Category Archives: Danish Royals

Sophie Amalie Moth, Mistress of King Christian V of Denmark and Norway

by Susan Flantzer © Unofficial Royalty 2020

Sophie Amalie Moth; Credit – Wikipedia

Sophie Amalie Moth was a longtime mistress of King Christian V of Denmark and Norway. She was born in Copenhagen, Denmark, on March 28, 1654, one of the eight children and the youngest of the four daughters of Paul Moth and Ida Burenneus. Sophie Amalie’s father, Paul Moth (link in German), was a physician. In 1651, due to some well-placed contacts, Paul Moth received a call to the court of King Frederik III of Denmark and Norway in Copenhagen, Denmark. Shortly thereafter, he became the personal physician of King Frederik III. He also supervised the education of King Frederik III’s heir, Crown Prince Christian, the future King Christian V of Denmark and Norway. Sophie Amalie grew up at the Danish court with her siblings.

King Christian V of Denmark and Norway; Credit – Wikipedia

In 1667, Crown Prince Christian married Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel, and between 1671 and 1687, the couple had seven children. Upon his father’s death in 1670, Crown Prince Christian succeeded him as Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway.  Sophie Amalie’s relationship with King Christian V, arranged by her mother, began shortly after he became king.

Immediately, news of the relationship was spread throughout the Danish court. Although Christian V’s adultery was an embarrassing situation for his wife, Queen Charlotte Amalie always made the most of her position as queen, both in her public life and her private interactions with her husband. Sophie Amalie was also wise enough to treat Queen Charlotte Amalie with respect. She lived discreetly at court and never exerted influence besides asking for favors for relatives, especially her brother Matthias Moth, who took advantage of the connection.

In 1677, Sophie Amalie was recognized as Christian’s official mistress and was created Countess of Samsøe. Between 1672 and 1682, Christian V and Sophie Amalie had six children, all publicly acknowledged. Following the practice of his grandfather and father, Christian also gave his illegitimate children the surname Gyldenløve, which means Golden Love. All the children also had Christian or Christiane among their names in honor of their royal father. The current Danish noble family of the Danneskiold-Samsøe descends from the eldest son of Sophie Amalie and King Christian V.

Christian Gyldenløve, eldest son of Sophie Amalie and Christian V; Credit – Wikipedia

King Christian V and Sophie Amalie had six children:

  • Christiane Gyldenløve (link in Danish) (1672 – 1689), married Count Frederik Ahlefeldt (link in Danish), no children, died at age 17
  • Christian Gyldenløve (1674 – 1703), married (1) Countess Charlotte Amalie of Danneskiold-Samsøe, daughter of an illegitimate son of King Frederik III, had two daughters (2) Dorothea Krag, had two sons
  • Sophie Christiane Gyldenløve (1675 – 1684)
  • Anna Christiane Gyldenløve (1676 – 1689)
  • Ulrik Christian Gyldenløve (1678 – 1719), Danish Navy Admiral and Governor of Iceland
  • A daughter (1682 – 1684)

Sophie Amalie and her children were financially secure because of the funds received from King Christian V. King Christian V was an active participant in the children’s upbringing, education, and marriage negotiations. When his sons by Sophia Amalie reached the age of five or six, they were sent to be raised by King Christian V’s illegitimate half-brother Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve, Count of Laurvig.

Sophie Amalie was able to purchase properties with the funds she had received, ensuring the financial security of Sophie Amalie and her children. In 1682, Sophia Amalie received several properties in Gottorp from Christian V. After the death of naval hero Niels Jue in 1697,  Sophia Amalie was given Thott Mansion, the mansion that Christian V had built for Juel. However, she immediately passed Thott Mansion on to her eldest son Christian Gyldenløve.

Jomfruens Egede; Credit – Af NPSE – Eget arbejde, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=5789075

After the death of King Christian V in 1699, Sophie Amalie left the Danish court and retired to Jomfruens Egede, an estate she had purchased in 1674 in Fakse on the island of Zealand in eastern Denmark. Twenty years later, Sophie Amalie died on January 17, 1719, aged 64, at her home, Jomfruens Egede. She was first buried at the Church of Our Lady in Copenhagen, Denmark. In 1734, Sophia Amalie and her eldest son Christian Gyldenløve were reinterred at Saint Peter’s Church in Copenhagen, Denmark.

St. Peter’s Church in Copenhagen; Credit – By Tanya Dedyukhina, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=56793710

Works Cited

  • Da.wikipedia.org. 2020. Sophie Amalie Moth. [online] Available at: <https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Amalie_Moth> [Accessed 1 May 2020].
  • Dansk kvindebiografisk leksikon. n.d. Sophie Amalie Moth (1654 – 1719). [online] Available at: <https://www.kvinfo.dk/side/597/bio/1457/origin/170/> [Accessed 1 May 2020].
  • De.wikipedia.org. 2020. Sophie Amalie Moth. [online] Available at: <https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Amalie_Moth> [Accessed 1 May 2020].
  • En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Sophie Amalie Moth. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Amalie_Moth> [Accessed 1 May 2020].

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Sophia Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Queen of Denmark and Norway

by Susan Flantzer  © Unofficial Royalty 2020

Sophia Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, Queen of Denmark and Norway; Credit – Wikipedia

Margravine Sophia Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach was the wife of Christian VI, King of Denmark and Norway. She was born at Schloss Schönberg in Lauf an der Pegnitz near the Imperial City of Nuremberg, now in the German state of Bavaria, on November 28, 1700. Sophia Magdalene was the ninth of the fourteen children and the fourth of the seven daughters of Margrave Christian Heinrich of Brandenburg-Kulmbach and Sophie Christiane of Wolfstein.

Sophia Magdalene had thirteen siblings but seven did not survive childhood. Several of her siblings lived in Denmark and/or were appointed to Danish positions once Sophia Magdalena’s husband became King of Denmark and Norway.

Sophia Magdalene’s father Christian Heinrich of Brandenburg-Kulmbach was the father of two reigning Margraves of Brandenburg-Bayreuth and a Queen Consort of Denmark and Norway but never ruled as a sovereign himself. His title of Margrave was a nominal title. Because Christian Heinrich had few resources and was in debt, in 1694 he accepted the invitation of his relative, Georg Friedrich II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, to move in with his family at Schloss Schönberg where Sophia Magdelena was born in 1700.

In 1703, Christian Heinrich signed the Contract of Schönberg. Under the terms of this contract, he renounced his succession rights in Anhalt and Bayreuth in favor of Prussia. Friedrich I, King in Prussia then granted Christian Heinrich the use of Schloss Weferlingen (link in German) now in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt. Four-year-old Sophia Magdalene moved to Schloss Weferlingen with her family. When she was eight years old, Sophia Magdalene’s father died at the age of 47, three months before the birth of his last child.

Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Queen of Poland, Electress of Saxony, who raised Sophia Magdalene; Credit – Wikipedia

After her father’s death, Sophia Magdalene was raised at Pretzsch Castle in Pretzsch, Electorate of Saxony, now in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt, by Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, the wife of Augustus II, King of Poland, Elector of Saxony and Sophie Magdalene’s distant relative.  Christiane Eberhardine’s husband converted to Catholicism to become King of Poland, however, she remained a staunch Lutheran throughout her life. Besides Sophia Magdalene, Christiane Eberhardine took in several other relatives including Sophia Magdalene’s sister Sophie Caroline and Charlotte Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel who married Tsarevich Alexei Petrovich of Russia. the son and heir of Peter I (the Great), Emperor of All Russia.

The future King Christian VI, husband of Sophia Magdalene; Credit – Wikipedia

In 1721, Crown Prince Christian of Denmark and Norway, the son and heir of Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway, was traveling throughout Europe seeking a princess to become his wife. At the court of Augustus II, King of Poland, Elector of Saxony, he fell in love with Sophia Magdalene who was serving as a lady-in-waiting to Queen Christiane Eberhardine. Although Sophia Magdalene came from an insignificant, poor family, King Frederik IV of Denmark granted permission for the couple to marry. Christian and Sophie Magdalene were married on August 7, 1721, at Pretzsch Castle in the Electorate of Saxony, now in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany.

Christian and Sophia Magdalene had one son and two daughters:

Family of Christian VI, 1744, (left to right) Crown Prince Frederik (future Frederik V) King Christian VI; Queen Sophia Magdalene, and Crown Princess Louise (Frederik’s wife); Credit – Wikipedia

Sophia Magdalene’s husband succeeded his father upon his death on October 12, 1730, as Christian VI, King of Denmark and Norway. The coronation of the new King and Queen of Denmark and Norway was held on June 6, 1731, at the Fredensborg Palace Chapel in Fredensborg, Denmark. A new crown was made for Sophia Magdalene because she refused to wear the crown that the despised Queen Anna Sophie, her husband’s stepmother and longtime mistress of King Frederik IV, had worn. The majority of the Danish crown jewels come from Sophia Magdalene’s collection. Sophie Magdalen’s crown and other crown jewels can be seen today at  Rosenborg Castle in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Left: The crown made for Queen Sophia Magdalene; Right: The Crown made for King Christian V, on display at Rosenborg Palace; Photo Credit – Susan Flantzer

Sophia Magdalene never forgot that she came from a poor family and that more fortunate people helped her family. She was responsible for bringing several family members to Denmark. Sophie Magdalen’s mother, Sophie Christiane of Wolfstein, came to Denmark during her daughter’s first pregnancy in 1723 and remained in Denmark, living at Sorgenfri Palace in Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. When she died in 1737, she was buried at Roskilde Cathedral in Roskilde, Denmark, the burial site of the Danish royal family. Two of the Queen’s brothers became Danish admirals. Her widowed sister Sophie Caroline was brought to the Danish court in 1735. In 1737, Sophia Magdalene founded the Vallø Stift (Noble Vallø Foundation for Unmarried Daughters).  The foundation was headed by an abbess from a princely house and Sophia Magdalene appointed her sister Sophie Caroline as the first abbess.

Hirschholm Palace designed by Lauritz de Thurah for King Christian VI & Queen Sophia Magdalene; Credit – Wikipedia

Christian VI, King of Denmark and Norway died at the age of 46 on August 6, 1746, the day before his 25th wedding anniversary, at Hirschholm Palace located in present-day Hørsholm municipality just north of Copenhagen, Denmark. He was buried in Frederik V’s Chapel at Roskilde Cathedral in Roskilde, Denmark.

Sophia Magdalene survived her husband by twenty-four years. She lived for the entire reign of her son King Frederik V and was alive for the first four years of the reign of her grandson King Christian VII. Her summers were spent at Hirschholm Palace and the winters at Christiansborg Palace. Queen Sophia Magdalene, aged 69, died at Christiansborg Castle in Copenhagen, Denmark on May 27, 1770. At her request, she was buried in a simple ceremony in Frederik V’s Chapel at Roskilde Cathedral in Roskilde, Denmark.

Tomb of Queen Sophia Magdalene; Credit – Wikipedia

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Kingdom of Denmark Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Works Cited

  • Da.wikipedia.org. 2020. Sophie Magdalene Af Danmark. [online] Available at: <https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Magdalene_af_Danmark> [Accessed 1 May 2020].
  • De.wikipedia.org. 2020. Sophie Magdalene Von Dänemark. [online] Available at: <https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Magdalene_von_D%C3%A4nemark> [Accessed 1 May 2020].
  • En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Sophie Magdalene Of Brandenburg-Kulmbach. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Magdalene_of_Brandenburg-Kulmbach> [Accessed 1 May 2020].
  • Sv.wikipedia.org. 2020. Sofia Magdalena Av Danmark. [online] Available at: <https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofia_Magdalena_av_Danmark> [Accessed 1 May 2020].

Christian VI, King of Denmark and Norway

by Susan Flantzer  © Unofficial Royalty 2020

Christian VI, King of Denmark and Norway; Credit – Wikipedia

Christian VI, King of Denmark and Norway was born on November 30, 1699, at Copenhagen Castle in Copenhagen Denmark. He was the second of the five children and the second but the only surviving of the four sons of Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway and Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow.

Christian VI had three brothers and one sister but only his sister survived infancy:

  • Christian of Denmark and Norway (1697 – 1698), died in infancy
  • Frederik Carl of Denmark and Norway (1701 – 1702), died in infancy
  • Jørgen of Denmark and Norway (1703 – 1704), died in infancy
  • Charlotte Amalie of Denmark and Norway (1706 – 1782), unmarried

Christian had more of a Germanic upbringing than a Danish one which was not unusual as the language of the Danish royal court at that time was German. He could understand Danish but spoke and wrote in German. It was not until the time of his daughter-in-law, Louisa of Great Britain who learned Danish and insisted that her children learn Danish, that the native language of Denmark regained a foothold at court.

Christian’s mother Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow had been brought up as an adherent to Pietism, a movement that originated in the Lutheran Church in the 17th century in Germany that stressed personal piety over religious formality and orthodoxy. Christian followed his mother’s religious views. The adultery and bigamy of his father Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway, and the effect it had upon his mother deeply affected and disturbed Christian.

In 1699, the year of Christian’s birth, King Frederik IV began a relationship with Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg, lady-in-waiting to his unmarried sister Sophia Hedwig. In 1703, without divorcing his wife Louise, Frederik made a bigamous marriage to Elisabeth. After Elisabeth died in 1704 due to childbirth complications giving birth to a son who lived only nine months, Frederik gave her an elaborate funeral.

After Elisabeth’s death, Frederik began an affair with her lady-in-waiting, Charlotte Helene von Schindel. In 1709, Frederik wanted to make another bigamous marriage but received strong opposition from the church leaders who told him that the law against bigamy also applied to kings. Charlotte and Frederik had a daughter in 1710 who died in infancy.

After losing interest in Charlotte Helene von Schindel in 1711, Frederik IV fell in love with 19-year-old Anna Sophie Reventlow, daughter of Grand-Chancellor Conrad Reventlow who held a position similar to Prime Minister. In 1712, Frederik abducted Anna Sophia from her parents’ home and took her to Skanderborg Castle where they were married bigamously while Queen Louise was still alive.

After the death of Queen Louise in 1721, King Frederik IV and Anna Sophie Reventlow married again in a second formal wedding conducted with great ceremony. Although the marriage was still scandalous, it was not declared morganatic and Anna Sophie was crowned Queen of Denmark and Norway less than a month after Queen Louise’s death. Anna Sophie and King Frederick IV had six children. Three were born before the legal marriage in 1721 but none survived. The three children born after the 1721 marriage were styled as Prince/Princess of Denmark and Norway but none survived infancy. The deaths of the six children were seen by many as divine punishment for the bigamy of Frederik IV and Anna Sophie. Christian distanced himself from his father and he came to detest his stepmother.

Sophia Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach; Credit – Wikipedia

Christian’s father allowed him to choose his wife. Accompanied by Count Ulrik Adolf von Holstein of Holsteinsborg, the husband of Anna Sophie’s half-sister, Christian traveled through the courts of Europe seeking a princess to become his wife. At the court of Augustus II, King of Poland, Elector of Saxony, he fell in love with Margravine Sophia Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, a lady-in-waiting to Augustus II’s wife Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth. She was the daughter of Christian Heinrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach and Countess Sophie Christiane of Wolfstein.  Although Sophia Magdalene came from an insignificant, poor family, King Frederik IV granted permission for the couple to marry. Christian and Sophie Magdalene were married on August 7, 1721, at Pretzsch Castle (link in German), the site of the court of Augustus II, King of Poland, Elector of Saxony, then in Pretzsch, Electorate of Saxony, now in the German state of Saxony-Anhalt.

Christian and Sophia Magdalene had one son and two daughters:

Family of Christian VI, 1744, (left to right) Crown Prince Frederik (future Frederik V) King Christian VI; Queen Sophia Magdalene, and Crown Princess Louise (Frederik’s wife); Credit – Wikipedia

Christian became King of Denmark and Norway upon the death of his father Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway on October 12, 1730. Frederik IV was buried at Roskilde Cathedral, the traditional burial place for the Danish royal family, a tomb adjacent to the tomb of his first wife, Christian’s mother, Queen Louise.

The Coronation of King Christian VI and Queen Sophia Magdalene; Credit – Wikipedia

In 1725, King Frederik IV made an addition to his will that guaranteed Anna Sophie’s rights as Queen Dowager after his death and made his son Crown Prince Christian sign it. However, once he became King of Denmark and Norway, Christian VI did not follow the instructions in his father’s will. Christian VI’s opinion was that his stepmother Anna Sophie had taken advantage of his father during his ill health and had caused his family pain and suffering during the years of her open adultery.

Anna Sophie Reventlow, Christian’s stepmother; Credit – Wikipedia

Christian VI granted Anna Sophie an allowance, confiscated her property, and banished her to Clausholm Castle, her family home. She was allowed to be styled Queen Anna Sophie but not Queen Anna Sophie of Denmark and Norway or Queen Dowager. Anna Sophie spent the remainder of her life under house arrest at Clausholm Castle and was never granted permission to leave. When Anna Sophie died in 1743, Christian VI allowed her to be buried at Roskilde Cathedral but in the Trolle Chapel, on the opposite side of the cathedral, far away from his parents’ tombs. Her three children, born after her 1721 marriage, were also re-buried in the Trolle Chapel on Christian VI’s orders.

Christian VI is known as a religious ruler and remained devoted to Pietism. His court was considered dull. Only religious music was played and dancing was not allowed. Christian was shy, anxious about responsibility and decisions, and uncomfortable about his ceremonial obligations as the king. He never traveled except for one trip to Norway in 1733.

The first Christiansborg Palace; Credit – Wikipedia

In 1744, on the site of Copenhagen Castle, Christian VI built a namesake palace, the first Christiansborg Palace as his new main residence. The palace was nearly completely destroyed by a fire in 1794. A second Christiansborg Palace was built on the site but was also destroyed by a fire in 1884. A third Christiansborg Palace was built in the early 20th century and today it houses the Danish Parliament, the Supreme Court, and the Prime Minister’s Office. Other places named after King Christian VI include Christian’s Church in Copenhagen, the town of Christiansted on the island of Saint Croix in the United States Virgin Islands, formerly the Danish West Indies, and Fort Christiansværn also on Saint Croix.

Christian VI, King of Denmark and Norway died at the age of 46 on August 6, 1746, at Hirschholm Palace in present-day Hørsholm municipality just north of Copenhagen, Denmark. He was buried in Frederik V’s Chapel at Roskilde Cathedral in Roskilde, Denmark. His wife Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach survived him by 24 years, dying in 1770 at the age of 69.

Tomb of King Christian VI; Photo by Susan Flantzer

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Kingdom of Denmark Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Works Cited

  • Da.wikipedia.org. 2020. Christian 6.. [online] Available at: <https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_6> [Accessed 30 April 2020].
  • De.wikipedia.org. 2020. Christian VI. (Dänemark Und Norwegen). [online] Available at: <https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_VI._(D%C3%A4nemark_und_Norwegen)> [Accessed 30 April 2020].
  • En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Christian VI Of Denmark. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_VI_of_Denmark> [Accessed 30 April 2020].
  • Sv.wikipedia.org. 2020. Kristian VI Av Danmark. [online] Available at: <https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristian_VI_av_Danmark> [Accessed 30 April 2020].

Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Queen of Denmark and Norway

by Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2020

Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Queen of Denmark and Norway; Credit – Wikipedia

Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow was the first wife of Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway, who made two bigamous marriages during Louise’s lifetime. She was born on August 28, 1667, in Güstrow, then in the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, now in the German state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Louise was the ninth of the eleven children and the sixth of the eight daughters of Gustav Adolf, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Magdalene Sibylle of Holstein-Gottorp. Louise’s father was the last Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow. Gustav Adolf survived his two sons and upon his death, there was an inheritance dispute that eventually led to the creation of the Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

Louise had eight older siblings and two younger siblings:

Güstrow Castle, Louise’s childhood home; Credit – Wikipedia

Louise grew up at her father’s modest court at Güstrow Castle. Her parents were adherents to Pietism, a movement that originated in the Lutheran Church in the 17th century in Germany that stressed personal piety over religious formality and orthodoxy. Louise met her future husband Crown Prince Frederik of Denmark and Norway, son of Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway and Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel when he was looking for a wife at German Protestant courts. Frederik was instructed by his father to ask his aunt Anna Sophia of Denmark and Norway, Electress of Saxony for advice. Anna Sophia advised Frederik to marry Louise. Frederik was already partial to Louise and readily agreed. Like Frederik, Louise was a great-great-grandchild of King Frederik II of Denmark and Norway. On December 5, 1695, their wedding took place at Copenhagen Castle in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway; Credit – Wikipedia

Louise and Frederik had four sons and one daughter. Sadly, three sons died in infancy.

Frederik’s father King Christian V died on August 25, 1699, due to the after-effects of a hunting accident, ten months after he had suffered very severe injuries from being kicked by a deer. Frederik acceded to the Danish throne as King Frederik IV. Frederik and Louise were anointed King and Queen of Denmark and Norway on April 15, 1700, at the Frederiksborg Castle Chapel.

Queen Louise; Credit – Wikipedia

Growing up with parents who strictly adhered to Pietism, it was no surprise that Louise was very religious throughout her life. Her main interest was reading religious books and her 400-book collection, consisting largely of German ascetic writings, went to the Royal Library after her death. As dower properties, Louise owned Hirschholm Palace and the estates Rungstedgård and Ebberødgård, all near Copenhagen. In 1704, Louise built a gunpowder mill that was in operation until 1910.

Louise found it difficult to endure her husband’s infidelities and even worse, his two bigamous marriages. At times, Louise reproached her husband which often led to embarrassing situations at the court. It is suspected that Louise’s deep religiousness was also an escape from her disappointing marriage. Louise took part in the official court life and fulfilled her ceremonial duties. Otherwise, she led a withdrawn and quiet life.

In 1699, King Frederik IV began a relationship with Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg, a lady-in-waiting to his unmarried sister Sophia Hedwig. In 1703, without divorcing his wife Louise, Frederik made a bigamous marriage to Elisabeth. After Elisabeth died in 1704 due to childbirth complications giving birth to a son who lived only nine months, Frederik gave her an elaborate funeral.

After the death of Elisabeth, Frederik began an affair with her lady-in-waiting, Charlotte Helene von Schindel. In 1709, Frederik wanted to again make a bigamous marriage but received strong opposition from the church leaders who told him that the law against bigamy also applied to kings. Charlotte and Frederik had a daughter in 1710 who died in infancy.

After losing interest in Charlotte Helene von Schindel in 1711, Frederik then fell in love with 19-year-old Anna Sophie Reventlow, daughter of Grand-Chancellor Conrad Reventlow who held a position similar to Prime Minister. In 1712, Frederik abducted her from her parents’ home and took her to Skanderborg Castle where they were married bigamously while Louise was still alive.

Queen Louise died on March 15, 1721, aged 53, at Charlottenborg Palace in Copenhagen, Denmark. She was buried at Roskilde Cathedral in Roskilde, Denmark.

Tomb of Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow; Photo by Susan Flantzer

After the death of Louise, King Frederik IV and Anna Sophie Reventlow were married in a second formal wedding conducted with great ceremony. Although the marriage was still scandalous, it was not declared morganatic and Anna Sophie was crowned Queen of Denmark and Norway less than a month after Louise’s death. Anna Sophie and King Frederick IV had six children. Three were born before the legal marriage in 1721 but none survived. This was seen by many as divine punishment for their bigamy. The three children born after the 1721 marriage were styled as Prince/Princess of Denmark but none of them survived infancy either. Anna Sophie was hated by Frederik’s two surviving children from his first marriage.

Upon Frederik IV’s death, his son and successor King Christian VI banished Anna Sophie from the court and kept her under house arrest at Clausholm Castle, her family home. When Anna Sophie died in 1743, King Christian VI allowed her to be buried at Roskilde Cathedral but in the Trolle Chapel, on the opposite side of the cathedral, far away from his parents’ tombs – so Louise got some revenge in death.

Kingdom of Denmark Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Works Cited

  • Da.wikipedia.org. 2020. Louise Af Mecklenburg-Güstrow. [online] Available at: <https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_af_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow> [Accessed 29 April 2020].
  • De.wikipedia.org. 2020. Louise Zu Mecklenburg. [online] Available at: <https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_zu_Mecklenburg> [Accessed 29 April 2020].
  • En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Louise Of Mecklenburg-Güstrow. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louise_of_Mecklenburg-G%C3%BCstrow> [Accessed 29 April 2020].

Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway

by Susan Flantzer  © Unofficial Royalty 2020

Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway; Credit – Wikipedia

Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway is known for having two bigamous marriages. He was the eldest of the four sons and the eldest of the seven children of Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway and Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel. He was born on October 11, 1671, at Copenhagen Castle in Copenhagen, Denmark. Frederik was the Crown Prince of Denmark from birth.

Frederik had six younger siblings:

King Christian V with his eldest son Frederik and his other sons Christian and Carl; Credit – Wikipedia

From his father’s 30-year affair with Sophie Amalie Moth, Frederik had six half-siblings who were all raised at court:

Frederik as Crown Prince of Denmark; Credit – Wikipedia

When it came time for Frederik to marry, his father decided that he should follow the family tradition and marry a German princess. He visited many Protestant northern German courts and was instructed by his father to ask his aunt Anna Sophia of Denmark and Norway, Electress of Saxony for advice. Anna Sophia advised Frederik to marry Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow. Frederik was partial to Louise and readily agreed. Louise was the daughter of Duke Gustav Adolph of Mecklenburg-Güstrow and Magdalene Sibylle of Holstein-Gottorp. Like Frederik, Louise was a great-great-grandchild of King Frederik II of Denmark and Norway. On December 5, 1695, their wedding took place at Copenhagen Castle in Copenhagen, Denmark.

Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow; Credit – Wikipedia

Frederik and Louise had four sons and one daughter. Sadly, three sons died in infancy.

King Christian V died on August 25, 1699, due to the after-effects of a hunting accident, ten months after he had suffered very severe injuries from being kicked by a deer. His son Frederik acceded to the Danish throne as King Frederik IV. Frederik and his wife were anointed King and Queen of Denmark and Norway on April 15, 1700, at the Frederiksborg Palace Chapel in Hillerød, Denmark.

Despite having inadequate training, Frederik was a fairly successful ruler. He selected his advisors carefully and held audiences in which ordinary people could speak to him and present letters with complaints or requests. However, Frederik was not very familiar with the Danish language, which he only used on state occasions. He usually spoke and wrote in German and French. For a good part of Frederik IV’s reign, Denmark, Russia, and Saxony were engaged in the Great Northern War (1700 – 1721) against Sweden. Frederik did not achieve his main goal to regain the former eastern Danish provinces lost to Sweden in the 17th century. Denmark also had to return Holstein-Gottorp to its duke.

Fredensborg Palace; Credit – By Glån – https://www.flickr.com/photos/84554176@N00/5251098650/sizes/o/in/photostream/, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12668133

Frederik IV was interested in Italian architecture and traveled to Italy several times and had two palaces built in the Italian Baroque style. Frederiksberg Palace, located in Frederiksberg, close to Copenhagen, was built 1699 – 1735 and served as the Danish royal family’s summer residence until the mid-19th century. It was vacant for several years but since 1869, it has been the home of the Royal Danish Military Academy. Fredensborg Palace built 1720 – 1726, is located on Lake Esrum in Fredensborg on the island of Zealand in Denmark. Today, it is the Danish royal family’s spring and autumn residence and is often the site of state visits and family events in the Danish royal family.

Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg; Credit – Wikipedia

In 1699, Frederik began a relationship with Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg, a lady-in-waiting to his unmarried sister Sophia Hedwig. In 1703, without divorcing his wife Louise, Frederik made a bigamous marriage to Elisabeth. After Elisabeth died in 1704 due to childbirth complications giving birth to a son Frederik Gyldenløve, Frederik IV gave her an elaborate funeral. Little Frederik Gyldenløve lived for only nine months.

After Elisabeth died, Frederik began an affair with her lady-in-waiting, Charlotte Helene von Schindel. In 1709, Frederik again wanted to marry bigamously but received strong opposition from the church which told him that the law against bigamy also applied to kings. Charlotte and Frederik had a daughter in 1710 who died in infancy.

After losing interest in Charlotte Helene von Schindel in 1711, Frederik fell in love with 19-year-old Anna Sophie Reventlow, daughter of Grand-Chancellor Conrad Reventlow who held a position similar to Prime Minister. In 1712, Frederik abducted her from her parents’ home and took her to Skanderborg Castle where they were married bigamously as Frederik’s wife Queen Louise was still alive. The adultery and bigamy of Frederik IV and the effect it had upon Queen Louise deeply affected and disturbed Crown Prince Christian. Christian distanced himself from his father and he came to detest Anna Sophie.

After Queen Louise died on March 15, 1721, Frederik and Anna Sophie were married in a second formal wedding conducted with great ceremony on April 4, 1721. Although the marriage was still scandalous, it was not declared morganatic and Anna Sophie was crowned Queen of Denmark at Frederiksberg Palace in May 1721.

Anna Sophie Reventlow; Credit – Wikipedia

Anna Sophie Reventlow and King Frederick IV had six children. Three were born before the legal marriage in 1721 but none survived. This was seen by many as divine punishment for their bigamy. The three children born after the 1721 marriage were styled as Prince/Princess of Denmark but none of them survived infancy either.

  • Frederika Sophie Reventlow (born and died before1721), died in infancy
  • Frederica Conradine Reventlow (born and before 1721), died in infancy
  • Stillborn (before 1721)
  • Princess Christiana Amalia (1723 – 1724), died in infancy
  • Prince Frederik Christian (1726 – 1727), died in infancy
  • Prince Karl (1728 – 1729), died in infancy

Toward the end of his life, Frederik IV suffered from edema, then called dropsy. He died on October 12, 1730, the day after his 59th birthday, at Odense Palace in the city of Odense on the Danish island of Funen. Frederik IV was buried at Roskilde Cathedral, the traditional burial place for the Danish royal family, in Roskilde Cathedral in Roskilde, Denmark.

King Frederik IV’s tomb; Credit – Wikipedia

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Kingdom of Denmark Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Works Cited

  • Da.wikipedia.org. 2020. Frederik 4.. [online] Available at: <https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederik_4.> [Accessed 29 April 2020].
  • De.wikipedia.org. 2020. Friedrich IV. (Dänemark Und Norwegen). [online] Available at: <https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_IV._(D%C3%A4nemark_und_Norwegen)> [Accessed 29 April 2020].
  • En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Frederick IV Of Denmark. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_IV_of_Denmark> [Accessed 29 April 2020].

Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel, Queen of Denmark and Norway

by Susan Flantzer  © Unofficial Royalty 2020

Queen Charlotte Amalie with one of her children circa 1675; Credit – Wikipedia

Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel was the wife of Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway. During Christian V’s reign, colonies were established in the Caribbean. The islands of Saint Thomas, Saint John, Saint Croix, and Water Island were originally a Danish colony, the Danish West Indies.  The city of Charlotte Amalie, on the island of St. Thomas, was named after Christian V’s wife. Denmark sold the islands to the United States in 1917, and now they are known as the United States Virgin Islands, and Charlotte Amalie is the capital.

Born on April 27, 1650, in Kassel, Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, now in the German state of Hesse, Charlotte Amalie was the eldest of the seven children and the eldest of the three daughters of Wilhelm VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Hedwig Sophia of Brandenburg.

Charlotte Amalie had six younger siblings:

Charlotte Amalie  circa 1667; Credit – Wikipedia

Unlike many other German royals of the time who were Lutheran, Charlotte Amalie’s parents followed Reformed Christianity, which adhered to the teachings of John Calvin. Charlotte Amalie was a strict adherent to Reformed Christianity her whole life. She was well-educated in French, Italian, geography, history, and philosophy, and was interested in physics and pharmacy.

Charlotte Amalie’s husband King Christian V of Denmark, circa 1675; Credit – Wikipedia

On June 25, 1667, at Nykøbing Castle in Falster, Denmark, 17-year-old Charlotte Amalie married 21-year-old Crown Prince Christian of Denmark, the son of Frederik III, King of Denmark and Norway and Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg. Charlotte Amalie is the only post-Reformation Danish queen who was not Lutheran or did not convert to the Lutheran religion. Because of her strict adherence to Reformed Christianity, the marriage contract stated that she was allowed to keep her religion and that she was allowed to hold services in an enclosed room with her own Reformed minister.

The couple had seven children:

Christian V with his eldest son Frederik and his other sons Christian and Carl; Credit – Wikipedia

Charlotte Amalie’s husband succeeded his father in 1670 as Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway. Christian was anointed at Frederiksborg Palace Chapel on June 7, 1671, but Charlotte Amalie did not participate because it violated her religious beliefs.

Double portrait of Christian V and Charlotte Amalie; Credit – Wikipedia

Charlotte Amalie’s relationship with her husband cannot be described as a love affair but rather a mutual, respected friendship. In 1672, King Christian V began a long-term affair with 16-year-old Sophie Amalie Moth. Sophie Amalie, the daughter of King Frederik III’s doctor, Paul Moth, had grown up at court with her siblings, so she and Christian were well acquainted. Christian had five children with Sophie Amalie, whom he publicly acknowledged. In 1677, Sophie Amalie was recognized as Christian’s official mistress and was created Countess of Samsø. Although Christian V’s public adultery caused an embarrassing situation for Charlotte Amalie, she always made the most of her position as queen, both in her public life as well as in her private interactions with her husband.

During her tenure as Queen, Charlotte Amalie worked for the rights of those who practiced Reform Christianity, especially for displaced Huguenots from France who had settled in Denmark. In 1685, Christian V issued orders for a certain degree of religious freedom for religious refugees. In 1689, the first Reformed Church in Denmark was consecrated in Copenhagen, and Charlotte Amalie was instrumental in its planning and funding. The church had a burial crypt, residences for the ministers, and later, two schools. Although Charlotte Amalie was deeply devoted to her faith, her view on religion was a Protestant ecumenical one, and she corresponded with Protestants of different churches.

Charlottenborg Palace by Jacob Coning, 1694; Credit – Wikipedia

King Christian V died in 1699 and was succeeded by his son, King Frederik IV. Charlotte Amalie allowed her daughter-in-law, Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, to take her rightful place as Queen. Charlotte Amalie kept a separate court and during the winter lived at Charlottenborg Palace, which is named after her, and then during the summer, she lived at Nykøbing Castle. She owned several estates and became quite wealthy from their income. In 1703, when her son Frederik IV made a bigamous marriage by marrying his mistress Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg while his wife was still living, Charlotte Amalie was deeply grieved by his behavior but never expressed her great displeasure to her son.

On March 27, 1714, Charlotte Amalie, Queen of Denmark and Norway, aged 63, died of scarlet fever after being ill for six days at Charlottenborg Palace in Copenhagen, Denmark. She was buried in a baroque marble tomb designed by Christoph Sturmberg next to King Christian V’s tomb in the nave of Roskilde Cathedral, the traditional burial place of the Danish royal family, in Roskilde, Denmark.

Tomb of Charlotte Amalie in Roskilde Cathedral; Photo Credit – Susan Flantzer

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Kingdom of Denmark Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Works Cited

  • Da.wikipedia.org. 2020. Charlotte Amalie Af Hessen-Kassel. [online] Available at: <https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Amalie_af_Hessen-Kassel> [Accessed 29 April 2020].
  • De.wikipedia.org. 2020. Charlotte Amalie Von Hessen-Kassel. [online] Available at: <https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Amalie_von_Hessen-Kassel> [Accessed 29 April 2020].
  • En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Charlotte Amalie Of Hesse-Kassel. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_Amalie_of_Hesse-Kassel> [Accessed 29 April 2020].

Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway

by Susan Flantzer  © Unofficial Royalty 2020

Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway; Credit – Wikipedia

King Christian V of Denmark and Norway was born on April 15, 1646, at Duborg Castle (link in Danish) in Flensburg, Duchy of Schleswig, now in the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. He was the eldest of the seven children and the eldest of the three sons of Frederik III, King of Denmark and Norway and Sophie Amalie of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

Christian had seven siblings. His brother George (Jørgen) married Queen Anne of Great Britain, and his sister Ulrika Eleonora married King Carl XI of Sweden.

As a teenager, Christian went on a Grand Tour of Europe, visiting Holland, England, France, and various German monarchies. In 1663, soon after his return, he became involved in government affairs as preparation for his future duties as king. In 1665, a hereditary, absolute monarchy was confirmed by law.

Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel; Credit – Wikipedia

On June 25, 1667, at Nykøbing Castle in Falster, Denmark, Christian married Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel, the daughter of Wilhelm VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel and Hedwig Sophia of Brandenburg.

King Christian V with his eldest son Frederik and his other sons Christian and Carl; Credit – Wikipedia

Christian and Charlotte Amalie had seven children:

The anointing of Christian V in the palace chapel of Frederiksborg Castle; Credit – Wikipedia

Upon his father’s death in 1670, Christian succeeded him as Christian V, King of Denmark and Norway. Christian was anointed at Frederiksborg Castle Church on June 7, 1671. During the time of the elected monarchs, the clergy and nobility placed the crown on the king’s head at the coronation ceremony. After the introduction of the absolute monarchy, the crowning was replaced by anointing. The king arrived at the church wearing the crown and was consecrated by being anointed with oil. The regalia used at Christian V’s anointing, except for a new crown, had been made for the crowning of Christian V’s father.

Crown of King Christian V (on the right) and the Queen’s Crown made in 1731 (on the left); Credit – Susan Flantzer

A magnificent throne chair had been constructed during his father’s reign, ready for Christian V’s use. The throne chair was used at anointings between 1671 and 1840. Danish monarchs were no longer anointed after the absolute monarchy was replaced by a constitutional monarchy in 1849. The throne chair and regalia are now on display at Rosenborg Castle in Copenhagen. However, Christian V’s crown and the regalia are still displayed on the Danish monarch’s coffin while lying in state.

Throne Chair of Denmark; Credit – Wikipedia by Sven Rosborn

Shortly after Christian became king, 16-year-old Sophie Amalie Moth became his mistress. Sophie Amalie, the daughter of King Frederik III’s doctor, Paul Moth, had grown up at court with her siblings. In 1677, she was recognized as Christian’s official mistress and was created Countess of Samsø. Christian and Sophie Amalie had six children, all publicly acknowledged. Following the practice of his grandfather and father, Christian also gave his illegitimate children the surname Gyldenløve, which means Golden Love.

Sophie Amalie Moth, Christian V’s mistress; Credit – Wikipedia

Christian’s major disappointment was his unsuccessful attempt in the Scanian War to regain Skåne, Halland, and Blekinge, annexed by Sweden during his father’s reign. Christian introduced the 1683 Danish Code (Danske Lov), the first law code for all of Denmark. He also introduced a similar 1687 Norwegian Code (Norske Lov) to replace Christian IV’s 1604 Norwegian Code in Norway. During Christian’s reign, colonies were established in Africa and the Caribbean as part of the Danish triangle trade. Charlotte Amalie, on the island of St. Thomas, the capital and the largest city in the United States Virgin Islands, was named after Christian V’s wife.

Christian V died from the after-effects of a hunting accident that occurred on October 19, 1698. Christian was hunting with his two surviving sons and his half-brother. While taking a break, they received the news that the hunting dogs had exhausted and surrounded a deer. Christian immediately left to give the deer the death blow. Instead, he missed and the deer kicked him. The injuries were severe and Christian never recovered, dying on August 25, 1699, aged 53, at Copenhagen Castle in Copenhagen, Denmark. He was buried in the Chancel at Roskilde Cathedral in Roskilde, Denmark.

Tomb of King Christian V; Credit – Susan Flantzer

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Kingdom of Denmark Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Works Cited

  • Da.wikipedia.org. 2020. Christian 5.. [online] Available at: <https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_5.> [Accessed 29 April 2020].
  • De.wikipedia.org. 2020. Christian V. (Dänemark Und Norwegen). [online] Available at: <https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_V._(D%C3%A4nemark_und_Norwegen)> [Accessed 29 April 2020].
  • En.wikipedia.org. 2020. Christian V Of Denmark. [online] Available at: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_V_of_Denmark> [Accessed 29 April 2020].

King Christian IX of Denmark: Children, Grandchildren, Great-Grandchildren and Notable Descendants

by Susan Flantzer © Unofficial Royalty 2019

King Christian IX with his family in the Garden Hall of Fredensborg Palace in 1883 by Laurits Tuxen; Credit – Wikipedia

King Christian IX of Denmark and Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel had six children and 39 grandchildren. Their grandchildren sat upon the thrones of Denmark, Greece, Norway, Russia, and the United Kingdom. They are the ancestors of six of the ten current European monarchs: King Philippe of Belgium, King Frederik X of Denmark, Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, King Harald V of Norway, King Felipe VI of Spain, King Charles III of the United Kingdom, and two former monarchs, the late King Michael of Romania and the late King Constantine II of Greece. See Wikipedia: Monarchs descended from King Christian IX.

King Christian IX and his family in 1862 (Front: Dagmar, Valdemar, Queen Louise, Thyra, Alexandra; Back: Frederik, King Christian, Vilhelm); Credit – Wikipedia

However, King Christian IX of Denmark was not born destined to be a king. King Christian IX was born a German prince, the sixth child and fourth son of Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel, on April 8, 1818, at Gottorp Castle near the town of Schleswig in the Duchy of Schleswig, now in Germany.

Christian married his second cousin Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel, the daughter of Prince Wilhelm of Hesse-Kassel and Princess Charlotte of Denmark. Both Christian and Louise were great-grandchildren of King Frederik V of Denmark. Their descent from King Frederik V are below.

King Frederik V of Denmark married Princess Louisa of Great Britain (1st wife) → Princess Louise of Denmark married Prince Charles of Hesse-Kassel → Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel married Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg → King Christian IX of Denmark

King Frederik V of Denmark married Duchess Juliana Maria of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (2nd wife) → Frederik, Hereditary Prince of Denmark married Duchess Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin → Princess Charlotte of Denmark married Prince Wilhelm of Hesse-Kassel → Louise of Hesse-Kassel

So how did Christian become King of Denmark? When King Christian VIII, the son of Frederik, Hereditary Prince of Denmark, died in 1848, he was succeeded by his son, King Frederik VII, who had married three times but had no children, resulting in a succession crisis. Louise, Christian IX’s wife, had lived in Denmark from the time she was three years old. She was a niece of King Christian VIII of Denmark and a closer heir than her husband. Women could inherit the Danish throne only if there were no male heirs (Semi-Salic Law), and Louise and her mother Charlotte of Denmark rescinded their succession rights to Christian, Louise’s husband, in 1851. The Act of Succession of 1853 officially made Christian the heir of King Frederik VII, and he became king in 1863 when King Frederik VII died.

Christian IX and his wife Louise were as much the “Grandparents of Europe” as were Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Christian and Louise had 39 grandchildren, and their grandsons included Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia, King Constantine I of Greece, King George V of the United Kingdom, King Christian X of Denmark, and King Haakon VII of Norway. Over the years, numerous large family reunions were held at Fredensborg Palace in Denmark with children, in-laws, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren.

A story has been told about King Christian IX. Whether it is true or not, it illustrates his relationship with other European monarchies:

One day, Christian IX and his son Vilhelm (George I of Greece) and the husbands of two of his daughters (Alexander III of Russia and the Prince of Wales, the future Edward VII of the United Kingdom) went for a walk. They encountered a country gentleman who wondered who they were, thinking they were guests of some local squire. “I am your king,” explained Christian. “This is my son, the King of Greece, and this is my son-in-law, the Emperor of Russia, and my other son-in-law, the Prince of Wales.” The man was not impressed and said, “All right, I’ll tell you who I am. I am Jesus Christ!”

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King Christian IX’s children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren are listed below. In addition, notable great-great-grandchildren and great-great-great-grandchildren are also included.  Monarchs and consorts from former monarchies and current monarchies, along with current heirs, who are King Christian’s descendants, are in bold. The links below are either from Unofficial Royalty or Wikipedia. Not all people have Wikipedia links.

Frederik VIII and his wife with their four eldest children by Elfelt, bromide postcard print, (circa 1877), NPG x74398 © National Portrait Gallery, London

1) King Frederik VIII of Denmark (1843-1912) married (1869) Princess Louise of Sweden (1851-1926), had four sons and four daughters

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Embed from Getty Images 
Alexandra and her husband with their children, circa 1880

2) Princess Alexandra of Denmark (1844 – 1925) married (1863) King Edward VII of the United Kingdom (1841 – 1910), had three sons and three daughters

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King George and Queen Olga with six of their children, circa 1890; Credit – Wikipedia

3) Prince Vilhelm of Denmark, later King George I of Greece (1845–1913) married (1867) Grand Duchess Olga Konstantinovna of Russia (1851-1926), had five sons and three daughters

Male-line descendants below of King Christian IX of Denmark, who also held the title Prince or Princess of Greece, also held the title of Prince or Princess of Denmark and are traditionally referred to as Prince or Princess of Greece and Denmark.

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Empress Maria Feodorovna and her husband with their five surviving children; Credit – Wikipedia

4) Princess Dagmar of Denmark, Maria Feodorovna, Empress of All Russia (1847-1928), married (1866) Alexander III, Emperor of All Russia (1845–1894), had four sons and two daughters

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Thyra and her husband with their six children; Credit – Wikipedia

5) Princess Thyra of Denmark (1853–1933), married (1878) Crown Prince Ernst August of Hanover, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale (1845-1923), had three sons and three daughters

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Valdemar and his wife with their five children; Credit – Wikipedia

6) Prince Valdemar of Denmark (1858-1939) married (1885) Princess Marie of Orléans (1865-1909), had four sons and one daughter

  • Prince Aage, Count of Rosenborg (1887-1940), born Prince Aage of Denmark, after marrying without the monarch’s consent, he lost his succession rights and his royal style and the title Prince of Denmark, married (1914) Matilda Calvi Dei Conti di Bergolo (1885-1949), had one son, divorced
    • Valdemar, Count of Rosenborg (1915-1995) married (1949) Baroness Floria d’Huart Saint-Mauris (1925-1995), no children
  • Prince Axel of Denmark (1888-1964), married (1919) Princess Margaretha of Sweden (1899-1977), had two sons
    • Prince George Valdemar of Denmark (1920-1986), married (1950) Anne Bowes-Lyon (maternal first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, no children
    •  Count Flemming Valdemar of Rosenborg (1922-2002), born Prince Flemming Valdemar of Denmark, after marrying without the monarch’s consent, he lost his succession rights and his royal style and title, married (1949) Alice Nielson (1924-2010), had three sons and one daughter
  • Prince Erik, Count of Rosenborg (1890-1950), born Prince Erik of Denmark, after making an unequal marriage, he lost his succession rights and the title Prince of Denmark, he did retain his style His Highness, married (1924) Lois Frances Booth (1897-1941), had one son and one daughter, divorced
    • Countess Alexandra  of Rosenborg (1927-1992) married (1951) Ivar Emil Vind-Röj (1921-1977), had one daughter and two sons
    • Count Christian of Rosenborg (1932-1997), married (1962) Karin Lüttichau, had one son and one daughter
  • Prince Viggo, Count of Rosenborg (1893-1970), born Prince Viggo of Denmark, after marrying without the consent of the monarch, he lost his succession rights and his royal style and the title Prince of Denmark, married (1924) Eleonor Green (1895-1966), no children
  • Princess Margrethe of Denmark (1895-1992) married (1921) Prince René of Bourbon-Parma (1894-1962), had three sons and one daughter
    • Prince Jacques of Bourbon-Parma (1922-1964) married (1947) Birgitte von Holstein-Ledreborg, Countess of Holstein-Ledreborg, had  three children
    • Princess Anne of Bourbon-Parma (1923-2016) married (1948) former King Michael I of Romania (1921-2017), had five daughters
    • Prince Michel of Bourbon-Parma (1926-2018) married (1) (1951) Princess Yolande de Broglie-Revel, had three daughters and two sons, divorced; married (2) (2003) Princess Maria Pia of Savoy, no children
    • Prince André of Bourbon-Parma (1928-2011) married (1960) Marina Gacry, had  three children

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First Cousins: Queen Margrethe II of Denmark

by Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2019

Credit – http://kongehuset.dk/english – photographer: Jacob Jørgensen

Queen Margrethe II of Denmark (born 1940)

(All photos credits – Wikipedia unless otherwise noted)

Queen Margrethe II of Denmark was born on April 16, 1940, at Amalienborg Palace in Copenhagen, Denmark. She was the eldest daughter of the three daughters of King Frederik IX of Denmark and Princess Ingrid of Sweden. Her paternal grandparents were King Christian X of Denmark and Duchess Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Her maternal grandparents were King Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden and his first wife Princess Margaret of Connaught, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, who died before her husband became king. Queen Margrethe married Henri de Laborde de Monpezat and had two sons.

Margrethe has nine genetic first cousins and two first cousins by adoption. She shares her first cousins with her siblings Princess Benedikte of Denmark, Princess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg and Princess Anne-Marie of Denmark, Queen of Greece.

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Queen Margrethe II’s Paternal Uncle: Child of King Christian X of Denmark and Duchess Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

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Queen Margrethe II’s Maternal Aunts and Uncles: Children of King Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden and his first wife Princess Margaret of Connaught

PATERNAL FIRST COUSINS

Paternal First Cousins: Children of Hereditary Prince Knud of Denmark and Princess Caroline-Mathilde of Denmark

Embed from Getty Images 

Princess Elisabeth of Denmark (1935 – 2018)

Princess Elisabeth was the only daughter and the eldest of the three children of Prince Knud of Denmark, the younger son of King Christian X of Denmark, and Princess Caroline-Mathilde of Denmark. Because she did not receive any funds from the Danish government, Elisabeth worked for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and retired after 45 years of employment. Princess Elisabeth never married, perhaps to retain her position within the Danish Royal Family. Until her death, she was the last person in the line of succession to the Danish throne. Elisabeth had a long-term relationship with Claus Hermansen, a videographer, until his death in 1997.

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Count Ingolf of Rosenborg with his wife Countess Sussie

Count Ingolf of Rosenborg, born Prince Ingolf of Denmark (born 1940)

Born Prince Ingolf of Denmark, he was the elder son of the two sons and the second of the three children of Prince Knud of Denmark (son of King Christian X) and Princess Caroline-Mathilde of Denmark. Ingolf decided to marry Inge Terney, an untitled commoner, without seeking the permission of his uncle King Frederik IX because he had little chance of succeeding to the throne and it was expected that the King would not give his permission. After his marriage, he lost both his royal style and title and his place in the Danish line of succession. He was styled His Excellency Count Ingolf of Rosenborg. After the death of his first wife, Ingolf married lawyer Sussie Hjorhøy Pedersen. He had no children from either marriage.

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Count Christian of Rosenborg and his wife Countess Anne Dorte; Credit – http://danishroyalmediawatch.blogspot.com

Count Christian of Rosenborg, born Prince Christian of Denmark (1942 – 2013)

Born Prince Christian of Denmark, he was the younger son of the two sons and the youngest of the three children of Prince Knud of Denmark (son of King Christian X) and Princess Caroline-Mathilde of Denmark. Like his brother Ingolf, Christian married Anne Dorte Maltoft-Nielsen without his uncle King Frederik IX, forfeiting his succession rights and his royal style and title. After his wedding, he was styled His Excellency Count Christian of Rosenborg. The couple had three daughters who are not in the Danish line of succession.

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MATERNAL FIRST COUSINS

Maternal First Cousins: Children of Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden, Duke of Västerbotten and Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

Princess Margaretha of Sweden, Mrs. Ambler (born 1934)

Princess Margaretha was the eldest of the five children and the eldest of the four daughters of Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden, Duke of Västerbotten, and Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Her father was the son of King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden and his first wife Princess Margaret of Connaught. Her mother was the daughter of Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Princess Viktoria Adelheid of Schleswig-Holstein. She is a great-great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria through both of her parents. Princess Margaretha married British businessman John Ambler. Upon marriage, she lost her royal style and was styled Princess Margaretha, Mrs. Ambler. The couple settled in England and had three children.

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Princess Birgitta of Sweden, Princess of Hohenzollern (born 1937)

Princess Birgitta was the second of the five children and the second of the four daughters of Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden, Duke of Västerbotten, and Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Her father was the son of King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden and his first wife Princess Margaret of Connaught. Her mother was the daughter of Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Princess Viktoria Adelheid of Schleswig-Holstein. She is a great-great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria through both of her parents. Princess Birgitta married Prince Johann Georg of Hohenzollern and the couple had three children. Because she married a man of princely status, Birgitta retained her royal style and title as Princess of Sweden and is the only one of her sisters to remain an official member of the Swedish Royal House.

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Princess Désirée of Sweden, Baroness Silfverschiöld (born 1938)

Princess Désirée was the third of the five children and the third of the four daughters of Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden, Duke of Västerbotten, and Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Her father was the son of King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden and his first wife Princess Margaret of Connaught. Her mother was the daughter of Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Princess Viktoria Adelheid of Schleswig-Holstein. She is a great-great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria through both of her parents. The princess married Baron Nils-August Otto Carl Niclas Silfverschiöld and the couple had three children. Due to her husband’s non-royal status, Désirée lost her royal status was styled Princess Désirée, Baroness Silfverschiöld.

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Princess Christina of Sweden, Mrs. Magnuson  (born 1943)

Princess Christina was the fourth of the five children and the fourth of the four daughters of Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden, Duke of Västerbotten, and Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Her father was the son of King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden and his first wife Princess Margaret of Connaught. Her mother was the daughter of Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Princess Viktoria Adelheid of Schleswig-Holstein. She is a great-great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria through both of her parents. Christina married Tord Magnuson and they had three sons. Like her sisters Margaretha and Désirée, she lost her royal style and title, becoming Princess Christina, Silfverschiöld.

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King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden (born 1946)

King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden was the fifth of the five children and the only son of Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden, Duke of Västerbotten, and Princess Sibylla of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Her father was the son of King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden and his first wife Princess Margaret of Connaught. Her mother was the daughter of Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Princess Viktoria Adelheid of Schleswig-Holstein. He is a great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria through both of his parents. When Carl Gustaf was only nine months old, his father died in an airplane crash. At that time, Carl Gustaf became second in the line of succession behind his grandfather. His grandfather King Gustaf VI Adolf died in 1973 and Carl Gustaf became king at the age of 27. Carl Gustaf married Silvia Sommerlath, born in Germany, and the couple had two daughters and one son.

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Maternal First Cousins: Children of Count Sigvard Bernadotte of Wisborg, born Prince Sigvard of Sweden, and Sonia Robbert

Count Michael Bernadotte of Wisborg (born 1944)

Count Michael Bernadotte of Wisborg married Christine Diotima Elisabeth Wellhofer and they had one daughter.

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Maternal First Cousins:  Adopted Children of Count Carl Johan Bernadotte of Wisborg, born Prince Carl Johan of Sweden, and Kerstin Wijkmark

Monika Bernadotte (born 1948, adopted in 1951)

Monika Bernadotte married Count Johan Peder Bonde. They had three children and divorced after 21 years of marriage.

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Christian Bernadotte (born 1949, adopted in 1950)

Christian Bernadotte married Marianne Jenny. They have three children.

The Peerage: Christian Bernadotte, Count Bernadotte

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This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

Works Cited

  • Lundy, D. (2019). Main Page. [online] Thepeerage.com. Available at: http://www.thepeerage.com/. (for genealogy information)
  • Unofficial Royalty. (2019). Unofficial Royalty. [online] Available at: https://www.unofficialroyalty.com. (for biographical and genealogy information)
  • Wikipedia. (2019). Main Page. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/.  (for biographical and genealogy information)

Harthacnut, King of Denmark and England

by Susan Flantzer  © Unofficial Royalty 2019

Harthacnut, King of Denmark and England; Credit – Wikipedia

The last of the House of Denmark to reign in England, Harthacnut was the elder of the two children and the only son of Cnut the Great, King of England, Denmark, and Norway and his second wife Emma of Normandy, daughter of Richard I, Duke of Normandy. Harthacnut was born in England around 1018.

After Cnut’s conquest of England in 1016, he had put aside his first wife Ælfgifu of Northampton and married Emma of Normandy, the widow of Æthelred II the Unready, King of the English. At that time, it was acceptable to put aside one wife and take another. Cnut succeeded his brother Harald II as King of Denmark in 1019. In 1029, Cnut invaded Norway and when King Olaf II of Norway was killed in 1030 at the Battle of Stiklestad, Cnut became King of Norway. He also ruled parts of Sweden, Pomerania, and Schleswig. Cnut’s dominions were known as the North Sea Empire.

The North Sea Empire of Cnut the Great; Credit – By Hel-hama – Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=19863973

Harthacnut had one younger sibling:

Harthacnut had two half-siblings from his father’s first marriage to Ælfgifu of Northampton:

Harthacnut’s mother Emma of Normandy, with her two sons by Æthelred II; Credit – Wikipedia

Harthacnut had three half-siblings from the first marriage of his mother Emma of Normandy to Æthelred II, King of the English:

Harthacnut was first mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle when he and his mother attended the transfer of the remains of Ælfheah, Archbishop of Canterbury from London to Canterbury in June 1023. In 1028, at the age of ten, Harthacnut accompanied his father to Denmark. Cnut left his son there as his deputy and he was still in Denmark when Cnut died on November 12, 1035.

Cnut, King of England, Denmark, and Norway, and his sons Harold Harefoot and Harthacnut; Credit – Wikipedia

Cnut had decreed that any sons of his second marriage should take precedence over the sons of his first marriage. This meant that Cnut and Emma’s only son Harthacnut was the legitimate heir to England and Denmark. As Harthacnut was in Denmark, he easily succeeded his father as King of Denmark. However, he was unable to come to England because Denmark was under threat of invasion by Norway and Sweden. Because of this, the council elected Cnut’s son by his first wife Harold Harefoot Regent of England as a temporary measure. Harold Harefoot, almost immediately, requested that he be proclaimed King of England but Æthelnoth, Archbishop of Canterbury, refused to do so.

In 1037, with the support of Leofric, Earl of Mercia and other nobles, Harold Harefoot was proclaimed King of England and crowned in Oxford. One of his first acts was to banish his stepmother Emma, who went into exile in Bruges, then in Flanders, now in Belgium. Harold Harefoot had a short reign, dying in Oxford, England on March 17, 1040, aged about 24-years-old.

On June 14, 1040, Harthacnut arrived at Sandwich, England with sixty-two warships and ascended the English throne unchallenged. He had Harald Harefoot’s body exhumed, decapitated, and thrown into a swamp but then it was retrieved and thrown in the River Thames. Shortly afterward, Harold Harefoot’s body was pulled from the River Thames by a fisherman and was buried at St. Clement Danes Church in London.

Harthacnut was crowned at Canterbury Cathedral on June 18, 1040, by Eadsige, Archbishop of Canterbury. England was accustomed to the king ruling with a council but Harthacnut became more authoritarian. To enlarge and maintain his naval fleet, he severely increased the taxation rate. At the same time, the tax rate was increased, the harvest was poor and this caused hardship and dissatisfaction. The town of Worcester became the focal point of the tax resistance against Harthacnut. Two tax collectors were killed there in May 1041. A military force was sent to deal with the situation but the townspeople defended themselves by moving away from the town. However, Harthacnut’s army sacked and burned Worcester. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle says about Harthacnut, “He never did anything worthy of a king while he reigned.”

Death of King Harthacnut at a wedding feast; Credit – Wikipedia

Harthacnut was unmarried and in 1041, he invited his half-brother Edward (the Confessor) home from his exile in Normandy and made him his heir. On June 8, 1042, Harthacnut attended a wedding in Lambeth, London, England. As he was drinking to celebrate the wedding, according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, “He died while standing with his drink. Suddenly he fell to the ground with violent convulsions.” Harthacnut was only 23-24 years old. There were unproven suspicions that he was poisoned and certainly there were people who would have benefitted from his death. His death also could have been caused by a stroke due to excessive drinking. A 2015 study speculated that perhaps up to fourteen Danish kings, including Harthacnut, who suddenly died at a relatively young age without being ill, possibly died of Brugada Syndrome, a genetic disorder in which the electrical activity in the heart is abnormal. It increases the risk of abnormal heart rhythms and sudden cardiac death.

Harthacnut’s half-brother Edward the Confessor succeeded him as King of England. A political agreement Harthacnut had made with King Magnus I of Norway stated Magnus would succeed him as King of Denmark. Harthacnut was initially buried at the Old Minster in Winchester, England. When the Old Minster was demolished in 1093, Harthacnut’s remains were moved to Winchester Cathedral and were placed in a mortuary chest near the shrine of St. Swithun. However, his remains were ultimately interred in a tomb below the eastern arch of the cathedral in the north aisle. In 1525, Harthacnut’s tomb was remodeled and a plaque was placed on the tomb.

Harthacnut’s tomb in Winchester Cathedral; Credit – http://www.dandebat.dk/

This article is the intellectual property of Unofficial Royalty and is NOT TO BE COPIED, EDITED, OR POSTED IN ANY FORM ON ANOTHER WEBSITE under any circumstances. It is permissible to use a link that directs to Unofficial Royalty.

England: House of Denmark Resources at Unofficial Royalty

Works Cited

  • Ashley, M. (1998). The Mammoth Book of British Kings & Queens. New York: Carroll & Graf Pub.
  • Cannon, J. and Griffiths, R. (1988). The Oxford Illustrated History of the British Monarchy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Dodson, A. (2004). The Royal Tombs of Great Britain. London: Duckworth.
  • En.wikipedia.org. (2019). Harthacnut. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harthacnut [Accessed 4 Mar. 2019].
  • Flantzer, S. (2019). Cnut the Great, King of England, Denmark, and Norway. [online] Unofficial Royalty. Available at: https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/cnut-the-great-king-of-england-denmark-and-norway/ [Accessed 28 Feb. 2019].
  • Flantzer, S. (2019). Emma of Normandy, Queen of England, Denmark, and Norway. [online] Unofficial Royalty. Available at: https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/emma-of-normandy-queen-of-england-denmark-and-norway/ [Accessed 28 Feb. 2019].
  • Flantzer, S. (2019). Harold I Harefoot, King of England. [online] Unofficial Royalty. Available at:  https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/harold-harefoot-or-harold-i-king-of-england/[Accessed 28 Feb. 2019]
  • Williamson, D. (1998). Brewer’s British Royalty. London: Cassell.