Category Archives: Royal Relationships

Augustus FitzClarence, Illegitimate Son of King William IV of the United Kingdom

by Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2024

Augustus FitzClarence; Credit – By https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1943-0410-637, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=133744989

Augustus FitzClarence was born on February 18, 1802, in London, England. He was the ninth of ten children and the fifth of the five sons of King William IV of the United Kingdom and his mistress Dorothea Jordan. Augustus’ paternal grandparents were King George III of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Francis Bland, a stagehand, and his mistress Grace Phillips, an actress, were his maternal grandparents.

Augustus’ parents The Duke of Clarence (later King William IV) and Dorothea Jordan; Credit – Wikipedia

From 1790 until 1811, before he became king, King William IV of the United Kingdom had a long-term relationship with actress Dorothea Jordan. Their relationship resulted in ten children who were given the surname FitzClarence. The surname comes from the Anglo-Norman word Fitz, meaning “son of” and Clarence, from King William IV’s title before he became king, Duke of Clarence.

Dorothea Jordan was born Dorothea Bland was born in County Waterford, Ireland, the daughter of Francis Bland, a stagehand, and his mistress Grace Phillips, an actress. Her mother encouraged Dorothea to enter the theater, and within a few years, she began to draw large crowds for her performances. She left Ireland in 1782 and moved to Leeds, England. It was at this point that she took the name Jordan. She performed for three years with the York Company, before being lured away in 1785 to move to the Royal Theatre, Drury Lane in London. By then, Dorothea was becoming a very popular performer and could be counted on to bring large crowds every night. It was at Drury Lane that her life would come to the attention of The Duke of Clarence several years later.

In 1790, Dorothea was first noticed by The Duke of Clarence (later King William IV) while performing at Drury Lane. They quickly began an affair that would last for the next 21 years. Dorothea moved in with the Duke at his home, Clarence Lodge in Roehampton, London, England and later they moved to Bushy House in Bushy Park in Richmond upon Thames, London, England.

Bushy House; By Stephen Williams, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12574949

In 1797, King George III of the United Kingdom appointed his third son William, then Duke of Clarence, the ranger of Bushy Park. The position came with the residence Bushy House in Bushy Park. William and Dorothea lived there with their ten children until their relationship ended in 1811. William continued living there with his children and later with his wife Adelaide Saxe-Meinigen after they married in 1818.

The children of King William IV and Dorothea Jordan had an elder half-brother, William Henry Courtney, born around 1788 to an unknown mother, and named after his father whose given names were William Henry. Dorothea Jordan cared for William Henry, and she was fond of him and he was fond of her. William Henry served in the Royal Navy from 1803 until 1807 when his ship HMS Blenheim was lost in a gale off Madagascar. Despite an extensive search, no trace of the ship was ever found. 590 men were lost aboard HMS Blenheim, including King William IV’s eldest illegitimate son nineteen-year-old William Henry Courtney.

Nine of the ten children of King William IV and Dorothea Jordan were named after nine of William’s fourteen siblings. That one child was named Henry, William IV’s middle name.

Augustus’ nine siblings:

George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster (1794 – 1842), married Lady Mary Wyndham, had issue
Henry FitzClarence (1795 – 1817), unmarried
Sophia FitzClarence (1795 – 1837), married Philip Sidney, 1st Baron De L’Isle and Dudley, had issue
Mary FitzClarence (1798 – 1864), married General Charles Richard Fox, no issue
Frederick FitzClarence (1799 – 1854), married Lady Augusta Boyle, had issue
Elizabeth FitzClarence (1801 – 1856), married William Hay, 18th Earl of Erroll, had issue, King Edward VII’s granddaughters Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife and Princess Maud, Countess of Southesk and British Prime Minister David Cameron descend from this marriage
Adolphus FitzClarence (1802 – 1856), unmarried
Augusta FitzClarence (1803 – 1865), married (1) The Honorable John Kennedy-Erskine, had issue; married (2) Admiral Lord Frederick Hallyburton, no issue
Amelia FitzClarence (1807 – 1858), married Lucius Bentinck Cary, 10th Viscount Falkland, had issue

William and Dorothea’s children married into the British aristocracy and their many descendants include some notable people including sisters Princess Alexandra, Duchess of Fife and Princess Maud, Countess of Southesk (granddaughters of King Edward VII and daughters of Princess Louise, Princess Royal and Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife, a descendant of Dorothea Jordan and King William IV), Duff Cooper, 1st Viscount Norwich (British diplomat, Cabinet member, author), John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute (also known as Johnny Dumfries, racing driver), and David Cameron, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

By 1811, William was pressured by his family to find a suitable wife. At the time he was fourth in line for the throne following his elder brother The Prince of Wales, the future King George IV, George’s only child Princess Charlotte of Wales, and George’s next oldest brother who was childless Prince Frederick, Duke of York. William gave in to the pressure and ended his relationship with Dorothea but ensured she was well provided for. William became closer to the throne when his niece Princess Charlotte died in 1817 giving birth to a stillborn son. When King George IV died in 1830, William succeeded to the throne. Although William had ten children with Dorothea Jordan, his marriage with Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen produced no surviving children. King William IV was succeeded by his niece Queen Victoria. Queen Victoria had relationships with her first cousins, King William IV’s illegitimate children. They are mentioned in Queen Victoria’s diaries when visiting Windsor Castle.

Augustus and his siblings had little contact with their mother Dorothea Jordan after 1811 when their father ended his relationship with her. After losing much of her savings when her daughter Augusta and her husband ran up large debts in her name, Dorothea’s health quickly began to decline. Virtually penniless, Dorothea Jordan died in Saint-Cloud, France on July 5, 1816, at the age of 54. She is buried in the local cemetery in Saint-Cloud.

Augustus’ father was determined he serve in the Royal Navy. In 1818, when he was nearly thirteen years old, Augustus joined the crew of the frigate HMS Spartan as a volunteer first class. That same year, Augustus’ father wrote to Vice-Admiral Sir Thomas Francis Fremantle, 1st Baron Fremantle requesting that he take on his son. Augustus joined the HMS Rochfort as a Midshipman in 1818. However, by 1821, Adolphus’ naval career ended.

In 1824, Augustus began his studies at Brasenose College, Oxford. Two years later, he transferred to Trinity College, Cambridge. He received an LL.B (undergraduate law degree) in 1832 and an LL.D (doctorate level law degree) in 1835.

Mapledurham Church where Augustus served as Vicar for twenty-five years; Credit – By Chris Wood, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2024448

Augustus was ordained a priest in the Church of England, although it seems he had little training as a clergyman. In 1829, 24-year-old Augustus became Vicar of St. Margaret’s Church in Mapledurham, Oxfordshire, England where he served until he died in 1854. In 1830, Augustus was appointed Chaplain in Ordinary to his father, now King William IV, and in 1831, he was appointed Chaplain to his father’s wife Queen Adelaide. He also served as Chaplain to his first cousin Queen Victoria from 1840 – 1852.

On January 2, 1845, Augustus married Sarah Elizabeth Catharine Gordon (1827 – 1901), a daughter of Major Lord Henry Gordon, a younger son of George Gordon, 9th Marquess of Huntly.

Augustus and Sarah had six children:

Dorothea FitzClarence (1845 – 1870), married Thomas Goff, had three children
Eva FitzClarence (1847 – 1918), twin of Beatrice, unmarried
Beatrice FitzClarence (1847 – 1909), twin of Eva, unmarried
Augustus FitzClarence (1849 – 1861), died in childhood
Henry FitzClarence (1853 – 1930), married Mary Isabel Templer Parsons, had two children
Mary FitzClarence (1854 – 1858), died in childhood

Churchyard at St. Margaret’s Church, Mapledurham, Oxfordshire, England where Augustus is buried; Credit – Oxford Historic Churches Trust

Augustus died in Mapledurham, Oxfordshire, England on June 14, 1854, aged 49. He is buried in the churchyard at St. Margaret’s Church, Mapledurham, Oxfordshire, England. At the time of his death, Augustus’ wife Sarah was pregnant with their last child Mary, born three months after her father’s death. Sarah survived her husband by forty-seven years, dying on March 23, 1901, aged 74.

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Works Cited

Beauclerk-Dewar, Peter & Powell, Roger. (2006). Right Royal Bastards – The Fruits of Passion. Burke’s Peerage & Gentry LLC.
Flantzer, Susan. (2015). King William IV of the United Kingdom. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/king-william-iv-of-the-united-kingdom/
Mehl, Scott. (2020). Dorothea Jordan, Mistress of King William IV of the United Kingdom.
Rev. Lord Augustus FitzClarence. (2023). Geni_family_tree. https://www.geni.com/people/Rev-Lord-Augustus-FitzClarence/6000000003273999244
Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/dorothea-jordan-mistress-of-king-william-iv-of-the-united-kingdom/
Weir, Alison. (2008). Britain’s Royal Families – The Complete Genealogy. Vintage Books.
Wikipedia Contributors. (2024). Lord Augustus FitzClarence. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation.

Lady Augusta Gordon, born Augusta FitzClarence, Illegitimate Daughter of King William IV of the United Kingdom

by Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2024

Lady Augusta Gordon, born Augusta FitzClarence; Credit – Wikipedia

Augusta FitzClarence was born on November 17, 1803, at Bushy House in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. She was the eighth of ten children and the fourth of the five daughters of the future King William IV of the United Kingdom and his mistress Dorothea Jordan. Augusta’s paternal grandparents were King George III of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Francis Bland, a stagehand, and his mistress Grace Phillips, an actress, were his maternal grandparents.

From 1790 until 1811, before he became king, King William IV of the United Kingdom had a long-term relationship with actress Dorothea Jordan. Their relationship resulted in ten children who were given the surname FitzClarence. The surname comes from the Anglo-Norman word Fitz, meaning “son of” and Clarence, from King William IV’s title before he became king, Duke of Clarence.

Augusta’s parents The Duke of Clarence (later King William IV) and Dorothea Jordan; Credit – Wikipedia

Bushy House, Augusta’s birthplace; By Stephen Williams, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12574949

Nine of the ten children of King William IV and Dorothea Jordan were named after nine of William’s fourteen siblings. That one child was named Henry, William IV’s middle name.

Augusta’s nine siblings:

George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster (1794 – 1842), married Mary Wyndham, had seven children
Henry Edward FitzClarence (1795 – 1817), unmarried, died at age 22
Sophia FitzClarence (1796 – 1837), married Philip Sidney, 1st Baron De L’Isle and Dudley, had four children
Mary FitzClarence (1798 – 1864), married Charles Fox, no children
Frederick FitzClarence (1799 – 1854), married Lady Augusta Boyle, had two children
Elizabeth FitzClarence (1801 – 1856), married William George Hay, 18th Earl of Erroll, had four children
Adolphus FitzClarence (1802 – 1856), unmarried
Augustus FitzClarence (1805 – 1854), married Sarah Elizabeth Gordon, had six children
Amelia FitzClarence (1807-1858), married Lucius Bentinck Cary, 10th Viscount Falkland, had one son

Augusta and her siblings had little contact with their mother Dorothea Jordan after 1811 when their father ended his relationship with her. After losing much of her savings when Augusta and her husband ran up large debts in her name, Dorothea’s health quickly began to decline. Virtually penniless, Dorothea Jordan died in Saint-Cloud, France on July 5, 1816, at the age of 54. She is buried in the local cemetery in Saint-Cloud.

From 1819 – 1822, Baron Franz Ludwig von Bibra was engaged to tutor Augusta and her younger sister Amelia in the classics and English. On July 5, 1827, Augusta married The Honorable John Kennedy-Erskine, a younger son of Archibald Kennedy, 1st Marquess of Ailsa, and Margaret Erskine. John served as a captain with the 16th Lancers and was appointed an equerry to King William IV in 1830. John Kennedy-Erskine died on March 6, 1831 at the age of twenty-eight. Augusta was pregnant with her third child was born two months after her father died.

Augusta and her three children; Credit – By John Hayter – Art UK, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=31416642

Augusta and John had three children:

William Kennedy-Erskine (1828 – 1870), married Catherine Jones, had three children including writer Violet Jacob
Wilhelmina Kennedy-Erskine (1830 – 1906, married her first cousin William FitzClarence, 2nd Earl of Munster, had nine children, Wilhelmina was a novelist and short story writer, writing under the title the Countess of Munster
Augusta Kennedy-Erskine (1831 – 1895), married James Hay Erskine Wemyss, had five children

The widowed Augusta and her children lived in a brick house on the River Thames called Railshead, next door to a house owned by her late husband’s parents. King William often visited his daughter and grandchildren there and they would often visit the king at Windsor Castle.

Five years after her husband’s death, on August 24, 1836, Augusta married Lord Frederick Gordon-Hallyburton, the third son of George Gordon, 9th Marquess of Huntly and Catherine Cope. Frederick had a career in the Royal Navy and would become Admiral of the Navy in 1868, three years after Augusta’s death. Augusta and Frederick did not have any children.

After her second marriage, Augusta continued living at Railshead, next door to her first husband’s parents. They were angered by Augusta’s second marriage and forced Augusta and Frederick to leave Railshead. Augusta asked her father King William IV for help. He gave her apartments at Kensington Palace and the position of State Housekeeper of Kensington Palace, a position held by her recently deceased sister Sophia. Just a few months after Augusta and her family settled at Kensington Palace, her father died on June 20, 1837, and Augusta’s first cousin Queen Victoria came to the throne.

In 1841, Frederick was elected to Parliament for Forfarshire in Scotland and remained in Parliament until 1852. He also served as Deputy Lieutenant for Forfarshire. In 1847, Augusta and Frederick embarked on a three-year trip to Europe, visiting Germany, France, and Italy. When they returned in 1850, they resumed residence at Kensington Palace. On April 17, 1855, Augusta’s daughters married in a double wedding.

On December 8, 1865, at Hallyburton House in Kettins, Angusshire, Scotland, Augusta died at the age of sixty-two. She was buried at Duns Cemetery in Duns, Scotland. Her husband Frederick survived her by nearly thirteen years, dying on September 29, 1878, aged seventy-nine.

Works Cited

Augusta FitzClarence. (2016). Genealogics.org. https://www.genealogics.org/getperson.php?personID=I00024489&tree=LEO
Augusta FitzClarence Kennedy-Erskine… (2020). Findagrave.com. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/218710689/augusta_kennedy-erskine_gordon-hallyburton
Beauclerk-Dewar, Peter & Powell, Roger. (2006). Right Royal Bastards – The Fruits of Passion. Burke’s Peerage & Gentry LLC.
Flantzer, Susan. (2015). King William IV of the United Kingdom. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/king-william-iv-of-the-united-kingdom/
Mehl, Scott. (2020). Dorothea Jordan, Mistress of King William IV of the United Kingdom. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/dorothea-jordan-mistress-of-king-william-iv-of-the-united-kingdom/
Weir, Alison. (2008). Britain’s Royal Families – The Complete Genealogy. Vintage Books.
Wikipedia Contributors. (2024). Lady Augusta Gordon. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation.
Wikipedia Contributors. (2024). Lord Frederick Gordon-Hallyburton. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation.

Adolphus FitzClarence, Illegitimate Son of King William IV of the United Kingdom

by Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2024

Adolphus FitzClarence as a young Royal Navy officer; Credit – Wikipedia

Adolphus FitzClarence was born on February 18, 1802, at Bushy House in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. He was the fifth of the ten children and the third of the five sons of the future King William IV of the United Kingdom and his mistress Dorothea Jordan. Adolphus’ paternal grandparents were King George III of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Francis Bland, a stagehand, and his mistress Grace Phillips, an actress, were his maternal grandparents.

From 1790 until 1811, before he became king, King William IV of the United Kingdom had a long-term relationship with actress Dorothea Jordan. Their relationship resulted in ten children who were given the surname FitzClarence. The surname comes from the Anglo-Norman word Fitz, meaning “son of” and Clarence, from King William IV’s title before he became king, Duke of Clarence.

Adolphus’ parents The Duke of Clarence (later King William IV) and Dorothea Jordan; Credit – Wikipedia

Bushy House, Adolphus’ birthplace; By Stephen Williams, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12574949

Nine of the ten children of King William IV and Dorothea Jordan were named after nine of William’s fourteen siblings. That one child was named Henry, William IV’s middle name.

Adolphus’ nine siblings:

George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster (1794 – 1842), married Mary Wyndham, had seven children
Henry Edward FitzClarence (1795 – 1817), unmarried, died at age 22
Sophia FitzClarence (1796 – 1837), married Philip Sidney, 1st Baron De L’Isle and Dudley, had four children
Mary FitzClarence (1798 – 1864), married General Charles Richard Fox, no children
Frederick FitzClarence (1799 – 1854), married Lady Augusta Boyle, had two children
Elizabeth FitzClarence (1801 – 1856), married William Hay, 18th Earl of Erroll, had four children
Augusta FitzClarence (1803 – 1865), married (1) The Honorable John Kennedy-Erskine, had three children; married (2) Admiral Lord Frederick Hallyburton, no children
Augustus FitzClarence (1805 – 1854), Sarah Elizabeth Catharine Gordon, had six children
Amelia FitzClarence (1807-1858), married Lucius Bentinck Cary, 10th Viscount Falkland, had one son

Adolphus and his siblings had little contact with their mother Dorothea Jordan after 1811 when their father ended his relationship with her. After losing much of her savings when her daughter Augusta and her husband ran up large debts in her name, Dorothea’s health quickly began to decline. Virtually penniless, Dorothea Jordan died in Saint-Cloud, France on July 5, 1816, at the age of 54. She is buried in the local cemetery in Saint-Cloud.

After attending a boarding school in Sunbury-on-Thames, England, in 1812, twelve-year-old Adolphus joined the Royal Navy, where he had a career and attained the rank of Rear Admiral. He first served on the HMS Impregnable, the flagship of his father, then The Duke of Clarence, who also had a naval career. The HMS Impregnable was involved in the Napoleonic Wars (1803 – 1815). Adolphus then served as a Midshipman aboard the HMS Newcastle which participated in the War of 1812. The HMS Newcastle captured an American privateer en route to the United States and participated in the blockade of the 44-gun frigate USS Constitution in Boston harbor. In April 1821, Adolphus was commissioned as a Lieutenant and transferred to the HMS Euryalus. After being promoted to Commander in 1823, Adolphus served aboard the HMS Brisk and HMS Redwing in the North Sea. In December 1824, Adolphus was promoted to Captain. He received his first command in 1826, becoming Captain of HMS Ariadne. In 1827, he commanded HMS Challenger, and in 1828, HMS Pallas.

When his father King William IV acceded to the throne in 1830, Adolphus was given command of the Royal Yacht HMY Royal George. The same year, his father appointed him Groom of the Robes and in 1833, he was appointed Lord of the Bedchamber. In 1837, his father died and his Adolphus’ first cousin Queen Victoria came to the throne. Victoria allowed Adolphus to keep the command of the Royal Yacht. In her diary, Queen Victoria recorded that upon hearing he would keep the command, Adolphus burst into tears and said that this was unexpected and that he had not hoped for it. He held the command of the Royal Yacht until his promotion to Rear-Admiral of the Blue in 1853. In 1848, Adolphus became Naval Aide-de-camp to Queen Victoria.

Posthumous portrait of Adolphus wearing an admiral’s hat by Rosa Koberwein; Credit – Wikipedia

Fifty-four-year-old Adolphus FitzClarence suffered a paralytic seizure on or a few days before May 17, 1856, and died unmarried on May 18, 1856, at Newburgh Priory in Coxwold, North Yorkshire, England, the home of Sir George Orby Wombwell, 4th Baronet. He was buried in a vault under the chancel of St. Michael’s Church in Coxwold, North Yorkshire, England. Adolphus’ assets were not enough to pay his debts and funeral expenses. Queen Victoria wrote in her diary on May 19, 1856, “Poor Ld Adolphus FitzClarence of whose paralytic seizure we heard on the 17th, died yesterday evening. We are truly sorry as he was very good natured & kind hearted, but he positively killed himself by living too well. He was only 54, although he looked quite 10 or 12 years older.”

Memorial to Adolphus erected by “a few sincere friends and relatives at St. Michael’s Church in Coxwold, North Yorkshire, England; Credit – www.findagrave.com

Works Cited

Autoren der Wikimedia-Projekte. (2007). Britischer Offizier der Royal Navy. Wikipedia.org; Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolphus_FitzClarence
Beauclerk-Dewar, Peter & Powell, Roger. (2006). Right Royal Bastards – The Fruits of Passion. Burke’s Peerage & Gentry LLC.
Flantzer, Susan. (2015). King William IV of the United Kingdom. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/king-william-iv-of-the-united-kingdom/
Mehl, Scott. (2020). Dorothea Jordan, Mistress of King William IV of the United Kingdom. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/dorothea-jordan-mistress-of-king-william-iv-of-the-united-kingdom/
Rear Admiral Lord Adolphus FitzClarence … (2017). Findagrave.com. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/186168309/adolphus-fitzclarence
Weir, Alison. (2008). Britain’s Royal Families – The Complete Genealogy. Vintage Books.
Wikipedia Contributors. (2024). Lord Adolphus FitzClarence. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Adolphus_FitzClarence
Wikipedia Contributors. (2023). St. Michael’s Church. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Church

Elizabeth Hay, Countess of Erroll, born Elizabeth FitzClarence, Illegitimate Daughter of King William IV of the United Kingdom

by Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2024

Elizabeth Hay, Countess of Erroll; Credit – Wikipedia

Elizabeth Hay, Countess of Erroll was born Elizabeth FitzClarence, the sixth of the ten children and the third of the five daughters of the future King William IV of the United Kingdom and his mistress Dorothea Jordan, on January 17, 1801, at Bushy House in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Elizabeth’s paternal grandparents were King George III of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Francis Bland, a stagehand, and his mistress Grace Phillips, an actress were her maternal grandparents.

From 1790 until 1811, before he became king, King William IV of the United Kingdom had a long-term relationship with actress Dorothea Jordan. Their relationship resulted in ten children who were given the surname FitzClarence. The surname comes from the Anglo-Norman word Fitz, meaning “son of” and Clarence, from King William IV’s title before he became king, Duke of Clarence.

Elizabeth’s parents The Duke of Clarence (later King William IV) and Dorothea Jordan

Bushy House, Elizabeth’s birthplace; By Stephen Williams, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12574949

The children of King William IV and Dorothea Jordan had an elder half-brother, William Henry Courtney, born around 1788 to an unknown mother, and named after his father whose given names were William Henry. Dorothea Jordan cared for William, and she was fond of him and he was fond of her. William served in the Royal Navy from 1803 until 1807 when his ship HMS Blenheim was lost in a gale off Madagascar. Despite an extensive search, no trace of the ship was ever found. 590 men were lost aboard HMS Blenheim, including King William IV’s eldest illegitimate son nineteen-year-old William Henry Courtney.

Nine of the ten children of King William IV and Dorothea Jordan were named after nine of William’s fourteen siblings. The tenth child was given William’s middle name Henry.

Elizabeth’s nine siblings:

George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster (1794 – 1842), married Mary Wyndham, had seven children
Henry Edward FitzClarence (1795 – 1817), unmarried, died at age 22
Sophia FitzClarence (1796 – 1837), married Philip Sidney, 1st Baron De L’Isle and Dudley, had four children
Mary FitzClarence (1798 – 1864), married Charles Fox, no children
Frederick FitzClarence (1799 – 1854), married Lady Augusta Boyle, had two children
Adolphus FitzClarence (1802 – 1856), unmarried
Augusta FitzClarence (1803 – 1865), married (1) The Honorable John Kennedy-Erskine, had three children; married (2) Admiral Lord Frederick Hallyburton, no children
Augustus FitzClarence (1805 – 1854), Sarah Elizabeth Catharine Gordon, had six children
Amelia FitzClarence (1807-1858), married Lucius Bentinck Cary, 10th Viscount Falkland, had one son

Elizabeth and her siblings had little contact with their mother Dorothea Jordan after 1811 when their father ended his relationship with her. After losing much of her savings when her daughter Augusta and her husband ran up large debts in her name, Dorothea’s health quickly began to decline. Virtually penniless, Dorothea Jordan died in Saint-Cloud, France on July 5, 1816, at the age of 54. She is buried in the local cemetery in Saint-Cloud.

Elizabeth’s husband William Hay, 18th Earl of Erroll; Credit – Wikipedia

On December 4, 1820, nineteen-year-old Elizabeth married another nineteen-year-old, William George Hay, 18th Earl of Erroll, the son of William Hay, 17th Earl of Erroll and Alice Eliot. William became the 18th Earl of Erroll when his father died on January 26, 1819. The Earls of Erroll held and still hold the hereditary office of Lord High Constable of Scotland and the hereditary title of Chief of Clan Hay.

Elizabeth and William had four children:

Lady Ida Hay (1821 – 1867), one of Queen Victoria’s bridesmaids, married Charles Noel, 2nd Earl of Gainsborough, had five children
William Hay, 19th Earl of Erroll (1823 – 1891), married Eliza Gore, had seven children
Lady Agnes Hay (1829 – 1869), married James Duff, 5th Earl Fife, had five children including Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife who married Princess Louise, Princess Royal, daughter of King Edward VII
Lady Alice Hay (1835 – 1881), unmarried

Elizabeth’s husband William had several appointed and political positions. In 1823 he was elected a Scottish representative peer and took his seat in the House of Lords. He was Master of the Horse to Queen Adelaide from 1830 to 1834. In 1831 he became a member of the Privy Council. He served as Master of the Buckhounds, a political position, from 1835 to 1839. From 1839 to 1841, William was Lord Steward of the Household. William was also Knight Marischal of Scotland from 1832 to 1846 and Lord-Lieutenant of Aberdeenshire from 1836 to 1846.

St. Mary’s Church, Wimbledon by John Salmon, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=128451986

William Hay, 18th Earl of Erroll, aged forty-five, died of diabetes complications, on April 19, 1846, in London, England. He was buried in the churchyard of St. Mary’s Church in Wimbledon, London Borough of Merton, Greater London. Elizabeth survived her husband by a little less than ten years, dying on January 16, 1856, aged 54, in Edinburgh, Scotland. She was buried with her husband at St. Mary’s Church in Wimbledon.

Elizabeth’s entry at www.findagrave.com gives an account of her death from the London Evening Standard, 17 Jan 1856, page 2. Several relatives are mentioned in the article:

Mr. J Duff was James Duff, Elizabeth’s son-in-law, in 1857, he became the 5th Earl Fife after his childless uncle James Duff, 4th Earl Fife died
Lady Agnes Duff was Elizabeth’s daughter, the wife of James above
Lady Mary Fox was Elizabeth’s sister, born Mary FitzClarence
The Earl of Erroll was Elizabeth’s son William Hay, 19th Earl of Erroll
Lady Augustus FitzClarence was Elizabeth’s sister-in-law, born Sarah Gordon, the wife of Elizabeth’s brother Lord Augustus FitzClarence
Viscount Campden was Elizabeth’s son-in-law, later Charles Noel, 2nd Earl of Gainsborough. Viscount Campden was the courtesy title of the heir of the Earl of Gainsborough
Viscountess Campden was Elizabeth’s daughter Ida, later Countess of Gainsborough, wife of Charles Noel above

DEATH OF THE COUNTESS DOWAGER OF ERROLL

We regret to announce the death of the Countess Dowager of Erroll, daughter of the late King William IV and Ms Jordan. The melancholy event took place at five minutes to eleven o’clock yesterday forenoon at Edinburgh, being at the time her ladyship was on her way south to hasten to the sick bed of her brother, Lord Adolphus Fitzclarence.

The deceased countess had left Mr J. Duff, M.P., and Lady Agnes Duff’s seat in the north of Scotland, and on Saturday last stayed at Wemyss Castle, Dysart, and reached Edinburgh on Tuesday, where her ladyship was taken very unwell. The symptoms became alarming, and Lady Mary Fox, and the other relatives, received a telegraphic message early on Monday morning, conveying the intelligence that the countess was lying in a very dangerous state. Lady Mary Fox left town by the express train on Tuesday evening, and had the consolation of being with her sister at her dissolution, which happened at the hour before named without any apparent paint. We believe the countess died from congestion of the brain. Lady Augustus Fitzclarence, her sister-in-law, and Lady Agnes Duff were, among the other members of the family, present at her death, and the Earl of Erroll and Viscount and Viscountess Campden were also sent for when her ladyship was considered in imminent danger.

Works Cited

Beauclerk-Dewar, Peter & Powell, Roger. (2006). Right Royal Bastards – The Fruits of Passion. Burke’s Peerage & Gentry LLC.
Flantzer, Susan. (2015). King William IV of the United Kingdom. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/king-william-iv-of-the-united-kingdom/
Lady Elizabeth Fitzclarence Hay (1801-1856) -… (2015). Findagrave.com. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/153734491/elizabeth-hay
Mehl, Scott. (2020). Dorothea Jordan, Mistress of King William IV of the United Kingdom. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/dorothea-jordan-mistress-of-king-william-iv-of-the-united-kingdom/
Weir, Alison. (2008). Britain’s Royal Families – The Complete Genealogy. Vintage Books.
Wikipedia Contributors. (2018). Elizabeth Hay. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Hay
Wikipedia Contributors. (2022). William Hay. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hay

Frederick FitzClarence, Illegitimate Son of King William IV of the United Kingdom

by Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2024

Frederick FitzClarence; Credit – Wikipedia

Frederick FitzClarence was born on December 9, 1799, at Bushy House in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. He was the fifth of the ten children and the fourth of the five sons of the future King William IV of the United Kingdom and his mistress Dorothea Jordan. Frederick’s paternal grandparents were King George III of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Francis Bland, a stagehand, and his mistress Grace Phillips, an actress were his maternal grandparents.

From 1790 until 1811, before he became king, King William IV of the United Kingdom had a long-term relationship with actress Dorothea Jordan. Their relationship resulted in ten children who were given the surname FitzClarence. The surname comes from the Anglo-Norman word Fitz, meaning “son of” and Clarence, from King William IV’s title before he became king, Duke of Clarence.

Frederick’s parents The Duke of Clarence (later King William IV) and Dorothea Jordan

Bushy House, Frederick’s birthplace; By Stephen Williams, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12574949

The children of King William IV and Dorothea Jordan had an elder half-brother, William Henry Courtney, born around 1788 to an unknown mother, and named after his father whose given names were William Henry. Dorothea Jordan cared for William, and she was fond of him and he was fond of her. William served in the Royal Navy from 1803 until 1807 when his ship HMS Blenheim was lost in a gale off Madagascar. Despite an extensive search, no trace of the ship was ever found. 590 men were lost aboard HMS Blenheim, including King William IV’s eldest illegitimate son nineteen-year-old William Henry Courtney.

Nine of the ten children of King William IV and Dorothea Jordan were named after nine of William’s fourteen siblings. The tenth child was given William’s middle name Henry.

Frederick had nine full siblings:

George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster (1794 – 1842), married Mary Wyndham, had seven children
Henry Edward FitzClarence (1795 – 1817), unmarried, died at age 22
Sophia FitzClarence (1796 – 1837), married Philip Sidney, 1st Baron De L’Isle and Dudley, had four children
Mary FitzClarence (1798 – 1864), married Charles Fox, no children
Elizabeth FitzClarence (1801 – 1856), married William Hay, 18th Earl of Erroll, had four children
Adolphus FitzClarence (1802 – 1856), unmarried
Augusta FitzClarence (1803 – 1865), married (1) The Honorable John Kennedy-Erskine, had three children; married (2) Admiral Lord Frederick Hallyburton, no children
Augustus FitzClarence (1805 – 1854), Sarah Elizabeth Catharine Gordon, had six children
Amelia FitzClarence (1807-1858), married Lucius Bentinck Cary, 10th Viscount Falkland, had one son

Frederick and his siblings had little contact with their mother Dorothea Jordan after 1811 when their father ended his relationship with her. After losing much of her savings when her daughter Augusta and her husband ran up large debts in her name, Dorothea’s health quickly began to decline. Virtually penniless, Dorothea Jordan died in Saint-Cloud, France on July 5, 1816, at the age of 54. She is buried in the local cemetery in Saint-Cloud.

Etal Manor, the home of Frederick and his wife Augusta; Credit – Wikipedia

On May 19, 1821, Frederick married Lady Augusta Boyle (1801 – 1876), the daughter of George Boyle, 4th Earl of Glasgow and Lady Augusta Hay. The couple made their home at Etal Manor in Etal, a village in Northumberland, England.

Frederick and Augusta had two children:

Augusta FitzClarence (1823 – 1855), unmarried
William FitzClarence (born and died 1827)

Frederick had a military career. In 1814, when he was nearly fifteen, Frederick was commissioned an officer in the British Army. He served in the Waterloo Campaign (June 15 – July 8, 1815) which ended the Napoleonic Wars. In 1820, while a Captain in the Coldstream Guards, Frederick commanded a small detachment in support of the police with the arrest of the Cato Street Conspirators, who plotted to murder the British cabinet ministers and Prime Minister Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool. For his leadership during the arrest, which resulted in a violent street fight, Frederick was promoted to Colonel of the 36th Regiment of Foot. Frederick was Lieutenant-Governor of Portsmouth from 1846 – 1851, South-West District Commander commanding an army military district from 1847 – 1851, and Commander-in-Chief of the Bombay Army from 1852 until he died in 1854. His highest military rank was Lieutenant-General.

Lord Frederick FitzClarence, aged fifty-four, died on October 30, 1854, in Pune, Maharashtra, India in active service as Commander-in-Chief of the Bombay Army. When his remains arrived in Bombay, India on November 13, 1854, they were received with honors by his nephew Lucius Cary, Master of Falkland, the son of his sister Lady Amelia FitzClarence and Lucius Cary, 10th Viscount Falkland. A ship carrying Frederick’s remains embarked for England on November 24, 1854, with his widow, daughter, and nephew Lucius Cary, Master of Falkland aboard. The ship arrived in Southampton, England on January 22, 1855. The remains were received by Frederick’s brother Lord Adolphus FitzClarence and his brothers-in-law Lucius Cary, 10th Viscount Falkland and The Honorable George Boyle (later 6th Earl of Glasgow).

Chapel of St Mary the Virgin in Etal; Credit – www.findagrave.com

Frederick’s widow Augusta built a mortuary chapel for her husband and their daughter Augusta who died in 1855, just a year after her father died. Their burial site, the Chapel of St Mary the Virgin, stands beside the drive leading to Etal Manor, which was the home of Frederick and Augusta. William Butterfield, a successful architect of many Victorian Gothic Revival churches, built the chapel. Originally a private chapel, the Chapel of St. Mary the Virgin is now a parish church of the Church of England. Augusta survived her husband by twenty-two years, dying, aged seventy-five, on July 28, 1876, at her home, Etal Manor. She is buried with her husband and their daughter in the Chapel of St. Mary the Virgin.

Works Cited

Beauclerk-Dewar, Peter & Powell, Roger. (2006). Right Royal Bastards – The Fruits of Passion. Burke’s Peerage & Gentry LLC.
Britain Express. (2024). Etal, St Mary’s Chapel, Northumberland | History & Photos. Britain Express. https://www.britainexpress.com/counties/northumbria/churches/etal.htm
Etal, Northumberland, History, Tourism, and Accommodation information. (2024). Britain Express. https://www.britainexpress.com/attractions.htm?attraction=3017#google_vignette
Find a Grave. Lieutenant-General Lord Frederick FitzClarence. (2017). https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/186155457/frederick-fitzclarence
Flantzer, Susan. (2015). King William IV of the United Kingdom. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/king-william-iv-of-the-united-kingdom/
Mehl, Scott. (2020). Dorothea Jordan, Mistress of King William IV of the United Kingdom. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/dorothea-jordan-mistress-of-king-william-iv-of-the-united-kingdom/
Ufficiale Inglese. (2023). Figlio illegittimo di Guglielmo IV. Wikipedia.org; Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_FitzClarence
Weir, Alison. (2008). Britain’s Royal Families – The Complete Genealogy. Vintage Books.
Wikipedia Contributors. (2023). Etal. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etal
Wikipedia Contributors. (2024). Lord Frederick FitzClarence. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Frederick_FitzClarence

Lady Mary Fox, born Mary FitzClarence, Illegitimate Daughter of King William IV of the United Kingdom

by Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2024

Mary FitzClarence; Credit – Wikipedia

Lady Mary Fox was born Mary FitzClarence, the fourth of the ten children and the second of the five daughters of the future King William IV of the United Kingdom and his mistress Dorothea Jordan, on December 19, 1798, at Bushy House in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames. Mary’s paternal grandparents were King George III of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Francis Bland, a stagehand, and his mistress Grace Phillips, an actress were her maternal grandparents.

From 1790 until 1811, before he became king, King William IV of the United Kingdom had a long-term relationship with actress Dorothea Jordan. Their relationship resulted in ten children who were given the surname FitzClarence. The surname comes from the Anglo-Norman Fitz, meaning “son of” and Clarence, from King William IV’s title before he became king, Duke of Clarence.

Mary’s parents The Duke of Clarence (later King William IV) and Dorothea Jordan; Credit – Wikipedia

The children of King William IV and Dorothea Jordan had an elder half-brother, William Henry Courtney, born around 1788 to an unknown mother, and named after his father whose given names were William Henry. Dorothea Jordan cared for William, and she was fond of him and he was fond of her. William served in the Royal Navy from 1803 until 1807 when his ship HMS Blenheim was lost in a gale off Madagascar. Despite an extensive search, no trace of the ship was ever found. 590 men were lost aboard HMS Blenheim, including King William IV’s eldest illegitimate son nineteen-year-old William Henry Courtney.

Nine of the ten children of King William IV and Dorothea Jordan were named after nine of William’s fourteen siblings. The tenth child was given William’s middle name Henry.

George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster (1794 – 1842), married Mary Wyndham, had seven children
Henry Edward FitzClarence (1795 – 1817), unmarried, died at age 22
Sophia FitzClarence (1796 – 1837), married Philip Sidney, 1st Baron De L’Isle and Dudley, had four children
Frederick FitzClarence (1799 – 1854), married Lady Augusta Boyle, had two children
Elizabeth FitzClarence (1801 – 1856), married William Hay, 18th Earl of Erroll, had four children
Adolphus FitzClarence (1802 – 1856), unmarried
Augusta FitzClarence (1803 – 1865), married (1) The Honorable John Kennedy-Erskine, had three children; married (2) Admiral Lord Frederick Hallyburton, no children
Augustus FitzClarence (1805 – 1854), Sarah Elizabeth Catharine Gordon, had six children
Amelia FitzClarence (1807-1858), married Lucius Bentinck Cary, 10th Viscount Falkland, had one son

William and Dorothea’s children married into the British aristocracy and their many descendants include a number of notable people including sisters Princess Alexandra, Duchess of Fife and Princess Maud, Countess of Southesk (granddaughters of King Edward VII and daughters of Princess Louise, Princess Royal and Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife, a descendant of Dorothea Jordan and King William IV), Duff Cooper, 1st Viscount Norwich (British diplomat, Cabinet member, author), John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute (also known as Johnny Dumfries, racing driver), and David Cameron, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

Mary and her siblings had little contact with their mother Dorothea Jordan after 1811 when their father ended his relationship with her. After losing much of her savings when her daughter Augusta and her husband ran up large debts in her name, Dorothea’s health quickly began to decline. Virtually penniless, Dorothea Jordan died in Saint-Cloud, France on July 5, 1816, at the age of 54. She is buried in the local cemetery in Saint-Cloud.

Charles Fox, Mary’s husband; Credit – www.findagrave.com

Like her eldest brother George, Mary also married another illegitimate child. Charles Fox was the illegitimate son of Henry Fox, 3rd Baron Holland, through an affair with Elizabeth Vassall, the wife of Sir Godfrey Webster, 4th Baronet. Charles’ mother Elizabeth was divorced by her husband on the grounds of adultery and two days later, she married Charles’ father. After their marriage, they had four more children, Charles’ siblings. On June 19, 1824, at the Parish Church of St. George in Hanover Square, Mayfair, London, England, Mary married Charles Fox but their marriage was childless. Mary and Charles established their household in Little Holland House, a Fox family property in Kensington, London, England.

Mary and Charles’ home Little Holland House; Credit – Wikipedia

In 1835, Mary was appointed State Housekeeper at Windsor Castle. Two years later, Mary’s father King William IV died and Mary’s first cousin Victoria ascended the throne. Like her siblings and their spouses, Mary and Charles occasionally dined at Windsor Castle with Queen Victoria. In 1837, Mary published a utopian feminist gothic novel entitled “An Account of an Expedition to the Interior of New Holland”. New Holland was a contemporary European name for Australia. In her novel, Mary portrayed New Holland as “a mysterious and unreal” place.

Mary’s husband Charles Fox had a brief career in the Royal Navy and a long career in the British Army. In 1809, when he was thirteen, Charles joined the Royal Navy and served as a midshipman until 1813, participating in the Napoleonic Wars. Dissatisfied with his prospects, in 1815 he joined the British Army and served in the 85th Regiment of Foot. Charles was rapidly promoted to Lieutenant in 1818, Captain in 1824, Major in 1825, and Lieutenant Colonel in 1827. Charles was Surveyor-General of the Ordnance from 1832 to 1834, in 1841, and again from 1846 to 1852, with the responsibility of ensuring the ordnance (weapons and ammunition) the British Army received was of good quality. He was promoted to Major-General in 1846, Lieutenant-General in 1854, and General in 1863. From 1865 to until he died in 1873, Richard served as the commander of the 57th (West Middlesex) Regiment of Foot, a line infantry regiment in the British Army.

Charles was also active in working for the Whig Party on a local level. In 1831, he was elected to Parliament and served for a total of ten years over several periods. Mary and Charles’ home Little Holland House Holland became a famous meeting place for prominent Whig politicians.

Grave of Lady Mary Fox and her husband Charles Fox; Credit – www.findagrave.com

Lady Mary Fox, aged 65, died on July 13, 1864, in London, England. Her husband Charles survived her by nearly nine years, dying at the age of 76, on April 13, 1873, in London. They are both buried at Kensal Green Cemetery in London, England.

Works Cited

Beauclerk-Dewar, Peter & Powell, Roger. (2006). Right Royal Bastards – The Fruits of Passion. Burke’s Peerage & Gentry LLC.
Flantzer, Susan. (2015). King William IV of the United Kingdom. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/king-william-iv-of-the-united-kingdom/
Gen Charles Richard Fox (1796-1873) – Find a… (2023). Findagrave.com. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/35773021/charles_richard_fox
Lady Mary FitzClarence Fox (1798-1864) – Find a… (2016). Findagrave.com. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/35773801/mary_fox
Mehl, Scott. (2020). Dorothea Jordan, Mistress of King William IV of the United Kingdom. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/dorothea-jordan-mistress-of-king-william-iv-of-the-united-kingdom/
Weir, Alison. (2008). Britain’s Royal Families – The Complete Genealogy. Vintage Books.
Wikipedia Contributors. (2024). Charles Richard Fox. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Richard_Fox
Wikipedia Contributors. (2024). Lady Mary Fox. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Mary_Fox

Sophia Sidney, Baroness De L’Isle and Dudley, born Sophia FitzClarence, Illegitimate Daughter of King William IV of the United Kingdom

by Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2024

Sophia FitzClarence; Credit – Wikipedia

Sophia Sidney, Baroness De L’Isle and Dudley was born Sophia FitzClarence on August 25, 1796, in London, England. She was the third of the ten children and the eldest of the five daughters of King William IV of the United Kingdom and his mistress Dorothea Jordan. Sophia’s paternal grandparents were King George III of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Francis Bland, a stagehand, and his mistress Grace Phillips, an actress were her maternal grandparents.

From 1790 until 1811, before he became king, King William IV of the United Kingdom had a long-term relationship with actress Dorothea Jordan. Their relationship resulted in ten children who were given the surname FitzClarence. The surname comes from the Anglo-Norman Fitz, meaning “son of” and Clarence, from King William IV’s title before he became king, Duke of Clarence.

Sophia’s parents The Duke of Clarence (later King William IV) and Dorothea Jordan; Credit – Wikipedia

The children of King William IV and Dorothea Jordan had an elder half-brother, William Henry Courtney, born around 1788 to an unknown mother, and named after his father whose given names were William Henry. Dorothea Jordan cared for William, and she was fond of him and he was fond of her. William served in the Royal Navy from 1803 until 1807 when his ship HMS Blenheim was lost in a gale off Madagascar. Despite an extensive search, no trace of the ship was ever found. 590 men were lost aboard HMS Blenheim, including King William IV’s eldest illegitimate son nineteen-year-old William Henry Courtney.

Nine of the ten children of King William IV and Dorothea Jordan were named after nine of William’s fourteen siblings. The tenth child was given William’s middle name Henry.

George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster (1794 – 1842), married Mary Wyndham, had seven children
Henry Edward FitzClarence (1795 – 1817), unmarried, died at age 22
Mary FitzClarence (1798 – 1864), married General Charles Richard Fox, no children
Frederick FitzClarence (1799 – 1854), married Lady Augusta Boyle, had two children
Elizabeth FitzClarence (1801 – 1856), married William Hay, 18th Earl of Erroll, had four children
Adolphus FitzClarence (1802 – 1856), unmarried
Augusta FitzClarence (1803 – 1865), married (1) The Honorable John Kennedy-Erskine, had three children; married (2) Admiral Lord Frederick Hallyburton, no children
Augustus FitzClarence (1805 – 1854), Sarah Elizabeth Catharine Gordon, had six children
Amelia FitzClarence (1807-1858), married Lucius Bentinck Cary, 10th Viscount Falkland, had one son

Sophia and her siblings had little contact with their mother Dorothea Jordan after 1811 when their father ended his relationship with her. After losing much of her savings when her daughter Augusta and her husband ran up large debts in her name, Dorothea’s health quickly began to decline. Virtually penniless, Dorothea Jordan died in Saint-Cloud, France on July 5, 1816, at the age of 54. She is buried in the local cemetery in Saint-Cloud.

On August 13, 1825, Sophia married Philip Charles Shelley Sidney, the only son of Sir John Shelley-Sidney, 1st Baronet, and Henrietta Hunloke, and the first cousin of poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. Sophia’s husband opted to drop “Shelley” from his surname.

Sophia and Philip had six children:

Adelaide Augusta Wilhelmina Sidney (1826 – 1904), married her first cousin Frederick FitzClarence, son of George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster (an illegitimate son of King William IV and Dorothea Jordan), no children
Philip Sidney, 2nd Lord De L’Isle and Dudley (1828 – 1898), married (1) Mary Foulis, had five children (2) Emily Frances Ramsay, no children
Robert Dudley Sidney (1829 – 1830), died in infancy
Elizabeth Frederica Sidney (born and died 1831), died in infancy
Ernestine Wellington Sidney (1834 – 1910), married Philip Perceval, had four children
Sophia Philippa Sidney (1837 – 1907), married Alexander, Graf von Kielmannsegg, no children

Sophia’s husband Philip Sidney served in the House of Commons from 1829 – 1831, was an equerry to his father-in-law King William IV from 1830 – 1835, and served as Surveyor-General of the Duchy of Cornwall from 1833 – 1849. In 1835, Philip was created Baron De L’Isle and Dudley. When his father died In 1849, twelve years after Sophia’s death, Philip became 2nd Baronet of Penshurst Place. Philip Sidney, 1st Baron De L’Isle and Dudley died on March 4, 1851, aged 50, and was succeeded in his titles by his son Philip Sidney, 2nd Baron De L’Isle and Dudley.

Watercolor painting of King William IV, painted in 1837 by Sophia shortly before her death; Credit – Wikipedia

In January 1837, Sophia was appointed by her father King William IV as State Housekeeper at Kensington Palace in London. Three months later, on April 10, 1837, 40-year-old Sophia died after delivering a premature stillborn baby at Kensington Palace. She had recently completed a charming watercolor painting of her father. Sophia’s death had a severe impact on her father King William IV, who died two months later on June 20, 1837.

St. John the Baptist in Penshurst, Kent, England; Credit – By John Myers, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11767169

Sophia was interred in the Sidney Chapel at St. John the Baptist Church in Penshurst, Kent, England near Penshurst Place, the home of the Sidney family for over 450 years. There is a memorial to Sophia at St. John the Baptist Church, a life-size figure of her on a pedestal with Grecian drapery, holding a Bible, with her eyes looking upward.

Memorial to Sophia Sidney, Baroness De L’Isle and Dudley at St. John the Baptist Church; Credit – https://www.tumbarumba.co.uk

Works Cited

Beauclerk-Dewar, Peter & Powell, Roger. (2006). Right Royal Bastards – The Fruits of Passion. Burke’s Peerage & Gentry LLC.
Flantzer, Susan. (2015). King William IV of the United Kingdom. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/king-william-iv-of-the-united-kingdom/
Mehl, Scott. (2020). Dorothea Jordan, Mistress of King William IV of the United Kingdom. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/dorothea-jordan-mistress-of-king-william-iv-of-the-united-kingdom/
Weir, Alison. (2008). Britain’s Royal Families – The Complete Genealogy. Vintage Books.
Wikipedia. Sophia Sidney, Baroness De L’Isle and Dudley (2024). https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophia_Sidney,_Baroness_De_L%27Isle_and_Dudley

George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster, Illegitimate Son of King William IV of the United Kingdom

by Susan Flantzer
© Unofficial Royalty 2024

George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster; Credit – https://artuk.org/

The first of ten children of King William IV of the United Kingdom and his mistress Dorothea Jordan, George Augustus Frederick FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster, was born on January 29, 1794, on Somerset Street, Portman Square in London, England. His paternal grandparents were King George III of the United Kingdom and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Francis Bland and his mistress Grace Phillips were his maternal grandparents.

From 1790 until 1811, before he became king, King William IV of the United Kingdom had a long-term relationship with actress Dorothea Jordan. Their relationship resulted in ten children who were given the surname FitzClarence. The surname comes from the Anglo-Norman Fitz, meaning “son of” and Clarence, from King William IV’s title before he became king, Duke of Clarence.

Dorothea Jordan was born Dorothea Bland in County Waterford, Ireland, the daughter of Francis Bland, a stagehand, and his mistress Grace Phillips, an actress. Her mother encouraged Dorothea to enter the theater, and within a few years, she began to draw large crowds for her performances. She left Ireland in 1782 and moved to Leeds, England. It was at this point that she took the name Jordan. She performed for three years with the York Company, before being lured away in 1785 to move to the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in London. By then, Dorothea was becoming a very popular performer and could be counted on to bring large crowds every night. It was at Drury Lane that her life would come to the attention of The Duke of Clarence several years later.

George’s parents The Duke of Clarence (later King William IV) and Dorothea Jordan

In 1790, Dorothea was first noticed by The Duke of Clarence (later King William IV) while she was performing at Drury Lane. They quickly began an affair that would last for the next 21 years. Dorothea moved in with the Duke at his home, Clarence Lodge in Roehampton, London, England and later they moved to Bushy House in Bushy Park, Richmond upon Thames, London, England. In 1797, King George III of the United Kingdom appointed his third son William, then Duke of Clarence, the ranger of Bushy Park. The position came with the residence Bushy House in Bushy Park. William and Dorothea lived there with their ten children until their relationship ended in 1811. William continued living there with his children and later with his wife Adelaide Saxe-Meinigen after they married in 1818.

The children of King William IV and Dorothea Jordan had an elder half-brother, William Henry Courtney, born around 1788 to an unknown mother, and named after his father whose given names were William Henry. Dorothea Jordan cared for William, and she was fond of him and he was fond of her. William served in the Royal Navy from 1803 until 1807 when his ship HMS Blenheim was lost in a gale off Madagascar. Despite an extensive search, no trace of the ship was ever found. 590 men were lost aboard HMS Blenheim, including King William IV’s eldest illegitimate son nineteen-year-old William Henry Courtney.

George’s siblings:

Henry Edward FitzClarence (1795 – 1817), unmarried, died at age 22
Sophia FitzClarence (1796 – 1837), married Philip Sidney, 1st Baron De L’Isle and Dudley, had four children
Mary FitzClarence (1798 – 1864), married General Charles Richard Fox, no children
Frederick FitzClarence (1799 – 1854), married Lady Augusta Boyle, had two children
Elizabeth FitzClarence (1801 – 1856), married William Hay, 18th Earl of Erroll, had four children
Adolphus FitzClarence (1802 – 1856), unmarried
Augusta FitzClarence (1803 – 1865), married (1) The Honorable John Kennedy-Erskine, had three children; married (2) Admiral Lord Frederick Hallyburton, no children
Augustus FitzClarence (1805 – 1854), Sarah Elizabeth Catharine Gordon, had six children
Amelia FitzClarence (1807-1858), married Lucius Bentinck Cary, 10th Viscount Falkland, had one son

As the Duke of Clarence’s son, George received a comprehensive education and attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in Sandhurst, Berkshire, England. On October 18, 1819. George married Mary Wyndham (1792 – 1842), the daughter of George Wyndham, 3rd Earl of Egremont and his mistress Elizabeth Fox.

George and Mary had seven children:

Lady Adelaide Georgiana FitzClarence (1820 – 1883), unmarried.
Lady Augusta Margaret FitzClarence (1822 – 1846), married Baron Knut Philip Bonde, died in childbirth delivering a daughter
William George FitzClarence, 2nd Earl of Munster (1824 – 1901), married his first cousin Wilhelmina Kennedy-Erskine, had nine children
The Honorable Frederick Charles George FitzClarence (1826 – 1878); married his first cousin Adelaide Augusta Wilhelmine Sidney, no children
Lady Mary Gertrude FitzClarence (1832 – 1834), died in early childhood
Captain The Honorable George FitzClarence (1836 – 1894); married Maria Henrietta Scott, had five children
Lieutenant The Honorable Edward FitzClarence (1837 – 1855); unmarried, died in battle at the Siege of Sevastopol during the Crimean War

George and his siblings had little contact with their mother Dorothea Jordan after 1811 when their father ended his relationship with her. After losing much of her savings when her daughter Augusta and her husband ran up large debts in her name, Dorothea’s health quickly began to decline. Virtually penniless, Dorothea Jordan died in Saint-Cloud, France on July 5, 1816, at the age of 54. She is buried in the local cemetery in Saint-Cloud.

George served as an army officer during the Peninsular War (1807–1814) and then served in India. He attained the rank of Major-General in the British Army. His father was proud of George’s military record but was very concerned with his drinking and gambling, issues which also affected some of William’s brothers.

In 1831, the year after his father became king, 37-year-old George was created Earl of Munster, Viscount FitzClarence, and Baron Tewkesbury.

He also held several other positions:

Aide-de-Camp to his father King William IV (1830 – 1837)
Lieutenant of the Tower of London (1831 – 1833)
Privy Councillor (1833 – 1842)
Constable and Governor of Windsor Castle (1833 – 1842)
Aide-de-Camp to his first cousin Queen Victoria (1837 – 1841)

However, George was disappointed that he had not received a dukedom. Despite already receiving several important positions, George spent his later life pursuing fame, fortune, and honors. He constantly asked his father King William IV and later his first cousin Queen Victoria for financial help and lucrative appointments for himself and his children. A series of quarrels with his father and George’s increasing mental instability caused a complete breach in relations between King William IV and his son George. In 1839, George wrote to William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne, Queen Victoria’s first Prime Minister about the possibility of becoming the Governor of Malta and to Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington about money or the lack of it on December 15, 1841.

St. Mary’s Church where George is buried; By Dnwinterburn – Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10454062

Three months after writing to the Duke of Wellington, on March 20, 1842, at his home in Belgravia, London, 48-year-old George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster killed himself with a pistol given to him by his uncle King George IV when he was Prince of Wales. His suicide came as no surprise to his family, who had long been concerned about his mental condition. George was buried at St. Mary’s Church in Hampton in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, where he regularly worshipped.

Below are some suicide prevention resources.

In the United States, the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline is 988. Anyone in the United States can text or call the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline to reach trained counselors who can help them cope with a mental health emergency. National Institute of Mental Health: Suicide Prevention is also a United States resource.

Other countries also have similar resources. Please check the resources below.

Works Cited

Beauclerk-Dewar, Peter & Powell, Roger. (2006). Right Royal Bastards – The Fruits of Passion. Burke’s Peerage & Gentry LLC.
Flantzer, Susan. (2015). King William IV of the United Kingdom. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/king-william-iv-of-the-united-kingdom/
George Augustus Frederick FitzClarence 1st Earl… (2019). Findagrave.com. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/198712444/george-augustus_frederick-fitzclarence_1st_earl_of_munster
Mehl, Scott. (2020). Dorothea Jordan, Mistress of King William IV of the United Kingdom. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/dorothea-jordan-mistress-of-king-william-iv-of-the-united-kingdom/
Weir, Alison. (2008). Britain’s Royal Families – The Complete Genealogy. Vintage Books.
Wikipedia Contributors. (2024, June 16). George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_FitzClarence

Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden, Count von Wallmoden-Gimborn, Illegitimate Son of King George II of Great Britain

Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden, Count von Wallmoden; Credit – Wikipedia

The early kings from the British House of Hanover did not publicize their illegitimate children. Born on April 22, 1736, in Hanover in the Electorate of Hanover, now in the German state of Lower Saxony, Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden (after 1872, von Wallmoden-Gimborn) was the illegitimate son of King George II of Great Britain (reigned 1727 – 1760) and Amalie von Wallmoden, Countess of Yarmouth, George II’s mistress from 1735 until he died in 1760. Johann Ludwig’s paternal grandparents were King George I of Great Britain and Sophia Dorothea of Celle, Electoral Princess of Hanover. His maternal grandparents were Hanoverian General Johann Franz von Wendt and Friederike Charlotte von dem Bussche-Ippenburg.

In 1727, Johann Ludwig’s mother Amalie von Wendt married Count Adam Gottlieb von Wallmoden and the couple had two children, Johann Ludwig’s half-siblings:

Franz Ernst von Wallmoden (1728 – 1776)
Friederike von Wallmoden (1729 – 1800)

Johann Ludwig’s parents, King George II of Great Britain and Amalie von Wallmoden

Amalie met King George II in 1735 while he was visiting his Electorate of Hanover, and they quickly began an affair that would last for the next twenty-five years. Her husband was paid off to turn a blind eye to the affair. When Amalie gave birth to Johann Ludwig, he was registered as being her husband’s child.

Johann Ludwig had eight royal half-siblings from his father’s marriage with Caroline of Ansbach:

Frederick, Prince of Wales (1707 – 1751), married Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, had eight children, including King George III of the United Kingdom and Caroline Matilda of Wales, Queen Consort of Denmark and Norway
Anne, Princess Royal (1709 – 1759), married Willem IV, Prince of Orange, had three children including Willem V, Prince of Orange but only two survived to adulthood
Princess Amelia (1711 – 1786), unmarried
Princess Caroline (1713 – 1757), unmarried
Prince George William (1717 – 1718), died in infancy
Prince William, Duke of Cumberland (1721 – 1765), unmarried
Princess Mary (1723 – 1772), married Friedrich II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, had four sons
Princess Louise (1724 -1751), married Frederik V, King of Denmark and Norway, had five children including Sophia Magdalena, Queen Consort of Sweden and King Christian VII of Denmark and Norway

Thoroughly smitten with Amalie, King George II continued to visit Hanover specifically to see her. Correspondence shows he discussed the relationship extensively with his wife Queen Caroline and Prime Minister Robert Walpole. Meanwhile, his constant absence from London was causing him to lose the support of many in Great Britain. Sensing this, Walpole encouraged Queen Caroline to suggest to her husband that he return to England and bring Amalie with him. However, King George II felt it would be inappropriate and chose to continue his trips back and forth to Hanover.

After Queen Caroline died in 1737, George finally called for Amalie to join him in England. Upon her arrival in early 1738, Amalie, accompanied by two-year-old Johann Ludwig, was given apartments in St. James’s Palace, King George II’s primary residence, and Kensington Palace. The following year, Amalie was divorced from her husband, who received an annual pension of £4,000 from King George II.

In 1740, Amalie became a naturalized citizen of Great Britain, and on March 24, 1740, she was granted a life peerage as Countess of Yarmouth and Baroness Yarmouth in the County of Norfolk in her own right. This would be the last time a British royal mistress would be given a peerage title. After King George II died in 1760, Amalie received an annuity of £10,000 and retained her apartments in the palaces, but soon returned to her native Hanover. Five years later, on October 19, 1765, Amalie von Wallmoden, Countess of Yarmouth, died of breast cancer at the age of 61.

Johann Ludwig was brought up at his father’s court. As King George II’s son, he received a comprehensive education and when his education was complete, Johann Ludwig went on a grand tour of Italy. During his grand tour of Italy, Johann Ludwig began to collect art and antiquities under the expert guidance of Johann Joachim Winckelmann, an art historian and archaeologist. After his grand tour of Italy, Johann Ludwig joined the Hanoverian Army and rose to the rank of major general.

In 1782, Prince Johann I of Schwarzenberg sold one of his territories, the County of Gimborn in Westphalia, now part of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, to Johann Ludwig. A year later, he was raised to the nobility of the Holy Roman Empire by Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II, with the title Reichsgraf von Wallmoden-Gimborn. A Reichsgraf (Graf = Count in German) was a Count of the Holy Roman Empire. Because Johann Ludwig’s sons were either unmarried or had no children, his son Karl August Ludwig was the last person to hold the title.

Wallmoden Palace; Credit – Von Christian A. Schröder (ChristianSchd) – Eigenes Werk, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=44610341

In what is now the Georgengarten in the German city of Hanover, Johann Ludwig built Wallmoden Palace, especially for his art collection. At the time of his death, Johann Ludwig’s private collection consisted of at least 549 paintings and 80 sculptures, of which 44 were ancient sculptures from the 1st to 3rd centuries, and a collection of 8,000 books. The sculptures and books were left to Johann Ludwig’s nephew King George III of the United Kingdom. In 1818, the collection of paintings was auctioned and sold to buyers around the world. The sculpture collection is still owned by the House of Hanover, whose current Head of House is Ernst August V, Hereditary Prince of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick. The sculpture collection was on permanent loan to the Archaeological Institute of the University of Göttingen from 1979 to 2023. In May 2023, Ernst August V of Hanover announced that he had terminated the loan agreement and that the sculpture collection returned to Hanover on June 1, 2023.

Johann Ludwig married two times. On April 18, 1766, in the Electorate of Hanover, now in the German state of Lower Saxony, Johann Ludwig married Charlotte Christiane Auguste Wilhelmine von Wangenheim who died on July 21, 1783, aged forty-three.

Johann Ludwig and Charlotte had five children:

Ernst Georg August von Wallmoden (1767 – 1792), unmarried
Ludwig Georg Thedel von Wallmoden (1769 – 1862), unmarried, General of the Cavalry in the Imperial Army of the Austrian Empire
Georgine Charlotte Auguste von Wallmoden (1770 – 1859), married (1) Baron Karl August von Lichtenstein, no children, divorced (2) Count Friedrich Abraham Wilhelm von Arnim-Zichow, had four children, divorced (3) Charles Henri, Marquis le Marchant de Charmont, no children
Wilhelmine Magdalene Friederike von Wallmoden (1772 – 1819), married Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein, had two children
Friedrike Eleonore Juliane von Wallmoden (1776 – 1826), married Ludwig Friedrich Count von Kielmansegg, had three children

After the death of his first wife, Johann Ludwig married Baroness Luise Christiane von Lichtenstein on August 3, 1788, in Bückeburg, then in the Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe, now in the German state of Lower Saxony.

Johann Ludwig and Luise Christiane had three children:

Karl August Ludwig von Wallmoden, Count of Wallmoden-Gimborn (1792 – 1883), Austrian Privy Councillor and Lieutenant Field Marshal in the Imperial Army of the Austrian Empire, married Countess Zoe von Grünne, no children
Adolf Franz James Wilhelm von Wallmoden (1794 – 1825), unmarried
Luise Henriette von Wallmoden (1796–1851), married Karl Julius Heinrich von Rottenhan, had five children

Church of Heinde; Credit – Gemeinfrei, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=209734

Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden died on October 10, 1811, aged 75, in the Electorate of Hanover. He was buried in the von Wallmoden family’s hereditary burial site below the tower of the Church of Heinde in Heinde now in the German state of Lower Saxony.

Works Cited

Autoren der Wikimedia-Projekte. (2007). Generalmajor und Kunstsammler. Wikipedia.org; Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Ludwig_von_Wallmoden-Gimborn
Autoren der Wikimedia-Projekte. (2021). Kirchengebäude in Heinde in Niedersachsen. Wikipedia.org; Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirche_von_Heinde
Autoren der Wikimedia-Projekte. (2023). Sammlung von antiken, römischen Skulpturen. Wikipedia.org; Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sammlung_Wallmoden
Beauclerk-Dewar, Peter & Powell, Roger. (2006). Right Royal Bastards – The Fruits of Passion. Burke’s Peerage & Gentry LLC.
Flantzer, Susan. (2015). King George II of Great Britain. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/king-george-ii-of-great-britain/
Mehl, Scott. (2020). Amalie von Wallmoden, Countess of Yarmouth, Mistress of King George II of Great Britain. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/amalie-von-wallmoden-countess-of-yarmouth-mistress-of-king-george-ii-of-great-britain/
Weir, Alison. (2008). Britain’s Royal Families – The Complete Genealogy. Vintage Books.
Wikipedia Contributors. (2024). Johann Ludwig von Wallmoden. Wikipedia; Wikimedia Foundation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Ludwig

Margarete Gertrud von der Schulenburg, Illegitimate Daughter of King George I of Great Britain

Margarete Gertrud von der Schulenburg; Credit – kleio.org

The early kings from the British House of Hanover did not publicize their illegitimate children. King George I had three illegitimate daughters with his long-term mistress Melusine von der Schulenburg before he became King of Great Britain. At the time of Anna Luise Sophie’s birth her father, the future King George I of Great Britain, was the heir of his father Ernst August, Elector of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Prince of Calenberg. George succeeded to those titles when his father died in 1698.

Margrete Gertrud’s father King George I of Great Britain; Credit – Wikipedia

The British House of Stuart failed to provide a legitimate Protestant heir as required by the Act of Settlement of 1701. When Queen Anne of Great Britain died on August 1, 1714, George, Elector of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Prince of Calenberg was the closest Protestant heir to the British throne. George’s mother was Sophia of the Palatinate, commonly called Electress Sophia of Hanover. Sophia was the daughter of Elizabeth Stuart, the second child and eldest daughter of King James VI of Scotland/King James I of England. Therefore, the Protestant, German-born George, Elector of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Prince of Calenberg became King George I of Great Britain, the first monarch of the British House of Hanover, bypassing dozens of Catholics with a better hereditary claim to the British throne.

Margarete Gertrud von der Schulenburg was born on January 10, 1701, in the Electorate of Hanover, now in the German state of Lower Saxony, the daughter of the future King George I of Great Britain and his mistress Melusine von der Schulenburg. Her paternal grandparents were Ernst August, Elector of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Sophia of the Palatinate. Her maternal grandparents were Gustavus Adolphus, Freiherr (Baron) von der Schulenburg (link in German) and his first wife Petronella Ottilie von Schwencken.

Margarete Gertrud’s mother Melusine von der Schulenburg; Credit – Wikipedia

Margarete Getrud’s mother Melusine von der Schulenburg came from an old Brandenburg noble family. Her father served as a member of the Brandenburg Privy Council. Melusine’s mother died in childbirth along with her last child. In 1690, Melusine became a maid of honor to Electress Sophia of Hanover, the mother of the future King George I. A year later, Melusine became George’s mistress. In 1694, George annulled his marriage to Sophia Dorothea of Celle after she fell in love with the Swedish Count Philip Christoph von Königsmarck, an officer in the Hanoverian army. Königsmarck disappeared and it was widely believed that George ordered Königsmarck’s death. Sophia Dorothea was banished to the Castle of Ahlden in her father’s territory of the Principality of Celle now in Lower Saxony, Germany. She was not allowed to remarry, would never again see her children, and was kept as a prisoner at the Castle of Ahlden until she died in 1727. George did not marry again and Melusine remained his mistress until he died, also in 1727.

Margarete Gertrud had two full sisters:

Anna Luise Sophie von der Schulenburg (1692 – 1773), married Ernst August Philipp von dem Bussche zu Ippenburg, no children, divorced
Petronilla Melusina von der Schulenburg (1693 – 1778), known as Melusina, married Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, no children

Margarete Gertrud had two half-siblings from her father’s marriage to Sophia Dorothea of Celle:

King George II of Great Britain (1683 – 1760), married Caroline of Ansbach, had eight children
Sophia Dorothea of Hanover (1687 – 1757), married Friedrich Wilhelm, Margrave of Brandenburg (later King Friedrich Wilhelm I in Prussia), had fourteen children

Margarete Gertrud and her sisters Petronilla Melusina and Anna Luise Sophie were never openly acknowledged as King George I’s children. Instead, two of their mother’s sisters and their husbands officially acknowledged them. Anna Luise and Melusina were raised by Melusine’s sister Margarete Gertrud and her husband and distant cousin Friedrich Achaz von der Schulenburg. Margarete was raised by Melusine’s sister Sophie Juliane and her husband Rabe Christoph, Count (Graf) von Oeynhausen. Sometimes Margarete Gertrud is referred to as Margarete Gertrud von Oeynhausen.

In 1714, King George I made his state entry into London accompanied by his mistress Melusine von der Schulenburg, nicknamed “the Maypole” by the British because of her tall thin appearance. Melusine and their daughters lived with King George I in the royal palaces and acted as his hostess. At Kensington Palace, Melusine had a three-story apartment overlooking the gardens. Melusine became a naturalized British citizen in 1716 and in the same year was created Duchess of Munster, Countess and Marchioness of Dungannon, and Baroness of Dundalk for life. In 1719, she was further created Duchess of Kendal, Countess of Feversham, and Baroness of Glastonbury and Somerset for life.

Margarete Gertrud’s husband Albrecht Wolfgang, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe; Credit – Wikipedia

Nicknamed Trundchen, Margarete Gertrud was the favorite of her father King George I. At her father’s court, she met the future Albrecht Wolfgang, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe. Albrecht Wolfgang and his brother were educated in England because of their parents’ estrangement and eventual divorce. In 1720, Albrecht Wolfgang entered King George I’s service at court. King George I thought Albrecht Wolfgang would be a good match for Margarete Gertrud.

Before the couple married in 1721, King George I asked Holy Roman Emperor Karl VI to grant Margarete Gertrud an imperial title so her marriage to Albrecht Wolfgang would be an equal marriage. Karl VI agreed and created Margarete Gertrud Countess of Oeynhausen. It was also a political marriage. The County of Schaumburg-Lippe bordered the Electorate of Hanover, and King George I was also the Elector of Hanover. The marriage allied the County of Schaumburg-Lippe with George I thereby neutralizing any territorial expansion of the Electorate of Hanover and providing the small County of Schaumburg-Lippe protection against claims of the Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel. There was a clause in the marriage contract that King George I would defend the County of Schaumburg-Lippe against its enemies.

Margarete Gertrud and Albrecht Wolfgang’s son Wilhelm, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe; Credit – Wikipedia

Margarete Gertrud and Albrecht Wolfgang had two sons:

Georg Wilhelm of Schaumburg-Lippe (1722 – 1742), unmarried, killed in a duel at age 20
Wilhelm, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe (1724 – 1777), married Marie Barbara Eleonore of Lippe-Biesterfeld, had two children who both died young. Wilhelm was an important military commander in the Seven Years’ War and was General of the Artillery of the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg and a British Field Marshal, the highest rank in the British Army.

The Princely Mausoleum at the St. Martini Church; Credit – Von Beckstet – Eigenes Werk, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9678304

Twenty-five-year-old Margarete Gertrud died from tuberculosis in Mannheim, then in the Electorate of the Palatinate, now in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, on April 8, 1726, two years before her husband became the Sovereign Count of Schaumburg-Lipps. She was buried in the Princely Mausoleum at the St. Martini Church (links in German) in Stadthagen, then in the County of Schaumburg-Lippe, now in the German state of Lower Saxony.

Works Cited

Autoren der Wikimedia-Projekte. (2005). Graf von Schaumburg-Lippe-Bückeburg. Wikipedia.org; Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_Wolfgang_(Schaumburg-Lippe)
Beauclerk-Dewar, Peter & Powell, Roger. (2006). Right Royal Bastards – The Fruits of Passion. Burke’s Peerage & Gentry LLC.
Flantzer, Susan. (2015). King George I of Great Britain. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/king-george-i-of-great-britain/
‌Flantzer, Susan. (2020). Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Kendal, Mistress of King George I of Great Britain. Unofficial Royalty. https://www.unofficialroyalty.com/melusine-von-der-schulenburg-duchess-of-kendal-mistress-of-king-george-i-of-great-britain/
Margaret Gertrude, Countess of Oeynhausen. Geni_family_tree. (2022). https://www.geni.com/people/Margaret-Gertrude-Countess-of-Oeynhausen/6000000000769944176
Margarete Gertrud von Oeynhausen (1701-1726) -… (2023). Findagrave.com. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/35295100/margarete_gertrud_von_oeynhausen
Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Kendal. (2024, July 16). Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melusine_von_der_Schulenburg
Weir, Alison. (2008). Britain’s Royal Families – The Complete Genealogy. Vintage Books.

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