederik V’s Chapel at Roskilde Cathedral in Roskilde, Denmark. His wife Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach survived him by 24 years, dying in 1770 at the age of 69.

Tomb of King Christian VI; Photo by Susan Flantzer

Kingdom of Denmark Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Works Cited

Da.wikipedia.org. 2020. Christian 6.. [online] Available at: <https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_6> [Accessed 30 April 2020].
De.wikipedia.org. 2020. Christian VI. (Dänemark Und Norwegen). [online] Available at: <https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_VI._(D%C3%A4nemark_und_Norwegen)> [Accessed 30 April 2020].
En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Christian VI Of Denmark. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_VI_of_Denmark> [Accessed 30 April 2020].
Sv.wikipedia.org. 2020. Kristian VI Av Danmark. [online] Available at: <https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristian_VI_av_Danmark> [Accessed 30 April 2020].

Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Queen of Denmark and Norway

by Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2020

Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Queen of Denmark and Norway; Credit – Wikipedia

Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow was the first wife of Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway, who made two bigamous marriages during Louise’s lifetime. She was born on August 28, 1667, in Güstrow, then in the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, now in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Louise was the ninth of the eleven children and the sixth of the eight daughters of Gustav Adolf, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Magdalene Sibylle of Holstein-Gottorp. Louise’s father was the last Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow. Gustav Adolf survived his two sons and upon his death, there was an inheritance dispute that eventually led to the creation of the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

Louise had eight older siblings and two younger siblings:

Johann, Hereditary Prince of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1655 – 1660), died in childhood
Eleonore (1657 – 1672), died at age 15
Marie (1659 – 1701), married Adolphus Friedrich II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, had five children
Magdalene (1660 – 1702)
Sophie (1662 – 1738), married (fourth wife) Duke Christian Ulrich I of Württemberg-Oels (link in German), no children
Christine (1663 – 1749), married Ludwig Christian, Count of Stolberg-Gedern, had 23 children in 19 pregnancies (including four sets of twins), only 11 survived childhood, great-great-great-grandparents of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom
Karl, Hereditary Prince of Mecklenburg-Güstrow (1664 – 1688), married Marie Amalie of Brandenburg-Schwedt, had one child who was born and died on the day of Karl’s death, died from smallpox at age 23
Hedwig (1666 – 1735), married August, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg-Zörbig, had five children
Elisabeth (1668 – 1738), married Heinrich, Duke of Saxe-Merseburg-Spremberg, had three children
Auguste (link in German) (1674 – 1756), unmarried

Güstrow Castle, Louise’s childhood home; Credit – Wikipedia

Louise grew up at her father’s modest court at Güstrow Castle. Her parents were adherents to Pietism, a movement that originated in the Lutheran Church in the 17th century in Germany that stressed personal piety over religious formality and orthodoxy. Louise met her future husband Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark and Norway, son of Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway and Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel when he was looking for a wife at German Protestant courts. Frederik was instructed by his father to ask his aunt Anna Sophia of Denmark and Norway, Electress of Saxony for advice. Anna Sophia advised Frederik to marry Louise. Frederik was already partial to Louise and readily agreed. Like Frederik, Louise was a great-great-grandchild of King Frederik II of Denmark and Norway. On December 5, 1695, their wedding took place at Copenhagen Castle in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway; Credit – Wikipedia

Louise and Frederik had four sons and one daughter. Sadly, three sons died in infancy.

Christian of Denmark and Norway (1697 – 1698), died in infancy
Christian VI, King of Denmark and Norway (1699 – 1746), married Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, had one son and one daughter including Frederik V of Denmark and Norway
Frederik Carl of Denmark and Norway (1701 – 1702), died in infancy
Jørgen of Denmark and Norway (1703 – 1704), died in infancy
Charlotte Amalie of Denmark and Norway (1706 – 1782), unmarried

Frederik’s father King Christian V died on August 25, 1699, due to the after-effects of a hunting accident, ten months after he had suffered very severe injuries from being kicked by a deer. Frederik acceded to the Danish throne as King Frederik IV. Frederik and Louise were anointed King and Queen of Denmark and Norway on April 15, 1700, at the Frederiksborg Castle Chapel.

Queen Louise; Credit – Wikipedia

Growing up with parents who strictly adhered to Pietism, it was no surprise that Louise was very religious throughout her life. Her main interest was reading religious books and her 400-book collection, consisting largely of German ascetic writings, went to the Royal Library after her death. As dower properties, Louise owned Hirschholm Palace and the estates Rungstedgård and Ebberødgård, all near Copenhagen. In 1704, Louise built a gunpowder mill that was in operation until 1910.

Louise found it difficult to endure her husband’s infidelities and even worse, his two bigamous marriages. At times, Louise reproached her husband which often led to embarrassing situations at the court. It is suspected that Louise’s deep religiousness was also an escape from her disappointing marriage. Louise took part in the official court life and fulfilled her ceremonial duties. Otherwise, she led a withdrawn and quiet life.

In 1699, King Frederik IV began a relationship with Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg, a lady-in-waiting to his unmarried sister Sophia Hedwig. In 1703, without divorcing his wife Louise, Frederik made a bigamous marriage to Elisabeth. After Elisabeth died in 1704 due to childbirth complications giving birth to a son who lived only nine months, Frederik gave her an elaborate funeral.

After the death of Elisabeth, Frederik began an affair with her lady-in-waiting, Charlotte Helene von Schindel. In 1709, Frederik wanted to again make a bigamous marriage but received strong opposition from the church leaders who told him that the law against bigamy also applied to kings. Charlotte and Frederik had a daughter in 1710 who died in infancy.

After losing interest in Charlotte Helene von Schindel in 1711, Frederik then fell in love with 19-year-old Anna Sophie Reventlow, daughter of Grand-Chancellor Conrad Reventlow who held a position similar to Prime Minister. In 1712, Frederik abducted her from her parents’ home and took her to Skanderborg Castle where they were married bigamously while Louise was still alive.

Queen Louise died on March 15, 1721, aged 53, at Charlottenborg Palace in Copenhagen, Denmark. She was buried at Roskilde Cathedral in Roskilde, Denmark.

Tomb of Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow; Photo by Susan Flantzer

After the death of Louise, King Frederik IV and Anna Sophie Reventlow were married in a second formal wedding conducted with great ceremony. Although the marriage was still scandalous, it was not declared morganatic and Anna Sophie was crowned Queen of Denmark and Norway less than a month after Louise’s death. Anna Sophie and King Frederick IV had six children. Three were born before the legal marriage in 1721 but none survived. This was seen by many as divine punishment for their bigamy. The three children born after the 1721 marriage were styled as Prince/Princess of Denmark but none of them survived infancy either. Anna Sophie was hated by Frederik’s two surviving children from his first marriage.

Upon Frederik IV’s death, his son and successor King Christian VI banished Anna Sophie from the court and kept her under house arrest at Clausholm Castle, her family home. When Anna Sophie died in 1743, King Christian VI allowed her to be buried at Roskilde Cathedral but in the Trolle Chapel, on the opposite side of the cathedral, far away from his parents’ tombs – so Louise got some revenge in death.

Kingdom of Denmark Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Works Cited

Da.wikipedia.org. 2020. Louise Af Mecklenburg-Güstrow. [online] Available at: <https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_af_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow> [Accessed 29 April 2020].
De.wikipedia.org. 2020. Louise Zu Mecklenburg. [online] Available at: <https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_zu_Mecklenburg> [Accessed 29 April 2020].
En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Louise Of Mecklenburg-Güstrow. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow> [Accessed 29 April 2020].

Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway

by Susan Flantzer © Unofficial Royalty 2020

Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway; Credit – Wikipedia

Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway is known for having two bigamous marriages. He was the eldest of the four sons and the eldest of the seven children of Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway and Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel. He was born on October 11, 1671, at Copenhagen Castle in Copenhagen, Denmark. Frederik was the Crown Prince of Denmark from birth.

Frederik had six younger siblings:

Christian Vilhelm of Denmark and Norway (1672 – 1673), died in infancy
Christian of Denmark and Norway (1675 – 1695), unmarried, died from smallpox at age 20
Sophia Hedwig of Denmark and Norway (1677 – 1735), unmarried
Christiane Charlotte of Denmark and Norway (1679 – 1689)
Carl of Denmark and Norway (1680 – 1729), unmarried
Vilhelm of Denmark and Norway (1687 – 1705), died at age 18

King Christian V with his eldest son Frederik and his other sons Christian and Carl; Credit – Wikipedia

From his father’s 30-year affair with Sophie Amalie Moth, Frederik had six half-siblings who were all raised at court:

Christiane Gyldenløve (link in Danish) (1672 – 1689), married Count Frederik Ahlefeldt (link in Danish), no children
Christian Gyldenløve (1674 – 1703), married (1) Countess Charlotte Amalie of Danneskiold-Samsøe, daughter of an illegitmate son of King Frederik III, had two daughters (2) Dorothea Krag, had two sons
Sophie Christiane Gyldenløve (1675 – 1684)
Anna Christiane Gyldenløve (1676 – 1689)
Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve (1678 – 1719), Danish Navy Admiral and Governor of Iceland
A daughter (1682 – 1684)

Frederik as Crown Prince of Denmark; Credit – Wikipedia

When it came time for Frederik to marry, his father decided that he should follow the family tradition and marry a German princess. He visited many Protestant northern German courts and was instructed by his father to ask his aunt Anna Sophia of Denmark and Norway, Electress of Saxony for advice. Anna Sophia advised Frederik to marry Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow. Frederik was partial to Louise and readily agreed. Louise was the daughter of Duke Gustav Adolph of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Magdalene Sibylle of Holstein-Gottorp. Like Frederik, Louise was a great-great-grandchild of King Frederik II of Denmark and Norway. On December 5, 1695, their wedding took place at Copenhagen Castle in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow; Credit – Wikipedia

Frederik and Louise had four sons and one daughter. Sadly, three sons died in infancy.

Christian of Denmark and Norway (1697 – 1698), died in infancy
Christian VI, King of Denmark and Norway (1699 – 1746), married Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, had one son and one daughter including Frederik V of Denmark and Norway
Frederik Carl of Denmark and Norway (1701 – 1702), died in infancy
Jørgen of Denmark and Norway (1703 – 1704), died in infancy
Charlotte Amalie of Denmark and Norway (1706 – 1782), unmarried

King Christian V died on August 25, 1699, due to the after-effects of a hunting accident, ten months after he had suffered very severe injuries from being kicked by a deer. His son Frederik acceded to the Danish throne as King Frederik IV. Frederik and his wife were anointed King and Queen of Denmark and Norway on April 15, 1700, at the Frederiksborg Palace Chapel in Hillerød, Denmark.

Despite having inadequate training, Frederik was a fairly successful ruler. He selected his advisors carefully and held audiences in which ordinary people could speak to him and present letters with complaints or requests. However, Frederik was not very familiar with the Danish language, which he only used on state occasions. He usually spoke and wrote in German and French. For a good part of Frederik IV’s reign, Denmark, Russia, and Saxony were engaged in the Great Northern War (1700 – 1721) against Sweden. Frederik did not achieve his main goal to regain the former eastern Danish provinces lost to Sweden in the 17th century. Denmark also had to return Holstein-Gottorp to its duke.

Fredensborg Palace; Credit – By Glån – https://www.flickr.com/photos/84554176@N00/5251098650/sizes/o/in/photostream/, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12668133

Frederik IV was interested in Italian architecture and traveled to Italy several times and had two palaces built in the Italian Baroque style. Frederiksberg Palace, located in Frederiksberg, close to Copenhagen, was built 1699 – 1735 and served as the Danish royal family’s summer residence until the mid-19th century. It was vacant for several years but since 1869, it has been the home of the Royal Danish Military Academy. Fredensborg Palace built 1720 – 1726, is located on Lake Esrum in Fredensborg on the island of Zealand in Denmark. Today, it is the Danish royal family’s spring and autumn residence and is often the site of state visits and family events in the Danish royal family.

Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg; Credit – Wikipedia

In 1699, Frederik began a relationship with Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg, a lady-in-waiting to his unmarried sister Sophia Hedwig. In 1703, without divorcing his wife Louise, Frederik made a bigamous marriage to Elisabeth. After Elisabeth died in 1704 due to childbirth complications giving birth to a son Frederik Gyldenløve, Frederik IV gave her an elaborate funeral. Little Frederik Gyldenløve lived for only nine months.

After Elisabeth died, Frederik began an affair with her lady-in-waiting, Charlotte Helene von Schindel. In 1709, Frederik again wanted to marry bigamously but received strong opposition from the church which told him that the law against bigamy also applied to kings. Charlotte and Frederik had a daughter in 1710 who died in infancy.

After losing interest in Charlotte Helene von Schindel in 1711, Frederik fell in love with 19-year-old Anna Sophie Reventlow, daughter of Grand-Chancellor Conrad Reventlow who held a position similar to Prime Minister. In 1712, Frederik abducted her from her parents’ home and took her to Skanderborg Castle where they were married bigamously as Frederik’s wife Queen Louise was still alive. The adultery and bigamy of Frederik IV and the effect it had upon Queen Louise deeply affected and disturbed Crown Prince Christian. Christian distanced himself from his father and he came to detest Anna Sophie.

After Queen Louise died on March 15, 1721, Frederik and Anna Sophie were married in a second formal wedding conducted with great ceremony on April 4, 1721. Although the marriage was still scandalous, it was not declared morganatic and Anna Sophie was crowned Queen of Denmark at Frederiksberg Palace in May 1721.

Anna Sophie Reventlow; Credit – Wikipedia

Anna Sophie Reventlow and King Frederick IV had six children. Three were born before the legal marriage in 1721 but none survived. This was seen by many as divine punishment for their bigamy. The three children born after the 1721 marriage were styled as Prince/Princess of Denmark but none of them survived infancy either.

Frederika Sophie Reventlow (born and died before1721), died in infancy
Frederica Conradine Reventlow (born and before 1721), died in infancy
Stillborn (before 1721)
Princess Christiana Amalia (1723 – 1724), died in infancy
Prince Frederik Christian (1726 – 1727), died in infancy
Prince Karl (1728 – 1729), died in infancy

Toward the end of his life, Frederik IV suffered from edema, then called dropsy. He died on October 12, 1730, the day after his 59th birthday, at Odense Palace in the city of Odense on the Danish island of Funen. Frederik IV was buried at Roskilde Cathedral, the traditional burial place for the Danish royal family, in Roskilde Cathedral in Roskilde, Denmark.

King Frederik IV’s tomb; Credit – Wikipedia

Kingdom of Denmark Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Works Cited

Da.wikipedia.org. 2020. Frederik 4.. [online] Available at: <https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_4.> [Accessed 29 April 2020].
De.wikipedia.org. 2020. Friedrich IV. (Dänemark Und Norwegen). [online] Available at: <https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_IV._(D%C3%A4nemark_und_Norwegen)> [Accessed 29 April 2020].
En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Frederick IV Of Denmark. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_IV_of_Denmark> [Accessed 29 April 2020].

Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel, Queen of Denmark and Norway

by Susan Flantzer © Unofficial Royalty 2020

Queen Charlotte Amalie with one of her children circa 1675; Credit – Wikipedia

Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel was the wife of Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway. During Christian V’s reign, colonies were established in the Caribbean. The islands of Saint Thomas, Saint John, Saint Croix, and Water Island were originally a Danish colony, the Danish West Indies. The city of Charlotte Amalie, on the island of St. Thomas, was named after Christian V’s wife. Denmark sold the islands to the United States in 1917 and now they are known as the United States Virgin Islands, and Charlotte Amalie is the capital.

Born on April 27, 1650, in Kassel, Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, now in the German state of Hesse, Charlotte Amalie was the eldest of the seven children and the eldest of the three daughters of Wilhelm VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Hedwig Sophia of Brandenburg.

Charlotte Amalie had six younger siblings:

Wilhelm VII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (1651–1670), unmarried, died at age 19
Luise of Hesse-Kassel (born and died 1652), died in infancy
Karl I, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (1654 – 1730), married Maria Amalia of Courland, had seventeen children including Friedrich who succeeded his father and was also King Frederik I of Sweden and Marie Louise who married Johan Willem Friso, Prince of Orange
Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse-Philippsthal (1655 – 1721), married Katharina Amalia of Solms-Laubach, had eight children
Georg of Hesse-Kassel (1658 – 1675), died at age 17
Elisabeth Henriëtte of Hesse-Kassel, Electoral Princess of Brandenburg, Hereditary Princess of Prussia (1661 – 1683), married the future Friedrich I, King in Prussia, had one daughter, died from smallpox at age 21

Charlotte Amalie circa 1667; Credit – Wikipedia

Unlike many other German royals of the time who were Lutheran, Charlotte Amalie’s parents followed Reformed Christianity which adhered to the teachings of John Calvin. Charlotte Amalie was a strict adherent to Reformed Christianity her whole life. She was well-educated in French, Italian, geography, history, and philosophy and was interested in physics and pharmacy.

Charlotte Amalie’s husband Christian V, circa 1675; Credit – Wikipedia

On June 25, 1667, at Nykøbing Castle in Falster, Denmark, 17-year-old Charlotte Amalie married 21-year-old Crown Prince Christian of Denmark, the son of Frederik III, King of Denmark and Norway and Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Charlotte Amalie is the only post-Reformation Danish queen who was not Lutheran or did not convert to the Lutheran religion. Because of her strict adherence to Reformed Christianity, the marriage contract stated that she was allowed to keep her religion and that she was allowed to hold services in an enclosed room with her own Reformed minister.

The couple had seven children:

Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway (1671 – 1730); married (1) Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, had four sons and one daughter including King Christian VI of Denmark and Norway (2) bigamously Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg, had one son (illegitimate, died in infancy) (3) Anna Sophie von Reventlow, married bigamously in 1712, had three illegitimate children; married legally in 1721, had legitimate three legitimate children, all six children died in infancy
Christian Vilhelm of Denmark and Norway (1672 – 1673), died in infancy
Christian of Denmark and Norway (1675 – 1695), unmarried, died from smallpox at age 20
Sophia Hedwig of Denmark and Norway (1677 – 1735), unmarried
Christiane Charlotte of Denmark and Norway (1679 – 1689)
Carl of Denmark and Norway (1680 – 1729), unmarried
Vilhelm of Denmark and Norway (1687 – 1705), died at age 18

Christian V with his eldest son Frederik and his other sons Christian and Carl; Credit – Wikipedia

Charlotte Amalie’s husband succeeded his father in 1670 as Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway. Christian was anointed at Frederiksborg Palace Chapel on June 7, 1671, but Charlotte Amalie did not participate because it violated her religious beliefs.

Double portrait of Christian V and Charlotte Amalie; Credit – Wikipedia

Charlotte Amalie’s relationship with her husband cannot be described as a love affair but rather a mutual, respected friendship. In 1672, King Christian V began a long-term affair with 16-year-old Sophie Amalie Moth. Sophie Amalie, the daughter of King Frederik III’s doctor Paul Moth, had grown up at court with her siblings so she and Christian were well acquainted. Christian had five children with Sophie Amalie whom he publically acknowledged. In 1677, Sophie Amalie was recognized as Christian’s official mistress and was created Countess of Samsø. Although Christian V’s public adultery caused an embarrassing situation for Charlotte Amalie, she always made the most of her position as queen, both in her public life as well as in her private interactions with her husband.

During her tenure as Queen, Charlotte Amalie worked for the rights of those who practiced Reform Christianity, especially for displaced Huguenots from France who had settled in Denmark. In 1685, Christian V issued orders for a certain degree of religious freedom for religious refugees. In 1689, the first Reformed Church in Denmark was consecrated in Copenhagen and Charlotte Amalie was instrumental in its planning and funding. The church had a burial crypt, residences for the ministers, and later, two schools. Although Charlotte Amalie was deeply devoted to her faith, her view on religion was a Protestant ecumenical one and she corresponded with Protestants of different churches.

Charlottenborg Palace by Jacob Coning, 1694; Credit – Wikipedia

King Christian V died in 1699 and was succeeded by his son King Frederik IV. Charlotte Amalie allowed her daughter-in-law, Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, to take her rightful place as Queen. Charlotte Amalie kept a separate court and during the winter lived at Charlottenborg Palace, which is named after her, and then during the summer, she lived at Nykøbing Castle. She owned several estates and became quite wealthy from their income. In 1703, when her son Frederik IV made a bigamous marriage by marrying his mistress Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg while his wife was still living, Charlotte Amalie was deeply grieved by his behavior but never expressed her great displeasure to her son.

On March 27, 1714, Charlotte Amalie, Queen of Denmark and Norway, aged 63, died of scarlet fever after being ill for six days at Charlottenborg Palace in Copenhagen, Denmark. She was buried in a baroque marble tomb designed by Christoph Sturmberg next to King Christian V’s tomb in the nave of Roskilde Cathedral, the traditional burial place of the Danish royal family, in Roskilde, Denmark.

Tomb of Charlotte Amalie in Roskilde Cathedral; Photo Credit – Susan Flantzer

Kingdom of Denmark Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Works Cited

Da.wikipedia.org. 2020. Charlotte Amalie Af Hessen-Kassel. [online] Available at: <https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Amalie_af_Hessen-Kassel> [Accessed 29 April 2020].
De.wikipedia.org. 2020. Charlotte Amalie Von Hessen-Kassel. [online] Available at: <https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Amalie_von_Hessen-Kassel> [Accessed 29 April 2020].
En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Charlotte Amalie Of Hesse-Kassel. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Amalie_of_Hesse-Kassel> [Accessed 29 April 2020].

Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway

Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway; Credit – Wikipedia

King Christian V of Denmark and Norway was born on April 15, 1646, at Duborg Castle (link in Danish) in Flensburg, Duchy of Schleswig, now in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. He was the eldest of the seven children and the eldest of the three sons of Frederik III, King of Denmark and Norway and Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

Christian had seven siblings. His brother George (Jørgen) married Queen Anne of Great Britain and his sister Ulrika Eleonora married King Carl XI of Sweden.

Anna Sophia of Denmark and Norway (1647 – 1717), married Johann Georg III, Elector of Saxony, had two sons
Frederika Amalia of Denmark and Norway (1649 – 1704), married Christian Albrecht, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, had two daughters and two sons
Wilhelmina Ernestina of Denmark and Norway (1650 – 1706), married Karl II, Elector Palatine, no children
Frederik of Denmark and Norway (1651 – 1652), died in infancy
George of Denmark and Norway, Duke of Cumberland (1653 – 1708), married Queen Anne of Great Britain, seventeen pregnancies, three lives births, none survived childhood
Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark and Norway (1656 – 1693), married King Karl XI of Sweden, had five sons and two daughters including King Carl XII of Sweden and Queen (Regnant) Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden
Dorothea of Denmark and Norway (1657 – 1658) died in infancy

As a teenager, Christian went on a Grand Tour of Europe, visiting Holland, England, France, and various German monarchies. In 1663, soon after his return, he became involved in government affairs as preparation for his future duties as king. In 1665, a hereditary, absolute monarchy was confirmed by law.

Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel; Credit – Wikipedia

On June 25, 1667, at Nykøbing Castle in Falster, Denmark, Christian married Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel, the daughter of Wilhelm VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Hedwig Sophia of Brandenburg.

King Christian V with his eldest son Frederik and his other sons Christian and Carl; Credit – Wikipedia

Christian and Charlotte Amalie had seven children:

Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway (1671 – 1730); married (1) Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, had four sons and one daughter including King Christian VI of Denmark and Norway (2) bigamously Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg, had one son (illegitimate, died in infancy) (3) Anna Sophie von Reventlow, married bigamously in 1712, had three illegitimate children; married legally in 1721, had legitimate three legitimate children, all six children died in infancy
Christian Vilhelm of Denmark and Norway (1672 – 1673), died in infancy
Christian of Denmark and Norway (1675 – 1695), unmarried, died from smallpox at age 20
Sophia Hedwig of Denmark and Norway (1677 – 1735), unmarried
Christiane Charlotte of Denmark and Norway (1679 – 1689)
Carl of Denmark and Norway (1680 – 1729), unmarried
Vilhelm of Denmark and Norway (1687 – 1705), died at age 18

The anointing of Christian V in the palace chapel of Frederiksborg Castle by Michael van Haven,1671; Credit – Wikipedia

Upon his father’s death in 1670, Christian succeeded him as Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway. Christian was anointed at Frederiksborg Castle Church on June 7, 1671. During the time of the elected monarchs, the clergy and nobility placed the crown on the king’s head at the coronation ceremony. After the introduction of the absolute monarchy, the crowning was replaced by anointing. The king arrived at the church wearing the crown and was consecrated by being anointed with oil. The regalia used at Christian V’s anointing, except for a new crown, had been made for the crowning of Christian V’s father.

Crown of King Christian V (on the right) and the Queen’s Crown made in 1731 (on the left); Credit – Susan Flantzer

A magnificent throne chair had been constructed during his father’s reign, ready for Christian V’s use. The throne chair was used at anointings between 1671 and 1840. When the absolute monarchy was replaced by a constitutional monarchy in 1849, Danish monarchs were no longer anointed. The throne chair and regalia are now on display at Rosenborg Castle in Copenhagen. Christian V’s crown and the regalia are still displayed on the monarch’s coffin while lying in state.

The Throne Chair of Denmark; Credit – By Sven Rosborn – This file has been extracted from another file: Rosenborg castle 8.jpg, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=29203851

Shortly after Christian became king, 16-year-old Sophie Amalie Moth became his mistress. Sophie Amalie, the daughter of King Frederik III’s doctor Paul Moth, had grown up at court with her siblings. In 1677, she was recognized as Christian’s official mistress and was created Countess of Samsø. Christian and Sophie Amalie had six children, all publicly acknowledged. Following the practice of his grandfather and father, Christian also gave his illegitimate children the surname Gyldenløve which means Golden Love.

Christiane Gyldenløve (link in Danish) (1672 – 1689), married Count Frederik Ahlefeldt (link in Danish), no children
Christian Gyldenløve (1674 – 1703), married (1) Countess Charlotte Amalie of Danneskiold-Samsøe, daughter of an illegitimate son of King Frederik III, had two daughters (2) Dorothea Krag, had two sons
Sophie Christiane Gyldenløve (1675 – 1684), died in childhood
Anna Christiane Gyldenløve (1676 – 1689), died in childhood
Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve, Count of Samsø, (1678 – 1719), Danish Navy Admiral and Governor of Iceland
A daughter (1682 – 1684), died in childhood

Sophie Amalie Moth, Christian V’s mistress; Credit – Wikipedia

Christian’s major disappointment was his unsuccessful attempt in the Scanian War to regain Skåne, Halland, and Blekinge, annexed by Sweden during his father’s reign. Christian introduced the 1683 Danish Code (Danske Lov), the first law code for all of Denmark. He also introduced a similar 1687 Norwegian Code (Norske Lov) to replace Christian IV’s 1604 Norwegian Code in Norway. During Christian’s reign, colonies were established in Africa and the Caribbean as part of the Danish triangle trade. The city of Charlotte Amalie, on the island of St. Thomas, is the capital and the largest city in the United States Virgin Islands and was named after Christian V’s wife.

Christian V died from the after-effects of a hunting accident that occurred on October 19, 1698. Christian was hunting with his two surviving sons and his half-brother. While taking a break, they received the news that the hunting dogs had exhausted and surrounded a deer. Christian immediately left to give the deer the death blow. Instead, he missed and the deer kicked him. The injuries were severe and Christian never recovered, dying on August 25, 1699, aged 53, at Copenhagen Castle in Copenhagen, Denmark. He was buried in The Chancel at Roskilde Cathedral in Roskilde, Denmark.

Tomb of King Christian V; Credit – Susan Flantzer

Kingdom of Denmark Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Works Cited

Da.wikipedia.org. 2020. Christian 5.. [online] Available at: <https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_5.> [Accessed 29 April 2020].
De.wikipedia.org. 2020. Christian V. (Dänemark Und Norwegen). [online] Available at: <https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_V._(D%C3%A4nemark_und_Norwegen)> [Accessed 29 April 2020].
En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Christian V Of Denmark. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_V_of_Denmark> [Accessed 29 April 2020].

King Christian IX of Denmark: Children, Grandchildren, Great-Grandchildren and Notable Descendants

by Susan Flantzer

King Christian IX with his family in the Garden Hall of Fredensborg Palace in 1883 by Laurits Tuxen; Credit – Wikipedia

King Christian IX of Denmark and Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel had six children and 39 grandchildren. Their grandchildren sat upon the thrones of Denmark, Greece, Norway, Russia, the United Kingdom. They are the ancestors of six of the ten current European monarchs: King Philippe of Belgium, King Frederik X of Denmark, Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, King Harald V of Norway, King Felipe VI of Spain, King Charles III of the United Kingdom, and two former monarchs, the late King Michael of Romania and the late King Constantine II of Greece. See Wikipedia: Monarchs descended from King Christian IX.

King Christian IX and his family in 1862 (Front: Dagmar, Valdemar, Queen Louise, Thyra, Alexandra; Back: Frederik, King Christian, Vilhelm); Credit – Wikipedia

However, King Christian IX of Denmark was not born destined to be a king. King Christian IX was born a German prince, the sixth child and fourth son of Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg- Glücksburg and Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel, on April 8, 1818, at Gottorp Castle near the town of Schleswig in the Duchy of Schleswig, now in Germany.

Christian married his second cousin Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel, the daughter of Prince Wilhelm of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Charlotte of Denmark. Both Christian and Louise were great-grandchildren of King Frederik V of Denmark. Their descents from King Frederik V are below.

King Frederik V of Denmark married Princess Louisa of Great Britain (1st wife) → Princess Louise of Denmark married Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel → Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel married Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg → King Christian IX of Denmark

King Frederik V of Denmark married Duchess Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (2nd wife) → Frederik, Hereditary Prince of Denmark married Duchess Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin → Princess Charlotte of Denmark married Prince Wilhelm of Hesse-Kassel → Louise of Hesse-Kassel

So how did Christian become King of Denmark? When King Christian VIII, the son of Frederik, Hereditary Prince of Denmark, died in 1848, he was succeeded by his son King Frederik VII, who had married three times but had no children, and this resulted in a succession crisis. Louise, Christian IX’s wife, had lived in Denmark from the time she was three years old. She was a niece of King Christian VIII of Denmark and a closer heir than her husband. Women could inherit the Danish throne only if there were no male heirs (Semi-Salic Law), and Louise and her mother Charlotte of Denmark both rescinded their succession rights to Christian, Louise’s husband, in 1851. The Act of Succession of 1853 officially made Christian the heir of King Frederik VII, and he became king in 1863 when King Frederik VII died.

Christian IX and his wife Louise were as much the “Grandparents of Europe” as were Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Christian and Louise had 39 grandchildren and their grandsons included Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia, King Constantine I of Greece, King George V of the United Kingdom, King Christian X of Denmark and King Haakon VII of Norway. Over the years, numerous large family reunions were held at Fredensborg Palace in Denmark with children, in-laws, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren.

A story has been told about King Christian IX. Whether it is true or not, it illustrates his relationship with other European monarchies:

One day, Christian IX and his son Vilhelm (George I of Greece) and the husbands of two of his daughters (Alexander III of Russia and the Prince of Wales, the future Edward VII of the United Kingdom) went for a walk. They encountered a country gentleman who wondered who they were, thinking they were guests of some local squire. “I am your king,” explained Christian. “This is my son, the King of Greece, and this is my son-in-law, the Emperor of Russia, and my other son-in-law, the Prince of Wales.” The man was not impressed and said, “All right, I’ll tell you who I am. I am Jesus Christ!”

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All of King Christian IX’s children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren are listed below. In addition, notable great-great-grandchildren and great-great-great-grandchildren are also included. Monarchs and consorts from former monarchies and current monarchies, along with current heirs, who are King Christian’s descendants are in bold. The links below are either from Unofficial Royalty or Wikipedia. Not all people have Wikipedia links.

Frederik VIII and his wife with their four eldest children by Elfelt, bromide postcard print, (circa 1877), NPG x74398 © National Portrait Gallery, London

1) King Frederik VIII of Denmark (1843-1912) married (1869) Princess Louise of Sweden (1851-1926), had four sons and four daughters

King Christian X of Denmark (1870-1947) married (1898) Duchess Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1879-1952), had two sons
- King Frederik IX of Denmark married (1935) Princess Ingrid of Sweden (1910-2000), had three daughters
  - Notable Great-Great-Grandchild: Queen Margrethe II of Denmark (born 1940) married (1967) Henri de Laborde de Monpezat (1934-2018), had two sons
    - Notable Great-Great-Great-Grandchild: King Frederik X of Denmark (born 1968) married (2004) Mary Donaldson, had two sons and two daughters
  - Notable Great-Great-Grandchild: Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark, Queen of Greece (born 1946) married (1964) King Constantine II of Greece (1940 – 2023), had three sons and two daughters
- Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark (1900-1976) married (1933) his first cousin Princess Caroline-Mathilde of Denmark (1912-1995), had one daughter and two sons
Prince Carl of Denmark, later King Haakon VII of Norway (1872-1957) married his first cousin Princess Maud of Wales (1869-1938), had one son
- Prince Alexander of Denmark, later King Olav V of Norway (1903-1991), married (1929) Princess Märtha of Sweden (1901-1954), had two daughters and one son
  - Notable Great-Great-Grandchild: King Harald V of Norway (born 1937), married (1968) Sonja Haraldsen (born 1937), had two children
    - Notable Great-Great-Great-Grandchild: Crown Prince Haakon of Norway (born 1973) married (2001) Mette-Marit Tjessem Høiby, (born 1973), had two children
Princess Louise of Denmark (1875-1906) married (1896) Prince Frederick of Schaumburg-Lippe (1868-1945), had two daughters and one son
- Princess Marie Louise of Schaumburg-Lippe (1897-1938), married (1916) Prince Friedrich Sigismund of Prussia (1891-1927), had one son and one daughter
- Prince Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe (1898-1974), married (1937) his first cousin Princess Feodora of Denmark (1910-1975), had three sons and one daughter
- Princess Stephanie of Denmark (1899-1925) married (1921) Viktor Adolf, 5th Prince of Bentheim und Steinfurt (1883-1961), had two sons, died in childbirth along with twin sons
Prince Harald of Denmark (1876-1949) married (1909) Princess Helena Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (1888-1962), had three daughters and two sons
- Princess Feodora of Denmark (1910-1975) married (1937) her first cousin Prince Christian of Schaumburg-Lippe (1898-1974), had three sons and one daughter
- Princess Caroline-Mathilde of Denmark (1912-1995) married her first cousin, Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark (1900-1976), had one daughter and two sons
- Princess Alexandrine-Louise of Denmark (1914-1962) married Count Luitpold of Castell-Castell (1904-1941), had two daughters and one son
- Prince Gorm of Denmark (1919-1991), unmarried
- Count Oluf of Rosenborg (1923-1990), born Prince Oluf of Denmark, after marrying without the monarch’s consent, he lost his succession rights and his royal style and title, married (1) (1948) Annie Puggard-Müller (1926-2013), had one son and one daughter, divorced (1977), married (2) (1982) Lis Wolf-Jürgensen (born 1935), no children, divorced
Princess Ingeborg of Denmark (1878-1958) married (1897) Prince Carl of Sweden, Duke of Västergötland (1861-1951), had three daughters and one son
- Princess Margaretha of Sweden (1899-1977) married (1919) Prince Axel of Denmark (1888-1964), had two sons
- Princess Märtha of Sweden, Crown Princess of Norway (1901–1954) married (1929) King Olav V of Norway (1903-1991), had two daughters and one son
  - Notable Great-Great-Grandchild: King Harald V of Norway (born 1937), married (1968) Sonja Haraldsen (born 1937), had one daughter and one son
    - Notable Great-Great-Great-Grandchild: Crown Prince Haakon of Norway (born 1973) married (2001) Mette-Marit Tjessem Høiby (1973), had two children
- Princess Astrid of Sweden, Queen of the Belgians (1905–1935, died in a car accident) married (1926) Leopold III, King of the Belgians (1901-1983), had one daughter and two sons
  - Notable Great-Great-Grandchild: Princess Joséphine Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1927-2005) married (1953) Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg (1921-2019)
    - Notable Great-Great-Great-Grandchild: Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg (born 1955) married (1981) María Teresa Mestre y Batista (born 1956), had four sons and one daughter
  - Notable Great-Great-Grandchild: Baudouin, King of the Belgians (1930-1993), married Fabiola de Mora y Aragón (1928-2014), no children
  - Notable Great-Great-Grandchild: Albert II, King of the Belgians (born1934), married Paola Ruffo di Calabria (born1937), had two sons and one daughter
    - Notable Great-Great-Great-Grandchild: Philippe, King of the Belgians (born 1960), married Mathilde d’Udekem d’Acoz (born 1973), had two daughters and two sons
- Prince Carl Bernadotte (1911-2003), born Prince Carl of Sweden, Duke of Östergötland, due to an unequal marriage, he lost his succession rights and his royal title and style, married (1) (1937) Countess Elsa von Rosen (1904–1991), had one daughter, divorced (1951), married (2) (1954) Ann Margareta Larsson (1921–1975), no children, divorced (1961), married (3) (1978) Kristine Rivelsrud (1932-2014), no children
Princess Thyra of Denmark (1880-1945), unmarried
Prince Gustav of Denmark (1887-1944), unmarried
Princess Dagmar of Denmark (1890-1961) married (1922) Jørgen Castenskjold (1893-1978), had four sons and one daughter
- Carl Castenskjold (1923-2006), married (1948) Bente Grevenkop (1927-2003), had two sons and one daughter, divorced (1963)
- Christian Ludwig Castenskjold (born 1926) married (1952) Cecily Abbots (1927-2019), had one daughter
- Jørgen Castenskjold (1928-1964), married (1) (1956) Kirsten Schlichtkrull (born 1934), had one daughter, divorced (1958), married (1959) (2) Birgit Tengstedt (born 1932), had one daughter
- Dagmar Castenskjold (1930-2013), married (1950) Poul Bitsch (1930-1967), had three sons
- Christian Frederik Castenskjold (1931-1937), died in childhood

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Embed from Getty Images
Alexandra and her husband with their children, circa 1880

2) Princess Alexandra of Denmark (1844 – 1925) married (1863) King Edward VII of the United Kingdom (1841 – 1910), had three sons and three daughters

Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale (1864-1892), unmarried
King George V of the United Kingdom (1865-1936) married (1893) Princess Victoria Mary of Teck (1867-1953), had five sons and one daughter
- King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom (Duke of Windsor after his abdication) (1894-1972), married (1937) Wallis Simpson (1896-1986), no children
- King George VI of the United Kingdom (1895-1952), married (1923) Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon (1900-2002), had two daughters
  - Notable Great-Great-Grandchild: Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom (1926-2022) married (1947) Prince Philip of Greece (1921-2021), had three sons and one daughter
    - Notable Great-Great-Great-Grandchild: King Charles III of the United Kingdom, (born 1948), married (1) (1981) Lady Diana Spencer, had two sons, divorced; married (2) (2005) Camilla Shand Parker-Bowles, no children
- Mary, Princess Royal, Countess of Harewood (1897-1965), married (1922) Henry Lascelles, 6th Earl of Harewood (1882-1947), had two sons
- Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester (1900-1974), married (1935) Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott (1901-2004), had two sons
- Prince George, Duke of Kent, (1902-1942), married (1934) Princess Marina of Greece (1906-1968), had two sons and one daughter
- Prince John of the United Kingdom (1905-1919), died due to epilepsy complications
Princess Louise, Princess Royal (1867-1931) married (1889) Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife (1849-1912), had two daughters
- Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife (1891-1959), married (1913) her first cousin once removed, Prince Arthur of Connaught, (1883-1938), had one son
- Princess Maud of Fife (1893-1945), married (1923) Charles Carnegie, 11th Earl of Southesk (1893-1992), had one son
Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom (1868-1935), unmarried
Princess Maud of Wales, Queen of Norway (1869-1938) married (1896) her first cousin Prince Carl of Denmark, later King Haakon VII of Norway (1872-1957), had one son
- Prince Alexander of Denmark, later King Olav V of Norway (1903-1991), married (1929) Princess Märtha of Sweden (1901-1954), had two daughters and one son
  - Notable Great-Great-Grandchild: King Harald V of Norway (born 1937), married (1968) Sonja Haraldsen, had one daughter and one son
    - Notable Great-Great-Great-Grandchild: Crown Prince Haakon of Norway (born 1973) married (2001) Mette-Marit Tjessem Høiby (born 1973), had two children
Prince Alexander John of Wales (1871), born prematurely, died the next day

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King George and Queen Olga with six of their children, circa 1890; Credit – Wikipedia

3) Prince Vilhelm of Denmark, later King George I of Greece (1845–1913) married (1867) Grand Duchess Olga Konstantinovna of Russia (1851-1926), had five sons and three daughters

Male-line descendants below of King Christian IX of Denmark also who held the title Prince or Princess of Greece also held the title of Prince or Princess of Denmark and are traditionally referred to as Prince or Princess of Greece and Denmark.

King Constantine I of Greece (1868-1923) married (1889) Princess Sophie of Prussia (1870-1932), had three sons and three daughters
- King George II of Greece (1890-1947), married (1921) Princess Elisabeta of Romania (1894-1956), no children, divorced
- King Alexander of Greece (1893-1920), married (1919) Aspasia Manos (1896-1972), had one daughter
  - Notable Great-Great-Grandchild: Princess Alexandra of Greece, Queen of Yugoslavia (1921-1993) married (1944) King Peter II of Yugoslavia (1923-1970), had one son
- Princess Helen of Greece, Queen Mother of Romania (1896-1982), married (1921) King Carol II of Romania (1893-1953), had one son, divorced
  - Notable Great-Great-Grandchild: King Michael (Mihai) of Romania (1921-2017), married (1948) Princess Anne of Bourbon-Parma (1923-2016), had five daughters
- King Paul I of Greece (1901-1964), married (1938) Princess Frederica of Hanover (1917-1981), had two daughters and one son
  - Notable Great-Great-Grandchild: Princess Sophia of Greece, Queen Sofia of Spain (born 1938) married (1962) King Juan Carlos I of Spain (born 1938), had two daughters and one son
    - Notable Great-Great-Great-Grandchild: King Felipe VI of Spain (born 1968) married (2004) Letizia Ortiz Rocasolano (born 1972), had two daughters
  - Notable Great-Great-Grandchild: King Constantine II of Greece (born 1940) married (1964) Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark (born 1946), had three sons and two daughters
- Princess Irene of Greece, Duchess of Aosta (1904-1974), married (1939) Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta (1900-1948), had one son
- Princess Katherine of Greece, The Lady Katherine Brandram (1913-2007), married (1947) Major Richard Brandram (1911-1994), had one son
Prince George of Greece (1869-1957) married (1907) Princess Marie Bonaparte (1882-1962), had one son and one daughter
- Prince Peter of Greece (1908–1980) married (1939) Irina Aleksandrovna Ovtchinnikova (1904-1990), no children
- Princess Eugénie of Greece (1910–1988) married (1) (1938) Prince Dominic Radziwill (1911-1976), had one son and one daughter, divorced, married (2) (1949) Prince Raymundo della Torre e Tasso, Duke of Castel Duino, had one son, divorced
Princess Alexandra of Greece, Grand Duchess Alexandra Georgievna of Russia (1870-1891) married Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia (1860-1919, killed by the Bolsheviks), had one daughter and one son
- Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna (1890–1958), married (1) (1908) Prince Wilhelm of Sweden, Duke of Södermanland (1884-1965) had one son, divorced, married (2) (1917) Prince Sergei Mikhailovich Putyatin (1893–1966), had one son
- Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich (1891–1942), married morganatically (1926) Audrey Emery (1904-1971), had one son, divorced, Dmitri was one of the assassins of Grigori Rasputin
Prince Nicholas of Greece (1872-1938) married (1902) Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia (1882-1957), had three daughters
- Princess Olga of Greece (1903–1997) married (1923) Prince Paul of Yugoslavia (1893-1976), had two sons and one daughter
- Princess Elizabeth of Greece (1904–1955) married (1934) Count Carl Theodor of Toerring-Jettenbach (1900-1967), had one son and one daughter
- Princess Marina of Greece (1906-1968) married (1934) Prince George, Duke of Kent (1902-1942), had two sons and one daughter
  - Notable Great-Great-Grandchild: Prince Edward, Duke of Kent (born 1935), married (1961) Katharine Worsley (born 1933), had two sons and one daughter
  - Notable Great-Great-Grandchild: Princess Alexandra of Kent (born 1936), married (1963) The Honorable Angus Ogilvy, (1928-2004), had one son and one daughter
  - Notable Great-Great-Grandchild: Prince Michael of Kent (born 1942), married (1978) Baroness Marie-Christine von Reibnitz (born 1945) had one son and one daughter
Princess Maria of Greece (1876-1940) married (1) (1900) Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia (1863-1919, killed by the Bolsheviks), had two daughters, married (2) (1922) Admiral Perikles Ioannidis (1881-1965), no children
- Princess Nina Georgievna of Russia (1901-1974) married (1922) Prince Paul Chavchavadze (1899–1971), had one son
- Princess Xenia Georgievna of Russia (1903-1965) married (1) (1921) William Bateman Leeds, Jr., had one daughter, divorced, married (2) (1946) Herman Jud (1911-1987), no children
Princess Olga of Greece (born and died 1880)
Prince Andreas of Greece (1882-1944), married (1903) Princess Alice of Battenberg (1885-1969) had four daughters and one son
- Princess Margarita of Greece (1905-1981) married (1931) Gottfried, Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1897-1960), had four sons and one daughter
- Princess Theodora of Greece (1906-1969) married (1931) Berthold, Margrave of Baden (1906-1963), had one daughter and two sons
- Princess Cecilie of Greece (1911-1937) married (1931) Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, (1906-1937), had two sons and one daughter
- Princess Sophie of Greece (1914-2001) married (1) (1930) Prince Christoph of Hesse, (1901-1943, killed in World War II), had three daughters and two sons, married (2) (1946) Prince Georg Wilhelm of Hanover, (1915-2006), had two sons and one daughter
- Prince Philip of Greece, Duke of Edinburgh (1921-2021) married (1947) Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom (1926 -2022), had three sons and one daughter
  - Notable Great-Great-Grandchild: King Charles III of the United Kingsdom (born 1948), married (1) (1981) Lady Diana Spencer, had two sons, divorced; married (2) (2005) Camilla Shand Parker-Bowles, no children
Prince Christopher of Greece (1888-1940) married (1) (1920) Nancy Stewart Worthington Leeds (1878-1923), no children; married (2) (1929) Princess Françoise of Orléans, (1902-1953), had one son
- Prince Michael of Greece (born 1939), married (1965) Marina Karella (born 1940), had two daughters

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Empress Maria Feodorovna and her husband with their five surviving children; Credit – Wikipedia

4) Princess Dagmar of Denmark, Maria Feodorovna, Empress of All Russia (1847-1928) married (1866) Alexander III, Emperor of All Russia (1845–1894), had four sons and two daughters

Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia (1868-1918), married (1894) Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine, (1872-1918), had four daughters and one son, the entire family was killed by the Bolsheviks in 1918
- Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna of Russia (1895-1918)
- Grand Duchess Tatiana Nikolaevna of Russia (1897-1918)
- Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (1899-1918)
- Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia (1901-1918)
- Tsesarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia (1904-1918)
Grand Duke Alexander Alexandrovich of Russia (1869-1870), died young of meningitis
Grand Duke George Alexandrovich of Russia (1871-1899), unmarried, died of tuberculosis
Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia (1875-1960), married (1894) Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia (1866-1933), had one daughter and six sons
- Princess Irina Alexandrovna of Russia (1895-1970), married (1914) Prince Felix Yusupov (1887-1967), was one of the assassins of Grigori Rasputin, had one daughter
- Prince Andrei Alexandrovich of Russia (1897-1981), married (1) (1918) Elisabetta Ruffo-Sasso (1886-1940), had one son and two daughters, married (2) (1842) Nadine McDougall (1908–2000), had one daughter
- Prince Feodor Alexandrovich of Russia (1898-1968), married (1923) Princess Irina Pavlovna Paley (1903-1990), daughter of his mother’s paternal uncle Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia and his morganatic wife Princess Olga Paley, had one son, divorced
- Prince Nikita Alexandrovich of Russia (1900-1974), married (1922) Countess Maria Vorontsova-Dashkova (1903-1997), had two sons
- Prince Dmitri Alexandrovich of Russia (1901-1980), married (1) (1931) Countess Marina Sergeyevna Golenischeva-Kutuzova, had one daughter, divorced, married (2) (1954) Margaret Sheila MacKellar, no children
- Prince Rostislav Alexandrovich of Russia (1902-1978), married (1) (1928) Princess Alexandra Pavlovna Galitzine (1905-2006), had one son, divorced, married (2) (1944) Alice Eilken (born 1923), had one son, divorced, married (3) (1954) Hedwig von Chappuis (1905-1997), no children
- Prince Vasili Alexandrovich of Russia (1907-1989), married (1931) Princess Natalia Golitsyna (1907-March 1989), had one daughter
Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia (1878-1918, killed by the Bolsheviks in 1918), married (1912) Natalia Sergeyevna Sheremetyevskaya, Countess Brasova, (1880-1952) had one child
- George Mikhailovich, Count Brasov (1910-1931), unmarried, died in a car accident
Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia (1882-1960), married (1) (1901) Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg (1868-1924), no children, marriage annulled, married (2) (1916) Nikolai Alexandrovich Kulikovsky (1881-1958), had two sons
- Tikhon Nikolaevich Kulikovsky (1917-1993), married (1) (1942) Agnet Petersen (1920-2006), no children, divorced; married (2) (1959) Livia Sebastian (1922-1982), had one daughter, divorced; married (3) (1986) Olga Nikolaevna Pupynina (born 1926), no children
- Guri Nikolaevich Kulikovsky (1919-1984), married (1) (1940) Ruth Schwartz (1921-2015), had one daughter and two sons, divorced; married (2) Aze Gagarin (1924-2012), no children

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Thyra and her husband with their six children; Credit – Wikipedia

5) Princess Thyra of Denmark (1853–1933), married (1878) Crown Prince Ernst August of Hanover, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale (1845-1923), had three sons and three daughters

Princess Marie Louise of Hanover (1879-1948) married (1900) Prince Maximilian of Baden (1867-1929), had one daughter and one son
- Princess Marie Alexandra of Baden (1902-1944, killed in the bombing of Frankfurt, Germany during World War II), married (1924) Prince Wolfgang of Hesse-Kassel (1896-1989), no children
- Berthold, Margrave of Baden (1906-1963) married (1931) Princess Theodora of Greece (1906-1969), had one daughter and two sons
Prince Georg Wilhelm of Hanover (1880-1912), unmarried, killed in a car accident
Princess Alexandra of Hanover, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1882-1963) married (1904) Friedrich Franz IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1882–1945), had two sons and three daughters
- Hereditary Grand Duke Friedrich Franz of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1910-2001) married (1941) Karin von Schaper (1920-2012), no children, divorced in 1967, remarried in 1977
- Duke Christian Ludwig of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1912-1996), married (1954) Princess Barbara of Prussia (1920-1994), had two daughters
- Duchess Olga of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1916-1917), died in infancy
- Duchess Thyra of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1919-1981), unmarried
- Duchess Anastasia of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (1923-1979), married (1943) Prince Friedrich Ferdinand of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (1913-1989), had four daughters
Princess Olga of Hanover (1884-1958), unmarried
Prince Christian of Hanover (1885-1901), died from undiagnosed and untreated appendicitis which developed into peritonitis
Ernst August III, Duke of Brunswick (1887-1953), married (1913) Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia (1892-1980), had four sons and one daughter
- Prince Ernst August IV of Hanover, Hereditary Prince of Brunswick (1914-1987), married (1) (1951) Princess Ortrud of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (1925-1980), had three daughters and three sons; married (2) (1981) Countess Monika of Solms-Laubach, no children
  - Notable Great-Great-Grandchild: Prince Ernst August V of Hanover (born 1954), married (1) (1981) Chantal Hochuli (born 1955), had two sons, divorced; married (2) (1999) Princess Caroline of Monaco (born 1957), had one daughter
- Prince Georg Wilhelm of Hanover (1915-2006) married (1946) Princess Sophie of Greece (1914-2001), had two sons and one daughter
- Princess Friederike of Hanover, Queen of Greece (1917) married (1938) King Paul of Greece (1901-1964), had two daughters and one son
  - Notable Great-Great-Grandchild: Princess Sophia of Greece, Queen Sofia of Spain (born 1938), married (1962) King Juan Carlos I of Spain (born 1938), had two daughters and one son
    - Notable Great-Great-Great-Grandchild: King Felipe VI of Spain (born 1968) married (2004) Letizia Ortiz Rocasolano (born 1972), had two daughters
  - Notable Great-Great-Grandchild: King Constantine II of Greece (1940-2023) married Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark (born 1946), had three sons and two daughters
- Prince Christian Oscar of Hanover (1919-1981) married (1963) Mireille Dutry (born 1946), had two daughters, divorced
- Prince Welf Heinrich of Hanover (1923-1997) married (1960) Princess Alexandra of Ysenburg and Büdingen (1937-2015), no children

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Valdemar and his wife with their five children; Credit – Wikipedia

6) Prince Valdemar of Denmark (1858-1939) married (1885) Princess Marie of Orléans (1865-1909), had four sons and one daughter

Prince Aage, Count of Rosenborg (1887-1940), born Prince Aage of Denmark, after marrying without the monarch’s consent, he lost his succession rights and his royal style and the title Prince of Denmark, married (1914) Matilda Calvi Dei Conti di Bergolo (1885-1949), had one son, divorced
- Valdemar, Count of Rosenborg (1915-1995) married (1949) Baroness Floria d’Huart Saint-Mauris (1925-1995), no children
Prince Axel of Denmark (1888-1964), married (1919) Princess Margaretha of Sweden (1899-1977), had two sons
- Prince George Valdemar of Denmark (1920-1986), married (1950) Anne Bowes-Lyon (maternal first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, no children
- Count Flemming Valdemar of Rosenborg (1922-2002), born Prince Flemming Valdemar of Denmark, after marrying without the monarch’s consent, he lost his succession rights and his royal style and title, married (1949) Alice Nielson (1924-2010), had three sons and one daughter
Prince Erik, Count of Rosenborg (1890-1950), born Prince Erik of Denmark, after making an unequal marriage, he lost his succession rights and the title Prince of Denmark, he did retain his style His Highness, married (1924) Lois Frances Booth (1897-1941), had one son and one daughter, divorced
- Countess Alexandra of Rosenborg (1927-1992) married (1951) Ivar Emil Vind-Röj (1921-1977), had one daughter and two sons
- Count Christian of Rosenborg (1932-1997), married (1962) Karin Lüttichau, had one son and one daughter
Prince Viggo, Count of Rosenborg (1893-1970), born Prince Viggo of Denmark, after marrying without the consent of the monarch, he lost his succession rights and his royal style and the title Prince of Denmark, married (1924) Eleonor Green (1895-1966), no children
Princess Margrethe of Denmark (1895-1992) married (1921) Prince René of Bourbon-Parma (1894-1962), had three sons and one daughter
- Prince Jacques of Bourbon-Parma (1922-1964) married (1947) Birgitte von Holstein-Ledreborg, Countess of Holstein-Ledreborg, had three children
- Princess Anne of Bourbon-Parma (1923-2016) married (1948) former King Michael I of Romania (1921-2017), had five daughters
- Prince Michel of Bourbon-Parma (1926-2018) married (1) (1951) Princess Yolande de Broglie-Revel, had three daughters and two sons, divorced; married (2) (2003) Princess Maria Pia of Savoy, no children
- Prince André of Bourbon-Parma (1928-2011) married (1960) Marina Gacry, had three children

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