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James IV, King of Scots; Credit: Wikipedia

March 17, 1040 – Death of King Harald I (Harefoot) of England in Oxford, England; buried at St. Clement Danes Church in London, England
Harald Harefoot (also known as Harald I) was the son of Cnut the Great, King of England, Denmark, and Norway and his first wife Ælfgifu of Northampton. Cnut had decreed that any sons of his second marriage should take precedence over the sons of his first marriage. This meant that his son Harthacnut from his second marriage to Emma of Normandy was the legitimate heir to England and Denmark. Harald was elected regent of England after his father died in 1035. He initially ruled England in place of his half-brother Harthacnut, who was stuck in Denmark due to a rebellion in Norway. Although Harald had wished to be crowned king, the Archbishop of Canterbury refused to do so. It was not until 1037 that Harald was officially proclaimed king.  24-year-old  Harald died after a reign of five years and was buried at St. Peter’s Abbey, the precursor to Westminster Abbey, which would start to be built on the site two years later. Harthacnut arrived in England and ascended the English throne unchallenged. He had Harald Harefoot’s body exhumed, decapitated, and thrown into a swamp, but then it was retrieved and thrown in the River Thames. A fisherman pulled Harald Harefoot’s body from the River Thames and it was buried at St. Clement Danes Church in London, originally founded by Danes in the ninth century.
Unofficial Royalty: King Harald I of England

March 17, 1473 – Birth of James IV, King of Scots, at Stirling Castle in Stirling, Scotland
James IV married Margaret Tudor, daughter of Henry VII of England and sister of Henry VIII of England, as part of a treaty between Scotland and England. James IV and Margaret had four sons and two stillborn daughters. Only one of their children, James V, King of Scots, the father of Mary, Queen of Scots, survived infancy. Despite the great hopes of peace between England and Scotland as symbolized by the marriage of Margaret and James IV, Margaret’s brother Henry VIII did not have his father’s diplomatic patience and was heading toward a war with France. James IV was committed to his alliance with France and invaded England. Henry VIII was away on campaign in France and Flanders in 1513 and he had made his wife Catherine of Aragon regent in his absence. It was up to Catherine to supervise England’s defense when Scotland invaded. Ultimately, the Scots were defeated at the Battle of Flodden near Branxton, Northumberland, England on September 9, 1513, and 30-year-old King James IV was killed in the battle. Catherine sent Henry VIII the blood-stained coat of his defeated and dead brother-in-law. James IV’s seventeen-month-old son succeeded his father as James V, King of Scots.
Unofficial Royalty: James IV, King of Scots

March 17, 1814 – Birth of Kamehameha III, King of the Hawaiian Islands in Keauhou Bay, on the island of Hawaiʻi in the Kingdom of Hawaii
Kamehameha III, King of the Hawaiian Islands, reigned from 1825 to 1854. He was the longest-reigning monarch of the Kingdom of the Hawaiian Islands, reigning for 29 years and 192 days. In 1837, Kamehameha III married Kalama Hakaleleponi Kapakuhaili, the only child of High Chief Naihekukui, who was commander of the native Hawaiian fleet at Honolulu. The couple had two sons, but they both died in infancy. During his reign, Kamehameha III’s goal was a careful balance of modernization by adopting Western ways while keeping his nation intact. On December 15, 1854, at the ʻIolani Palace in Honolulu, Kamehameha III suddenly died, aged 40, after a brief illness, possibly related to a stroke.
Unofficial Royalty: Kamehameha III, King of the Hawaiian Islands

March 17, 1817 – Birth of Kalama, Queen Consort of the Hawaiian Islands, wife of King Kamehameha III, in Kailua, on the island of Oahu, Kingdom of the Hawaiian Islands, now in the state of Hawaii
Kalama Hakaleleponi Kapakuhaili was the only wife of King Kamehameha III of the Hawaiian Islands, the first Hawaiian king not to practice polygamy. Kalama was the only child of Naihe Kukui Kapihe and Chiefess Iʻahuʻula, the younger sister of Charles Kanaʻina, who served on both the Privy Counsel as an advisor to the Kings of the Hawaiian Islands and in the House of Nobles. Kamehameha III and Kalama had two sons, but they both died in infancy. Kalama outlived her husband Kamehameha III and his nephew Kamehameha IV, and was known as the Queen Dowager. In 1869, during the reign of Kamehameha V, she welcomed Queen Victoria’s son Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh on his visit to the Kingdom of the Hawaiian Islands. Kamala, aged 53, died during the reign of Kamehameha V, on September 20, 1870, in Honolulu, on the island of Oahu.
Unofficial Royalty: Kalama, Queen Consort of the Hawaiian Islands, wife of King Kamehameha III

March 17, 1849 – Death of King Willem II of the Netherlands in Tilburg, the Netherlands; buried at the Nieuwe Kerk in Delft, the Netherlands
When he was two years old, Willem’s family was forced into exile when the French invaded and occupied the Dutch Republic during the Napoleonic Wars. Willem spent his childhood at the Prussian court. He received military training, served in the Prussian Army, and then attended Oxford University in England. In 1811, he entered the British Army and was an aide-de-camp to Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. Willem’s family returned to the Netherlands in 1813 after the French retreated. In 1816, Willem married Grand Duchess Anna Pavlovna of Russia and the couple had five children. Willem came to the Dutch throne in 1840 when his father King Willem I abdicated due to constitutional changes he disagreed with, anger over the loss of Belgium, and his desire to make a morganatic second marriage with Henriëtte d’Oultremont after the death of his wife. During Willem II’s reign, the power of many monarchs diminished. The revolutions of 1848 and 1849, in which Louis-Philippe of France was deposed and other European monarchs were forced by violence to make concessions, made him fear for his throne. Willem decided to institute a more liberal government, believing it was better to grant reforms instead of having them imposed on him on less favorable terms later. During the few months of his life, Willem had health issues. He died, aged 57, on March 17, 1849.
Unofficial Royalty: King Willem II of the Netherlands

March 17, 1886 – Birth of Princess Patricia of Connaught, granddaughter of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, at Buckingham Palace in London, England
Full name: Victoria Patricia Helena Elizabeth
Known as Patsy in the family, Princess Patricia was the daughter of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia.  When she married  Sir Alexander Ramsay, she voluntarily relinquished the style of Royal Highness and the title of Princess of Great Britain and Ireland, and assumed the style Lady Patricia Ramsay. However, Lady Patricia remained a member of the British Royal Family, remained in the line of succession, and attended all major royal events including weddings, funerals, and coronations.
Unofficial Royalty: Princess Patricia of Connaught

March 17, 1904 – Death of Prince George, 2nd Duke of Cambridge, son of Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, at his home, Gloucester House in London, England; buried  in a  mausoleum at Kensal Green Cemetery in London, England
George was a male-line grandson of King George III, a first cousin of Queen Victoria, and the maternal uncle of Princess Victoria Mary (May) of Teck, the wife of King George V. Like his father, George had a career in the British army and was eventually Commander-in-Chief of the Forces. In 1847, George married actress Louisa Fairbrother in contravention of the 1772 Royal Marriages Act. The three children born of the marriage were considered illegitimate. Queen Victoria ignored her existence, and Louisa was not styled and titled as befitted the wife of George. She was first known as Mrs. Fairbrother and later as Mrs. FitzGeorge. In 1850, George’s father died and George became the 2nd Duke of Cambridge. Louisa died in 1890, at the age of 73. On March 17, 1904, Prince George, Duke of Cambridge died at the age of 84. Because George’s sons were illegitimate, his title Duke of Cambridge became extinct. 107 years later, the title Duke of Cambridge was created for Prince William, the great-great-great-great-grandson of George’s father Prince Adolphus, 1st Duke of Cambridge, on the occasion of William’s wedding.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince George, 2nd Duke of Cambridge

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Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duchess of Kent; Credit – Wikipedia

March 16, 1485 – Death of Anne Neville, Queen of England, wife of King Richard III of England, at Palace of Westminster in London, England; buried at Westminster Abbey in London, England
Anne was the wife of Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales (son of King Henry VI) and the wife of King Richard III. Born Lady Anne Neville, she was the younger of the two daughters of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick and Lady Anne Beauchamp. Anne’s father, known as “the Kingmaker,” was one of the major players in the Wars of the Roses, originally on the Yorkist side but later switching to the Lancastrian side. Both Anne’s parents were descendants of King Edward III of England. Anne died of tuberculosis eleven months after the death of her only child, Edward, Prince of Wales. Her husband Richard III was killed at the Battle of Bosworth five months after her death.
Unofficial Royalty: Anne Neville, Queen of England

March 16, 1688 – Birth of Christina Sophia of East Frisia, Princess of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, second of the two wives of Friedrich Anton, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, in Bayreuth, then in the Margraviate of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, now in the German state of Bavaria
Princess Christina Sophia of East Frisia and Friedrich Anton, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt married in 1729, but their marriage was childless. However, Christina Sophia was the stepmother to her husband’s two surviving children from her husband’s first marriage. During Christina Sophia’s marriage to Friedrich Anton, her husband issued letters of protection to Jewish families and allowed them to settle in Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt. These families developed into the Jewish community of the Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.
Unofficial Royalty: Christina Sophia of East Frisia, Princess of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt

March 16, 1737 – Death of Erdmuthe of Dietrichstein, Princess of Liechtenstein, wife of her first cousin Hans-Adam I, Prince of Liechtenstein, in Vienna, then in the Duchy of Austria, now in Austria; buried in the Old Crypt at Chuch of the Nativity of the Virgin Mary in Brno, Moravia, now Vranov, Czech Republic.
In 1681, nineteen-year-old Erdmuthe married her nineteen-year-old first cousin Hans-Adam, heir to the Principality of Liechtenstein. The couple had eleven children but all their sons predeceased Hans-Adam. Hans-Adam died in 1712, at the age of 49. After the death of her husband, Erdmuthe spent most of her time in Vienna and Judenau-Baumgarten, which was owned by the House of Liechtenstein and where Erdmuthe founded a hospital. She devoted herself to philanthropic activities, including providing shelters for the poor. Erdmuthe survived her husband by twenty-five years, dying on March 16, 1737, in Vienna, Austria at the age of 84.
Unofficial Royalty: Erdmuthe of Dietrichstein, Princess of Liechtenstein

March 16, 1792 – King Gustav III of Sweden shot by Count Jacob Johan Ankarstrom at a masked ball at the Royal Opera House in Stockholm, Sweden; he died two weeks later
King Gustav III of Sweden is best known for being mortally wounded during a masked ball at the Royal Opera House in Stockholm, Sweden, and dying thirteen days later. The incident was the subject of Giuseppe Verdi’s 1859 opera Un Ballo in Maschera (A Masked Ball). Gustav was the eldest son of King Adolf Frederik of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, daughter of King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia and Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, daughter of King George I of Great Britain. In 1766, Gustav married Princess Sophia Magdalena of Denmark and the couple had one surviving son. Gustav became King of Sweden upon the death of his father in 1771. In 1772, Gustav arranged for a coup d’état known as the Revolution of 1772 or Coup of Gustav III. The coup d’état reinstated an absolute monarchy and ended parliamentary rule. The Russo-Sweden War and the implementation of the Union and Security Act in 1789, which gave the king more power and abolished many of the privileges of the nobility, contributed to the increasing hatred of Gustav III, which had existed among the nobility since the 1772 coup. In the winter of 1791-1792, a conspiracy was formed within the nobility to kill the king and reform the government. Read more about the assassination in the link below.
Unofficial Royalty: Assassination of Gustav III, King of Sweden
Unofficial Royalty: King Gustav III of Sweden

March 16, 1809 – Birth of Emma Portman, Baroness Portman, Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Victoria
Born Emma Lascelles, daughter of Henry Lascelles, 2nd Earl of Harewood, she married Edward Portman, Baron Portman. Emma first met Queen Victoria in 1835 when the young Princess visited Harewood House, the home of the Lascelles family. Despite their ten-year age difference, the two began a friendship lasting until Emma’s death. So it was very fitting that in June 1837, Victoria wrote to Emma, shortly after her accession, asking her to become one of her Ladies in Waiting. She served as Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1851, and then as an Extra Lady between 1851 and 1865.
Unofficial Royalty: Emma Portman, Baroness Portman

March 16, 1856 – Birth of Louis Napoléon, Prince Imperial, the only child of Napoleon III, Emperor of the French, in Paris, France
Full name: Napoléon Eugène Louis Jean Joseph
Exiled in England after the fall of his father, Louis Napoléon begged to participate in the Anglo-Zulu War in Africa.  When the Anglo-Zulu War started in Africa, Louis wanted to take part. He was only allowed to do so after his mother approved and Queen Victoria intervened to get him a place in the British Army.  On June 1, 1879, Louis participated in a nine-member reconnaissance mission that was surprised by forty Zulu warriors. Louis had not totally mounted his horse at the time of the attack, held on to the saddle as the horse started to run but fell off the horse. With his revolver in his hand, he started to run but the Zulus could run faster. The Zulus overtook him and stabbed to death the 23-year-year old Louis.
Unofficial Royalty: Louis Napoléon, Prince Imperial

March 16, 1861 – Death of Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duchess of Kent, mother of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, at Frogmore House in Windsor, England; buried at the Duchess of Kent’s Mausoleum at Frogmore, Windsor
In November of 1817, the death in childbirth of Princess Charlotte of Wales, the only legitimate grandchild of King George III, necessitated the marriages of the unmarried sons of King George III to provide an heir to the throne.  Prince Edward, Duke of Kent (fourth son of King George III) married the 32-year-old widow Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. At Kensington Palace in London, their only child, the future Queen Victoria, was born on May 24, 1819. Eight months later, Edward died.  In March of 1861, after the Duchess of Kent had surgery on her arm to remove an ulcer, a severe infection developed. On March 15, 1861, Queen Victoria was notified that her mother was not expected to survive for more than a few hours. Victoria, Albert, and their daughter Alice immediately traveled from London to Windsor where the Duchess resided at Frogmore House near Windsor Castle. The Queen found her mother in a semi-coma and breathing with great difficulty. At 9:30 on the morning of March 16, 1861, the Duchess of Kent died at the age of 74 without regaining consciousness. Her mother’s death was the first of the two major deaths Queen Victoria had to endure in 1861.  Her husband Prince Albert died in December.
Unofficial Royalty: Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duchess of Kent

March 16, 1890 – Death of Princess Zorka of Montenegro, wife of the future King Peter I of Serbia, in Cetinje, Montenegro; initially buried at the Cetinje Monastery in Cetinje, Montenegro, later her remains were moved to the Mausoleum of the Serbian Royal Family beneath St. George’s Church in Oplenac, Serbia
Zorka was the daughter of King Nicholas I of Montenegro and the sister of Milicia and Anastasia, who married Russian Grand Dukes and are best known for having introduced Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, wife of Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia, to Grigori Rasputin in 1905. In 1883, Zorka married Peter Karađorđević, son and heir of the former Prince of Serbia, Alexander, who abdicated in 1858. Zorka and Peter had five children, including the future King Alexander I of Yugoslavia. On March 16, 1890, 25-year-old Princess Zorka died while giving birth to her youngest child who also died. Thirteen years after her death, her husband would return the Karađorđević dynasty to the Serbian throne as King Peter I.
Unofficial Royalty: Princess Zorka of Montenegro

March 16, 1912 – Death of Louisa Montagu Douglas Scott, Duchess of Buccleuch and Queensberry, Queen Victoria’s Mistress of the Robes 1885–1886, 1885–1886, 1895–1901 and Queen Alexandra’s Mistress of the Robes 1901-1912, at Dalkeith Palace in Midlothian, Scotland; buried in the family crypt at The Church of St. Mary the Virgin, at Dalkeith Palace
Born Lady Louisa Hamilton, she was the daughter of James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Abercorn and married William Montagu Douglas Scott, 6th Duke of Buccleuch and 8th Duke of Queensberry. They are the grandparents of Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester and the great-great-grandparents of Sarah, Duchess of York. The Duchess of Buccleuch and Queensberry died at Dalkeith Palace in Midlothian, Scotland on March 16, 1912, aged 76.
Unofficial Royalty: Louisa Montagu Douglas Scott, Duchess of Buccleuch and Queensberry

March 16, 1963 – Death of Archduchess Elisabeth Marie of Austria, Princess of Windisch-Graetz, the only child of Crown Prince Rudolf of Austria, at Villa Habsburg in Vienna, Austria, buried at the Hütteldorfer Cemetery in Vienna, Austria
Elisabeth was the only child of Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria and Stéphanie of Belgium. She was only six years old when her father was found shot to death with his mistress Baroness Mary von Vetsera in an apparent suicide pact. Imperial dislike of Elisabeth’s mother Stéphanie had been high, and as a result, her paternal grandfather, Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria took Elisabeth into his care. Following her mother’s remarriage to a Hungarian count in 1900, Elisabeth broke off all contact with her mother. In 1902, Elisabeth married Prince Otto of Windisch-Grätz. The couple had four children but the marriage had many problems. Elisabeth and Otto separated officially following World War I, and a battle over custody of their children followed. The two, however, did not legally divorce for nearly 30 years. After her separation, Elisabeth joined the Austrian Social Democratic Party and began a relationship with Leopold Petznak, a socialist leader. Her association with the Social Democratic Party and her devotion to Leopold earned Elisabeth the nickname “the Red Archduchess.” Leopold and Elisabeth married in 1948 and remained together until he died in 1956. Elisabeth’s relationship with her two surviving children was poor, and she left them few possessions upon her death, choosing instead to leave the majority to the Austrian state.
Unofficial Royalty: Archduchess Elisabeth Marie of Austria, Princess of Windisch-Graetz

March 16, 1983 – Death of Freda Dudley Ward, mistress of King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, in London, England
Freda Dudley Ward was the mistress of the future King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom from 1918 – 1934 while he was Prince of Wales.
Unofficial Royalty: Freda Dudley Ward, mistress of King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom 

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Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Queen of Denmark and Norway; Credit – Wikipedia

March 15, 1275 – Birth of Margaret of England, Duchess of Brabant, daughter of King Edward I of England, at Windsor Castle in Windsor, England
On July 8, 1290, at Westminster Abbey, Margaret married Jean II, Duke of Brabant. Margaret was unhappy at the Brabant court and unhappy in her marriage. She was forced to accept her husband’s mistresses and their illegitimate children who were raised at court along with Margaret’s only child, the future Jean III, Duke of Brabant. Margaret’s husband died in 1312.  Margaret saw the birth of all her grandchildren, including Jeanne, Duchess of Brabant, who succeeded her father Jean III, Duke of Brabant in 1355 due to the deaths of all her brothers. Margaret’s exact death date is unknown. Most likely, she died in the Duchy of Brabant, sometime after March 11, 1333.
Unofficial Royalty: Margaret of England, Duchess of Brabant

March 15, 1721 – Death of Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Queen of Denmark and Norway, first wife of King Frederick IV of Denmark and Norway, at Charlottenborg Palace in Copenhagen, Denmark; buried at Roskilde Cathedral in Roskilde, Denmark
Louise grew up at her father’s modest court at Güstrow Castle. Her parents were adherents to Pietism, a movement in the Lutheran Church in the 17th century that stressed personal piety over religious formality and orthodoxy. In 1695, Louise married the future Frederik IV, King of Denmark and Norway. Louise and Frederik had four sons and one daughter. Sadly, three sons died in infancy. Louise found it difficult to endure her husband’s infidelities and even worse, his two bigamous marriages. At times, Louise reproached her husband, often leading to embarrassing situations at the court. It is suspected that Louise’s deep religiousness was also an escape from her disappointing marriage. Louise took part in the official court life and fulfilled her ceremonial duties. Otherwise, she led a withdrawn and quiet life. Queen Louise died on March 15, 1721, aged 53, at Charlottenborg Palace in Copenhagen, Denmark.
Unofficial Royalty: Louise of Mecklenburg-Güstrow, Queen of Denmark and Norway

March 15, 1729 – Death of Elisabeth Eleonore of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen, second wife of Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, in Meiningen, Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen now in Thuringia, Germany; buried in the castle church at Elisabethenburg Palace in Meiningen
In 1675, Elisabeth Eleonore married Johann Georg of Mecklenburg-Mirow. The marriage was short-lived as Johann Georg died just five months later. In 1681, Elisabeth Eleonore married Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, who had been widowed the previous year. Elisabeth Eleonore and Bernhard had five children. The Elisabethenburg Palace in Meiningen was completed in 1692 and named for Elisabeth Eleonore who lived there with her husband, and their children for the duration of Bernhard’s reign. Following her husband’s death in 1706, Elisabeth Eleonore was drawn into the family battles over who would reign over the duchy. The in-fighting within the family took its toll on Elisabeth Eleonore, causing her to retire from public life. She died on March 15, 1729, at the age of 70.
Unofficial Royalty: Elisabeth Eleonore of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen

March 15, 1779 – Birth of William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne (Lord Melbourne), Queen Victoria’s first Prime Minister, in London, England
In June 1837, King William IV died and he was succeeded by his 18-year-old niece Queen Victoria. Victoria never knew her father, Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, because he died when she was eight months old. Melbourne was her first Prime Minister. In Queen Victoria, Melbourne had the child, the companion, and the affection he craved. In Melbourne, Queen Victoria had the father figure she never had. Their close relationship was founded in Melbourne’s responsibility for tutoring the young queen about world politics and instructing her in her role, but the relationship was much deeper. Queen Victoria came to regard Lord Melbourne as a mentor and personal friend and he was given a private apartment at Windsor Castle. He resigned as Prime Minister in August 1841 after a series of parliamentary defeats. Melbourne and Queen Victoria said a private goodbye on the terrace at Windsor Castle. Victoria cried and Melbourne told her, “For four years I have seen you daily and liked it better each day.”
Unofficial Royalty: William Lamb, 2nd Viscount Melbourne

March 15, 1804 – Birth of Sir Charles Grey, Private Secretary to Queen Victoria, at Howick Hall in Howick, Northumberland, England
General The Hon. Sir Charles Grey was Private Secretary to Queen Victoria from 1861 until 1870. He was the son of Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey and The Hon. Mary Ponsonby. His father would later serve as Prime Minister from 1830-1834, and is the person for whom ‘Earl Grey Tea’ is named. In 1836, Charles married Caroline Eliza Farquhar, the daughter of Sir Thomas Farquhar, 2nd Baronet. Caroline would later serve as an Extra Woman of the Bedchamber to Queen Victoria from 1870-1890, after her husband died. The couple had six children. In 1849, Charles was appointed Private Secretary to Prince Albert. He was given apartments at St. James’s Palace and lived in the Norman Tower at Windsor Castle, and at Osborne Cottage at Osborne House, and his children grew up as playmates of some of Victoria and Albert’s children. Over the next twelve years, he became an influential member of the royal household and a close confidante and advisor to Prince Albert. After Prince Albert died in 1861, Charles seamlessly moved into the position of Private Secretary to The Queen, a role largely filled by Prince Albert since he and Victoria married in 1840.
Unofficial Royalty: Sir Charles Grey

March 15, 1972 – Birth of Prince Constantin of Liechtenstein, son of Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein, in St. Gallen, Switzerland
Full name: Constantin Ferdinand Maria
Prince Constantin was the third of the three sons and the third of the four children of Prince Hans-Adam II of Liechtenstein and the late Princess Marie, born Countess Marie Aglaë of Wchinitz and Tettau. He received a law degree from the University of Salzburg in Austria and has worked primarily in the financial field, holding positions at investment firms in the United States and Europe. Constantin married Countess Marie Gabriele Franziska Kálnoky de Kőröspatak and the couple had three children. Prince Constantin died on December 5, 2023, at the age of 51. A statement released by the Princely House of Liechtenstein said: “The Princely House regrets to announce that H.S.H. Prince Constantin von und zu Liechtenstein passed away unexpectedly on 5 December 2023.” A private family funeral and burial took place at the Cathedral of St. Florin in Vaduz, Liechtenstein on December 10, 2023.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Constantin of Liechtenstein

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Josephine of Leuchtenberg, Queen of Sweden wearing the Cameo Tiara she brought into the Swedish royal family; Credit – Wikipedia

March 14, 1647 – Death of Frederik Hendrik, Prince of Orange in The Hague, Holland, Dutch Republic, now in the Netherlands; buried in the royal vault at the Nieuwe Kerk in Delft, the Netherlands
Frederik Hendrik was the only child of Willem I (the Silent), Prince of Orange and his fourth wife, French Huguenot Louise de Coligny. Louise’s father, Gaspard II de Coligny, was a French nobleman and admiral but is best remembered as a leader of the Huguenots (French Calvinist Protestants). He was killed during the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre in 1572 when thousands of Huguenots were murdered. In 1625, Frederik Hendrik became Prince of Orange upon the death of his elder half-brother Maurits, Prince of Orange. That same year Frederik Hendrik married Princess Amalia of Solms-Braunfels. They had nine children including Willem II, Prince of Orange who married Mary, Princess Royal, eldest daughter of King Charles I of England. Their one child was Willem III, Prince of Orange, later King William III of England. Frederik Hendrik ruled the Dutch Republic for 22 years. His reign is included in the era known as the Dutch Golden Age in which Dutch trade, science, military, and art were among the most acclaimed in the world. For many years before his death, Frederik Hendrik suffered from gout. In the summer of 1646, he had a stroke that temporarily prevented him from speaking. After that, Frederik Hendrik was physically weak, difficult to cope with, and sometimes mentally unstable. He died on March 14, 1647, in The Hague, Holland, Dutch Republic at the age of 63.
Unofficial Royalty: Frederik Hendrik Prince of Orange

March 14, 1743 – Death of Catherine Darnley, illegitimate daughter of King James II of England and his mistress Catherine Sedley, Countess of Dorchester (in her own right), in London, England; buried in the Henry VII Chapel at Westminster Abbey in London, England
In 1706, Catherine became the third wife of John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham and Normanby, who was thirty-three years older than Catherine. They had three sons but sadly, they all died young. Buckingham House, a large townhouse in London, was built by Catherine’s husband John Sheffield, 1st Duke of Buckingham. The core of today’s Buckingham Palace is Buckingham House. Catherine died on March 14, 1743, aged about sixty-two, in London, England, and was buried in a vault with her second husband and their three children in the northeastern chapel of the Henry VII Chapel in Westminster Abbey.
Unofficial Royalty: Catherine Darnley, Illegitimate Daughter of King James II of England

March 14, 1807 – Birth of Jospéhine of Leuchtenberg, Queen Josefina of Sweden, wife of King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway, in Milan, Italy
Full Name: Joséphine Maximiliane Eugénie Napoléonne, known as Josefina after her marriage
Queen Josefina was the daughter of Eugène de Beauharnais, the son of Empress Joséphine (Napoleon Bonaparte‘s first wife) from her first marriage to Alexandre, Vicomte de Beauharnais, who had been guillotined during the French Revolution. Her mother was Princess Augusta of Bavaria, daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria. When she married the future King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway,  she brought to Sweden jewelry that had belonged to her grandmother Empress Josephine, which members of the Swedish and Norwegian royal families still wear. The Cameo Tiara, originally made for Josephine’s grandmother, Joséphine, Empress of the French, was worn by her descendant Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden at her wedding in 2010. There are photos of both women wearing the Cameo Tiara in the article linked below. Josefina survived her husband for 17 years and died in Stockholm on June 7, 1876, at age 69. She remained Roman Catholic, was given a Catholic funeral, and was buried with her husband at Riddarholmen Church.
Unofficial Royalty: Joséphine of Leuchtenberg, Queen Josefina of Sweden

March 14, 1820 – Birth of Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Sardinia, and after the unification of Italy in 1861, King of Italy, at the Palazzo Carignano in Turin, Kingdom of Sardinia now in Italy
Full name: Vittorio Emanuele Maria Alberto Eugenio Ferdinando Tommaso
Vittoria Emanuele was the eldest son of Carlo Alberto, 7th Prince of Carignano, the future King of Sardinia. In 1842, he married Archduchess Adelheid of Austria and the couple had eight children. Vittorio Emanuele also had a longtime relationship with Rose Vercellana with whom he had two children. Vittorio Emanuele and Rosa eventually married. Following a massive defeat by the Austrian forces, Vittorio Emanuele’s father abdicated in 1849, and he became King of Sardinia as Vittorio Emanuele II. He became a driving force behind the Risorgimento, the Italian unification movement. In 1861, Vittorio Emanuele was proclaimed the first King of the new, united Kingdom of Italy. He focused on building up the new kingdom, both financially and culturally, further cementing his legacy as Father of the Fatherland (Padre Della Patria), a title given to him by the Italian people. He died at the age of 57.
Unofficial Royalty: Victor Emmanuel II, King of Italy

March 14, 1824 – Death of Antoinette of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duchess of Württemberg in St. Petersburg, Russian Empire; buried at Castle Friedenstein in the Prince’s Crypt at the castle church in Gotha, Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, now in Thuringia, Germany
Antoinette was the sister of Leopold I, the first King of the Belgians and an aunt to both Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and her husband Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. In 1798, Antoinette married Duke Alexander of Württemberg whose brother Friedrich would become the first King of Württemberg. Antoinette and her husband had five children, including Marie who would become the second wife of her maternal uncle Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.  Antoinette died from erysipelas, a bacterial infection of the superficial layer of the skin, at the age of 44 on March 14, 1824, in St. Petersburg, Russia.
Unofficial Royalty: Antoinette of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duchess of Württemberg

March 14, 1844 – Birth of King Umberto I of Italy in Turin, Kingdom of Sardinia, now in Italy
Full name: Umberto Ranieri Carlo Emanuele Giovanni Maria Ferdinando Eugenio
Umberto was the eldest son of the future King Vittorio Emanuele II of Italy and Archduchess Adelheid of Austria.  In 1868, Umberto married his first cousin, Princess Margherita of Savoy, and they had one son, King Vittorio Emanuele III of Italy. Umberto became King of Italy upon his father’s death in 1878. Largely unpopular with the Italian people, Umberto was soon the target of two unsuccessful assassination attempts. However, on July 29, 1900, the third try was successful. On July 29, 1900, while visiting Monza, Italy, King Umberto I was shot and killed by Gaetano Bresci, an Italian anarchist claiming to avenge the deaths of people in Milan during the riots of May 1898.
Unofficial Royalty: Umberto I, King of Italy

March 14, 1864 – Birth of Princess Marie Anna of Saxe-Altenburg, wife of Georg, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe, in Altenburg, then in the Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg, now in the German state of Thuringia
In 1882, Maria Anna married the future Georg, Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe and the couple had nine children. When his father died in 1893, Maria Anna’s husband Georg became the reigning Prince of Schaumburg-Lippe. As Princess of Schaumburg-Lippe, Maria Anna supported churches and schools. Georg died in 1911, and Marie Anna survived her husband by seven years, dying on May 3, 1918, at age 54.
Unofficial Royalty: Marie Anna of Saxe-Altenburg, Princess of Schaumberg-Lippe

March 14, 1917 – Death of Louise Margaret of Prussia, Duchess of Connaught, wife of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, at Clarence House in London, England; buried at  the Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore in Windsor, England
Louise Margaret was a granddaughter of King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia. In 1879, she married Queen Victoria’s son, Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught. They had one son and two daughters, including Margaret who married Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden. Margaret died before her husband became King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden, but she is an ancestor of the Danish and Swedish Royal Families. Louise Margaret spent the first twenty years of her marriage accompanying her husband on his various military assignments. In 1911, Arthur was appointed the first Governor-General of Canada who was also a member of the Royal Family. Louise Margaret and her youngest child Patricia accompanied Arthur to Canada. Louise Margaret died from bronchial pneumonia at the age of 56. She became the first member of the British Royal Family to be cremated, which was done at Golders Green Crematorium. Burying ashes in an urn was still unfamiliar at the time, and her urn was placed in a coffin during the funeral, which was held at St. George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle.
Unofficial Royalty: Louise Margaret of Prussia, Duchess of Connaught

March 14, 1958 – Birth of Prince Albert II of Monaco at the Prince’s Palace in Monaco
Full name: Albert Alexandre Louis Pierre
Albert is the only son and the second of three children of Rainier III, Sovereign Prince of Monaco and American actress and Academy Award winner Grace Kelly. He represented Monaco in Two-Man Bobsled and Four-Man Bobsled in five Winter Olympics (1988/Calgary, 1992/Albertville, 1994/Lillehammer, 1998/Nagano, 2002/Salt Lake City). Prince Albert has been a member of the International Olympic Committee since 1985 and is President of the Monegasque Olympic Committee. Prince Rainier III died on April 6, 2005, and Albert became the Sovereign Prince of Monaco. Albert is the father of two illegitimate children, whose paternity was confirmed by DNA tests. Neither child has a claim on the throne of Monaco. In June 2001 at the Marenostrum International Swimming Meet in Monaco, which Prince Albert presided over, he met Charlene Wittstock (born 1978), a South African swimmer, who had represented her country in the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. Albert and Charlene were married in 2011. They have two children, boy and girl twins. Even though their daughter was born first, their son is the heir apparent because Monaco’s succession is male-preference cognatic primogeniture.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Albert II of Monaco

March 14, 1989 – Death of Zita of Bourbon-Parma, Empress of Austria, wife of Karl I, last Emperor of Austria, in Zizers, Switzerland; buried at the Imperial Crypt in Vienna, Austria; her heart is with Emperor Karl’s heart in the Monastery of Muri, Switzerland
Zita was the daughter of the deposed Robert I, Duke of Parma and his second wife Maria Antonia of Portugal. She had eleven siblings and twelve half-siblings from her father’s first marriage. In 1911, she married Archduke Karl of Austria, the last Emperor of Austria, and the couple had eight children. Karl died in 1922 at the age of 34. Zita never married again and wore black for the 67 years of her widowhood. Zita had large family birthday celebrations for her 90th and 95th birthdays. Her health had been failing since her 90th birthday and the former Empress Zita died on March 14, 1989, at her home in Zizers, Switzerland at the age of 96. The government of Austria allowed Zita’s funeral to take place in Austria, provided that the Habsburg family paid the cost. The funeral mass was held at St. Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna. At least 200,000 people had filed past her coffin during the two days it lay in state at the cathedral. Over 200 Habsburg and Bourbon-Parma family members and 8,000 other guests attended the funeral.
Unofficial Royalty: Zita of Bourbon-Parma, Empress of Austria

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Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine; Credit – Wikipedia

March 13, 1669 – Death of Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya, Tsaritsa of All Russia, first wife of Alexei I, Tsar of All Russia; first buried at the Ascension Convent, a Russian Orthodox nunnery in the Moscow Kremlin, in 1929 moved to the crypt of the Archangel Cathedral in the Moscow Kremlin
In 1648, Maria Ilyinichna married Alexei I, Tsar of All Russia. They had thirteen children including two Tsars of All Russia, Fyodor III and Ivan V, and Sophia Alexeevna, who served as Regent for her brother Ivan V and half-brother Peter I (the Great). During this period, the life of Russian noblewomen, including the Tsaritsa of All Russia, was not a public one. They were expected to live in seclusion with little contact with men. Maria Ilyinichna was mainly involved in charitable and religious activities such as donating to facilities for the poor, sick, and disabled. On March 13, 1669, 45-year-old Maria Ilyinichna died of puerperal fever (childbed fever) five days after her most difficult childbirth. Her thirteenth child Yevdokia Alexeevna lived for only two days.
Unofficial Royalty: Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya, Tsaritsa of All Russia

March 13, 1741 – Birth of Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor at Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna, Austria
Full name: Joseph Benedict August Johannes Anton Michel Adam
Joseph II reigned from 1765 to 1790 as Holy Roman Emperor after being elected Holy Roman Emperor following the death of his father Franz I, Holy Roman Emperor in 1765. He was co-ruler with his mother Archduchess Maria Theresa of Austria, the only woman to be ruler of the Habsburg hereditary lands in her own right, from 1765 – 1780 of Bohemia, Hungary, Croatia, Austria, and several other Habsburg hereditary lands. He was the sole ruler from 1780 to 1790, following the death in 1780 of his mother. Joseph married three times. His three wives and his three daughters all predeceased him.
Unofficial Royalty: Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, King of Bohemia, King of Hungary and Croatia, Archduke of Austria

March 13, 1767 – Death of Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France, the second wife of Louis, Dauphin of France, at the Palace of Versailles in Versailles, France; buried at the Cathedral of Saint-Étienne in Sens, France
Maria Josepha was the daughter of Augustus III, Elector of Saxony, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania and Maria Josepha of Austria. In 1747, fifteen-year-old Maria Josepha married seventeen-year-old Louis, Dauphin of France, the son and heir apparent of his father Louis XV, King of France. They had eight children, including three Kings of France. Maria Josepha’s husband Louis never succeeded to the throne, dying of tuberculosis in 1765 at the age of 36. Maria Josepha, who had cared for Louis during his last illness, also contracted tuberculosis. She died at the Palace of Versailles, on March 13, 1767 at the age of 35, and was buried with her husband.
Unofficial Royalty: Maria Josepha of Saxony, Dauphine of France

March 13, 1808 – Death of King Christian VII of Denmark and Norway in Rendsborg, then in Denmark, now in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany; buried at Roskilde Cathedral in Roskilde, Denmark
Christian VII was the only surviving son of King Frederik V of Denmark and Norway and his first wife Princess Louisa of Great Britain, and also a grandson of King George II of Great Britain. In 1766, Christian succeeded to the Danish and Norwegian thrones after the early death of his father at age 42. That same year he married his first cousin Princess Caroline Matilda of Wales, daughter of Christian’s deceased maternal uncle Frederick, Prince of Wales. The couple had two children, but, probably, Christian was not Louise Auguste’s father. Because of Carolina Matilda’s affair with Christian’s physician Johann Friedrich Struensee, Struensee was beheaded. Twenty-year-old Caroline Matilda lost her title of Queen and was forcibly separated from her children whom she never saw again. She was sent to Celle in her brother’s Kingdom of Hanover and lived the rest of her life at Celle Castle. Christian VII’s reign was marked by mental illness and for most of his reign, he was only nominally king. His half-brother Hereditary Prince Frederik was regent of Denmark in 1772-1784. From 1784 until Christian VII’s death, Christian’s son, later Frederik VI, acted as regent. On March 13, 1808, King Christian VII died from a stroke at the age of 59.
Unofficial Royalty: King Christian VII of Denmark

March 13, 1879 – Wedding of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, son of Queen Victoria, and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia at St. George’s Chapel, Windsor Castle
In 1878, Arthur met Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia on a visit to his eldest sister Victoria, German Crown Princess and Crown Princess of Prussia. Louise Margaret was friendly with the Crown Princess and her eldest daughter Charlotte. Queen Victoria considered Louise Margaret to be a less than satisfactory possible bride for her son. She was plain-looking and had bad teeth. Her parents were unpleasant, had an unhappy marriage, and lived apart. Queen Victoria wanted to avoid associating her family with a possible scandal. However, because Arthur was so happy at the prospect of marrying Louise Margaret, Queen Victoria remained open-minded. When Queen Victoria met Louise Margaret, she became more positive and the engagement was announced.
Unofficial Royalty: Wedding of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia

March 13, 1881 – Assassination of Alexander II, Emperor of All Russia when a bomb is thrown at him near the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, Russia; buried at the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg
Of the twenty Romanov monarchs, five died violent deaths (Ivan VI, Peter III, Paul I, Alexander II, and Nicholas II). Alexander II was riding in a bomb-proof carriage, a gift from Emperor Napoleon III of France. As the carriage turned onto the Catherine Canal Embankment, a bomb was thrown. The carriage was damaged and several onlookers were wounded, but the emperor was unharmed. Next, Alexander II made a mistake that cost him his life. Unaware that another conspirator was leaning against a railing about six feet away, he left the carriage to inspect the damage and check on the wounded people, and a bomb was thrown directly between the emperor’s legs. The noise from the bomb was deafening, smoke filled the air, wounded people were screaming, and the snow was drenched with blood. When the smoke cleared, Alexander II lay mortally wounded, his legs crushed and torn from the blast of the bomb. Alexander asked to be taken to the Winter Palace so he could die there. Just the day before he died, Alexander II had completed plans to create an elected parliament and he intended to release these plans within a few days. Perhaps if Alexander II had lived Russia would have become a constitutional monarchy and not been led down the path the country ultimately took. Alexander II’s son and successor Alexander III was very conservative and reversed some liberal reforms of his father. One of the first things he did as emperor was to tear up his father’s plans for an elected parliament and cancel the order his father had signed the day he died.
Unofficial Royalty: Assassination of Alexander II, Emperor of All  Russia
Unofficial Royalty: Alexander II, Emperor of All Russia

March 13, 1892 – Death of Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine at Neues Palais in Darmstadt, Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine, now in Hesse, Germany; buried in the New Mausoleum, Rosenhöhe Park in Darmstadt
Ludwig was married to Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, daughter of Queen Victoria. They had seven children, including Alix, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, wife of Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia. Ludwig and Alice were the great-grandparents of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Ludwig succeeded his childless uncle as Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine in 1877. At the end of 1878, Ludwig’s family, except his wife Alice and his daughter Ella, came down with diphtheria. Alice nursed her family back to health, and all survived except for their youngest daughter May. Sadly, Alice eventually also became ill and was unable to fight off the illness, and died on December 14, 1878. Ludwig survived his wife by fourteen years, dying of a heart attack, on March 13, 1892, at the age of 54.
Unofficial Royalty: Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine

March 13, 1900 – Birth of Queen Sālote Tupou III of Tonga at the Royal Palace in Nukuʻalofa, Tonga
Famed for her stature (6 feet 3 inches, 270 pounds) and her appearance at the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, Queen Sālote Tupou III of Tonga was the first Queen Regnant of the Kingdom of Tonga and its longest-reigning monarch.
Unofficial Royalty: Queen Sālote Tupou III of Tonga

March 13, 1948 – Death of Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein, granddaughter of Queen Victoria, at Fitzmaurice Place, Berkeley Square in London, England; buried at Frogmore Burial Ground in Windsor, England
Helena Victoria, known as Thora, was the daughter of Princess Helena, Queen Victoria’s daughter, and Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein. Thora never married and remained at home until her mother died in 1923. Following her mother’s example, Thora was involved in many charities and organizations. These included the YMCA, YWCA, and Princess Christian’s Nursing Home in Windsor (established by her mother). She was also, with her sister Marie Louise, an avid supporter of the arts, and often held small concerts and performances at their various homes. Thora’s last years were spent rather quietly. In 1941, she was named godmother to Prince William of Gloucester, elder son of the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, to whom she was quite close. In November 1947, she made her last major public appearance at the wedding of Princess Elizabeth and Philip Mountbatten. Princess Helena Victoria died four months later, on March 13, 1948, at the age of 77.
Unofficial Royalty: Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein

March 13, 1957 – Death of Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia, Princess Nicholas of Greece, daughter of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia and wife of Prince Nicholas of Greece, in Athens, Greece; buried at the Royal Cemetery, Tatoi Palace, Greece
Elena was the only daughter of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia and Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Through her father, she was the granddaughter of Alexander II, Emperor of All Russia, niece of Alexander III, Emperor of All Russia, and first cousin of Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia. In 1902, Elena married her second cousin Prince Nicholas of Greece, the son of King George I of Greece and Grand Duchess Olga Konstantinovna of Russia. The couple had three daughters, including Princess Marina of Greece who married Prince George, Duke of Kent. Because of the political situation in Greece, members of the Greek royal family, including Elena and her husband, were often in exile. The Greek monarchy was restored in 1935, and the following year, Elena and Nicholas returned to Greece. Having suffered from declining health for several years, Prince Nicholas died in 1938. Elena remained in Greece throughout World War II. Elena and her sister-in-law, Princess Andreas of Greece (the former Princess Alice of Battenberg), worked with the Red Cross during World War II to organize shelters and nurses in the poor neighborhoods of Athens. Elena lived the rest of her life in Greece, enjoying a close relationship with King Paul and Queen Friederike, and a particularly close bond with the future King Constantine II. She died at her home in Athens on March 13, 1957.
Unofficial Royalty: Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia, Princess Nicholas of Greece

March 13, 1981 – Birth of Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia in Madrid, Spain, the only child of Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia, a disputed pretender to Headship of the Russian Imperial Family and the throne of Russia since 1992
Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia, also known as Prince George of Prussia through his father Prince Franz Wilhelm of Prussia, a great-grandson of Wilhelm II, German Emperor and King of Prussia), is the heir to his mother Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia, a disputed pretender to the Headship of the Russian Imperial Family and the throne of Russia since 1992. The Headship of the Russian Imperial Family and succession to the former Russian throne has been in dispute, mainly due to disagreements over whether marriages in the Romanov family were equal marriages – a marriage between a Romanov dynast and a member of a royal or sovereign house. In 2021, George married Rebecca Virginia Bettarini, Director of the Russian Imperial Foundation in a civil ceremony in Moscow, Russia, on September 24, 2021, followed by a religious wedding on October 1, 2021, at Saint Isaac’s Cathedral in St. Petersburg, Russia. It was the first Romanov wedding held in Russia since the Russian Revolution.
Unofficial Royalty: Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia

March 13, 2017 – Death of Richard, 6th Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg, husband of Princess Benedikte of Denmark, at his home, Berleburg Castle in Bad Berleburg, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany; buried at Forest Cemetery Sengelsberg in Berleburg
Richard, 6th Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg was the husband of Princess Benedikte of Denmark. In 1919, Germany stopped recognizing the various titles of the nobility and royalty. However, in Germany today former hereditary titles are allowed only as part of the surname. Richard and Benedikte were married in 1968 and they had three children. Richard was active in several conservation programs including a project to reintroduce European bison on his 30,000-acre estate. Richard died at his home, Berleburg Castle, on March 13, 2017, at the age of 82.
Unofficial Royalty: Richard, 6th Prince of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg

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Lady Anne Hyde, Duchess of York; Credit – Wikipedia

March 12, 1637 – Birth of Lady Anne Hyde, Duchess of York, first wife of James, Duke of York (later King James II of England), at Cranbourne Lodge in Windsor, England
Anne was the daughter of Edward Hyde, later created 1st Earl of Clarendon, an adviser to Charles II,  the king in exile in the Netherlands after the English Civil War, and soon became his chief adviser. Charles appointed Hyde Lord Chancellor in 1658. In 1654, while in the Netherlands, Anne Hyde was appointed a maid of honor to Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, the eldest daughter of King Charles I of England, the widow of Willem II, Prince of Orange, and the mother of the young Willem III, Prince of Orange who would marry Anne’s daughter Mary. Anne was very attractive and stylish and attracted many men, including James, Duke of York, the future King James II of England. On November 24, 1659, Anne and James made a secret marriage in front of witnesses. James and Anne had eight children, but only two survived childhood, and both were Queens Regnant: Queen Mary II and Queen Anne. Anne Hyde never became Queen Consort as she died before her husband became king.
Unofficial Royalty: Lady Anne Hyde, Duchess of York

March 12, 1673 – Death of Margarita Teresa of Spain, Holy Roman Empress, the first of the three wives of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, at the Hofburg Palace in Vienna, then in the Archduchy of Austria; buried in the Imperial Crypt at the Capuchin Church in Vienna
Margarita Teresa was both first cousin and niece of her husband Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. Margarita Teresa and Leopold had four children but only one survived to adulthood. Weakened from six pregnancies in six years (four living childbirths and two miscarriages), and four months into her seventh pregnancy, Margarita Teresa died on March 12, 1673, at the age of 21, and was buried in the Imperial Crypt at the Capuchin Church in Vienna.
Unofficial Royalty: Margarita Teresa of Spain, Holy Roman Empress

March 12, 1723 – Death of Anna Christine of Palatine Sulzbach, Princess of Piedmont, first wife of Carlo Emanuele III, King of Sardinia, due to childbirth complications, at the Royal Palace of Turin in Turin, Kingdom of Sardinia, now in Italy; first buried at Turin Cathedral and was moved to the Basilica of Superga in Turin in 1786
Anna Christine was the first of the three wives of Carlo Emanuele of Savoy, Prince of Piedmont, the heir apparent to the Kingdom of Sardinia, and, after Anna Christine’s death, Carlo Emanuele III, King of Sardinia. They married in 1722 and had one son who died in early childhood. On March 12, 1723, a few days after giving birth to her son, Anna Christine, aged nineteen, died of childbirth complications.
Unofficial Royalty: Anna Christine of Palatine Sulzbach, Princess of Piedmont

March 12, 1781 – Birth of Frederica of Baden, Queen of Sweden, wife of King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden, at Karlsruhe Palace in Karlsruhe, Margraviate of Baden now in the German state of Baden-Württemberg
Full name: Friederike Dorothea Wilhelmina
In 1797, Frederica married King Gustav IV Adolph of Sweden and had five children. After a 17-year reign, Frederica’s husband was deposed in 1809, and the couple and their family went to Frederica’s homeland, the Grand Duchy of Baden. However, the couple became incompatible and divorced in 1812. In the divorce settlement, Gustav Adolf renounced all his assets in favor of his mother and his children. He also renounced the custody and guardianship of his children. Two years later, Frederica placed her children under the guardianship of her brother-in-law, Alexander I, Emperor of Russia. Frederica acquired several residences and spent much time at her brother’s court in Karlsruhe, but she also traveled around Germany, Switzerland, and Italy, using the name Countess Itterburg after a ruin in Hesse she had acquired. During her final years, Frederica was often ill and she died from heart disease at the age of only 45.
Unofficial Royalty: Frederica of Baden, Queen of Sweden

March 12, 1821 – Birth of Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria at the Würzburg Residence in Würzburg, Kingdom of Bavaria now in Bavaria, Germany
Full name: Luitpold Karl Joseph Wilhelm Ludwig
Luitpold was the regent and the real ruler of Bavaria from 1886 to 1912, due to the mental incompetency of his nephews, King Ludwig II and King Otto. He was the third son of King Ludwig I of Bavaria and Princess Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen. In 1844, Luitpold married Archduchess Auguste Ferdinande of Austria and they had four children including Ludwig III, the last King of Bavaria. On June 10, 1886, Luitpold became Prince Regent after his nephew King Ludwig II was declared mentally incompetent. Ludwig II died three days later under mysterious circumstances, and the throne passed to Ludwig’s brother Otto. However, by this time, Otto had also been declared mentally ill, and Luitpold continued as Prince Regent. Luitpold died at the age of 91, after having developed bronchitis. He was succeeded as Regent by his eldest son, who became King Ludwig III the following year, after deposing his cousin King Otto.
Unofficial Royalty: Luitpold, Prince Regent of Bavaria

March 12, 1958 – Death of Ingeborg of Denmark, Princess of Sweden, daughter of King Frederik VIII of Denmark, in Stockholm, Sweden;  buried in the royal cemetery in Haga Park, Solna, Sweden
Ingeborg married Prince Carl of Sweden, son of King Oscar II of Sweden, and they were the parents of Queen Astrid of Belgium and Crown Princess Märtha of Norway. Belgian Kings Baudouin and Albert II, Norwegian King Harald V, and the late Grand Duchess Josephine-Charlotte of Luxembourg, the wife of the late Grand Duke Jean of Luxembourg are all grandchildren of Carl and Ingeborg. The royal families of Belgium, Luxembourg, and Norway descend from Carl and Ingeborg. Both Carl and Ingeborg lived long lives. Carl died in 1951 at the age of 90. Ingeborg survived him by seven years, dying on March 12, 1958, at age 79.
Unofficial Royalty: Ingeborg of Denmark, Princess of Sweden

March 12, 1972 – Death of Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen, Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, second wife of Wilhelm Ernst, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; buried in Bad Krozingen, Germany
Feodora was the great-granddaughter of Princess Feodora of Leiningen, the half-sister of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom. In 1910, she married Grand Duke Wilhelm Ernst of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, and they had four children. Feodora struggled to cope with the strict etiquette and protocol of the Weimar court. She was active in charitable organizations that helped the poor. After World War I, her husband abdicated in November 1918 and the family went into exile in Heinrichau, Silesia (now Henryków, Poland), where her husband died several years later. When the area fell under Soviet occupation in World War II, the family was again forced to flee, losing their estates and many of their assets. As a means of negotiating with the authorities, Feodora agreed to sign over the Goethe and Schiller Archive, on the condition that it would be converted into a private foundation, and the family’s assets would be returned. Despite the written agreement, the government did not return many of the family’s assets, and the dispute continues today. Feodora settled in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany, where she died on March 12, 1972, at the age of 82.
Unofficial Royalty: Feodora of Saxe-Meiningen, Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

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Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily, Queen of Sardinia; Credit – Wikipedia

March 11, 1278 – Birth of Mary of Woodstock, daughter of King Edward I of England at Woodstock Palace in Oxfordshire, England
Mary became a nun. In 1285, she entered Amesbury Priory, a Benedictine monastery in Amesbury, Wiltshire, England. She lived in comfort in private quarters at Amesbury Priory. In the early 1280s, Mary’s grandmother Eleanor of Provence had begun building a suite of rooms at the priory where she would live with her two granddaughters (Mary’s first cousin Eleanor of Brittany was also a nun) in a style befitting royalty. Eleanor of Provence arrived at Amesbury Priory in 1286 and lived there until she died in 1291, when she was buried at the priory. Despite living in a style that befitted a princess, Mary followed the daily routine of a nun, communal prayer throughout the day and night, private religious reflection, and silence during the day. Mary died on May 29, 1332, aged 54, and was buried in Amesbury Priory church near her grandmother Eleanor of Provence, but all the graves and tombs have been lost.
Unofficial Royalty: Mary of Woodstock

March 11, 1849 – Death of Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily, Queen of Sardinia, wife of Carlo Felice, King  of Sardinia, in Savona, Kingdom of Sardinia, now in Italy; buried with her husband at Hautecombe Abbey, now in Saint-Pierre-de-Curtille, France
Maria Cristina was the daughter of Ferdinando IV, King of Naples and Sicily (later Ferdinando I, King of the Two Sicilies) and Maria Carolina of Austria. Her maternal grandmother was Maria Theresa, the sovereign ruler of the Habsburg territories from 1740 until she died in 1780, and was the only female to hold the position. In 1807, Maria Cristina married the future Carlo Felice, King of Sardinia, but their marriage was childless. In 1821, Carlo Felice’s brother Vittorio Emanuele I was not willing to grant a liberal constitution. He abdicated the throne of Sardinia in favor of Carlo Felice who reigned until he died in 1831. Maria Cristina survived her husband by eighteen years, dying on March 11, 1849, aged 70.
Unofficial Royalty: Maria Cristina of Naples and Sicily, Queen of Sardinia

March 11, 1899 – Birth of King Frederik IX of Denmark at Sorgenfri Palace in Lyngby-Taarbæk, Denmark
Full name: Christian Frederik Franz Michael Carl Valdemar Georg
With Frederik’s birth, there were four generations of Danish kings alive: the current monarch and Frederik’s great-grandfather King Christian IX, his grandfather the future King Frederik VIII, his father the future King Christian X, and baby Frederik. In 1935, Frederik married Princess Ingrid of Sweden, daughter of King Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden and his first wife Princess Margaret of Connaught, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. The couple had three daughters including Frederik’s successor, Queen Margrethe II. In 1947, Frederik succeeded to the throne upon the death of his father King Christian X. During Frederik’s reign, the 1953 Danish Act of Succession was adopted allowing for female succession if the monarch had no sons. A 2009 succession law now allows the succession of the firstborn child regardless of gender. Frederik had a great love for music and was a talented pianist and conductor. Several recordings of orchestral music originally heard on Danish radio conducted by King Frederik have been released on CDs. In January 1972, shortly after Frederik had given his New Year speech, he became ill with flu-like symptoms. On January 3, 1972, he had a cardiac arrest and was rushed to Copenhagen Municipal Hospital. The king improved for a time but took a turn for the worse on January 11, and on January 14, 1972, King Frederik IX died at the age of 72
Unofficial Royalty: King Frederik IX of Denmark

March 11, 1922 – Death of Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, wife of Friedrich Franz III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, at Villa Fantasia in Èze, near Cannes, France; buried in the Helena Pavlovna Mausoleum on the grounds of Ludwigslust Palace in Ludwigslust, Germany
Anastasia was the only daughter of Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich of Russia son of Nicholas I, Emperor of All Russia. She had six brothers, and three were murdered by the Bolsheviks. Her brother Sergei was among the five other Romanovs murdered by the Bolsheviks along with Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna on July 18, 1918. Two of her brothers, Nicholas and George, were among the four Grand Dukes murdered by the Bolsheviks on January 28, 1919. In 1879, Anastasia married the future Grand Duke Friedrich Franz III of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. They had three children, including Alexandrine who married King Christian X of Denmark. After her husband died in 1897, Anastasia preferred to stay at the hunting lodge in Gelbensande in Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Cannes, France, and traveled often to St. Petersburg, Paris, and London. In 1902, Anastasia had an illegitimate son with her personal secretary, Vladimir Alexandrovitch Paltov. Anastasia, aged 61, died in Èze, France on March 11, 1922, after suffering a stroke.
Unofficial Royalty: Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

March 11, 1953 – Death of Zizi Lambrino, mistress and morganatic 1st wife of King Carol II of Romania, in Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
Zizi Lambrino was the first wife of the future King Carol II of Romania. The couple married in 1918, but the Romanian government deemed the marriage unconstitutional and it was annulled. On August 8, 1920, in Bucharest, Zizi gave birth to the couple’s only child – a son named Mircea Gregor Carol Lambrino. As Zizi and Carol’s marriage had been legally annulled, the child was considered illegitimate and was given his mother’s surname. Soon after the birth, the future Carol ended his relationship with Zizi, choosing instead to remain in line for the Romanian throne. Zizi and her son were forced to leave the country and were financially supported by the Romanian government. Zizi Lambrino died in near poverty on March 11, 1953, aged 55,  just three weeks before the death of her former husband Carol II.
Unofficial Royalty: Zizi Lambrino, mistress and morganatic 1st wife of King Carol II of Romania

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The future King Edward VII of the United Kingdom and Princess Alexandra of Denmark; Credit – Wikipedia

• March 10 – United Kingdom – Commonwealth Day

March 10, 1452 – Birth of King Ferdinand II of Aragon at Palacio de los Sada in Sos del Rey Católico, Kingdom of Aragon, now in Spain
Ferdinand was the husband of Queen Isabella I of Castile and the father of Catherine of Aragon, the first wife of King Henry VIII of England. He was the king of Aragon from 1479 until he died in 1516. As the husband of Queen Isabella I of Castile, he was also the king of Castile from 1475 to 1504 (as Ferdinand V). He reigned jointly with Isabella over a dynastically unified Spain and together they are known as the Catholic Monarchs.
Unofficial Royalty: King Ferdinand II of Aragon

March 10, 1746 – Death of Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen in Meiningen, Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen, now in Thuringia, Germany; buried in the Castle Church at Elisabethenburg Palace in Meiningen
Never expected to be Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, Friedrich Wilhelm was the fifth of the six sons of Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen. When his father died in 1706, his eldest son Ernst Ludwig I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, succeeded him. Following the death of his brother, Ernst Ludwig I, in 1724, Friedrich Wilhelm served as one of the guardians for his two young nephews – Ernst Ludwig II and Karl Friedrich – during their reigns. Following the death of his nephew Karl Friedrich in 1743, he became the reigning Duke of Saxe-Meiningen as all his elder brothers had died in childhood. After reigning for just three years, Friedrich Wilhelm died in 1746, aged 67. As he was unmarried and had no heirs, the ducal throne passed to his younger half-brother Anton Ulrich.
Unofficial Royalty: Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen

March 10, 1776 – Birth of Luise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, wife of King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia, in Hanover, Electorate of Hanover now in Lower Saxony, Germany
Full name: Luise Auguste Wilhelmine Amalie
Luise married the future King Friedrich Wilhelm III of Prussia. She was wildly popular in Prussia from the start, and descriptions of her from this time speak of her grace, goodness, and beauty. The marriage was happy, and the couple raised their nine children quietly at Paretz Palace west of Berlin. Friedrich Wilhelm became King of Prussia in 1797. As queen, Luise traveled around Prussia with her husband, becoming more well-known and well-liked. On July 19, 1810, while visiting her father, 34-year-old Luise died in her husband’s arms from an unidentified illness. Her grieving husband later instituted the Order of Louise in her name and her family mourned her death each year on July 19.
Unofficial Royalty: Luise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Prussia

March 10, 1804 – Birth of Ida of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym, second wife of the future Grand Duke August I of Oldenburg, at Schaumburg Castle in the Principality of  Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym, now in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
Ida married the then Hereditary Prince August of Oldenburg, the widower of her elder sister Adelheid. The couple had one son Peter, who succeeded his father. Sadly, Ida died just three years after her marriage.
Unofficial Royalty: Ida of Anhalt-Bernburg-Schaumburg-Hoym, Hereditary Princess of Oldenburg

March 10, 1826 – Death of King João VI of Portugal in Lisbon, Portugal; buried at Monastery of São Vicente de Fora in Lisbon, Portugal
João VI was the son of Maria I, Queen of Portugal and her husband and paternal uncle Pedro III, King of Portugal. Because Maria I’s father José I, King of Portugal had no sons, it was inevitable that Maria would become the reigning Queen of Portugal. However, since female succession to the throne of Portugal had never happened before, her father decided that Maria would marry his younger brother Infante Pedro of Portugal, then the first male in the line of succession. In 1792, because of his mother’s mental instability, João took over the government on his mother’s behalf but he did not assume the title of Prince Regent until 1799. In 1816, Maria I, Queen of Portugal died, and her son succeeded her as João VI, King of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves.
Unofficial Royalty: King João VI of Portugal

March 10, 1845 – Birth of Alexander III, Emperor of All Russia at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, Russia
In 1866, Alexander III married Princess Dagmar of Denmark, daughter of King Christian IX of Denmark. They had six children including the ill-fated Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia. Alexander III became Emperor of All Russia in 1881 upon the assassination of his father Alexander II, Emperor of All Russia. Because of his father’s assassination, Alexander III’s reign was reactionary, and this started as soon as he became Emperor. On the day of his assassination, Alexander II signed a proclamation creating a consulting group to advise the Emperor, which some considered a step toward constitutional monarchy. The new emperor, Alexander III, canceled the new policy before it was published. In 1894, Alexander became ill with nephritis, a kidney disorder. His condition rapidly deteriorated and he died on November 1, 1894, at the age of 49.
Unofficial Royalty: Alexander III, Emperor of All Russia

March 10, 1863 – Wedding of the future King Edward VII of the United Kingdom and Princess Alexandra of Denmark at St. George’s Chapel in Windsor, England
By 1860, Queen Victoria and Prince Albert were already searching for an appropriate bride for their eldest son, known in the family as Bertie. With the help of Bertie’s older sister Vicky, by then the Crown Princess of Prussia, Queen Victoria developed a list of prospective brides. Princess Alexandra of Denmark was fifth on the list, but Vicky found her to be the perfect match for Bertie. Prince Albert agreed that Alexandra was “the only one to be chosen.” The couple first met at Speyer Cathedral in Prussia, on September 24, 1861, in a meeting arranged by Vicky. The following year, on September 9, 1862, Bertie and Alexandra became engaged at the Royal Palace of Laeken in Belgium, the home of Bertie’s great-uncle, King Leopold I of the Belgians. Bertie presented Alexandra with a ring featuring six precious stones – purposely selected so that their names would spell out ‘Bertie’ — Beryl, Emerald, Ruby, Turquoise, Jacynth, and Emerald.
Unofficial Royalty: Wedding of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom and Princess Alexandra of Denmark

March 10, 1864 – Death of King Maximilian II of Bavaria in Munich, Kingdom of Bavaria, now in Bavaria, Germany; buried at the Theatinerkirche in Munich
Maximilian studied history and constitutional law at the University of Göttingen and the Friedrich Wilhelm University of Berlin (now Humboldt University) and reportedly said that had he not been born into his position, he would have liked to be a professor. In 1842, Maximilian married Marie Friederike of Prussia. The couple had two sons, King Ludwig II of Bavaria and,
King Otto of Bavaria. Both sons suffered from mental illness that severely hampered their abilities to rule Bavaria. Maximilian came to the throne suddenly in 1848, when his father abdicated, and quickly introduced reforms to the constitution to establish a more constitutional monarchy. King Maximilian II died suddenly on March 10, 1864, after a very brief illness, aged 54.
Unofficial Royalty: King Maximilian II of Bavaria

March 10, 1873 – Death of Pauline of Württemberg, Queen of Württemberg, third wife of King Wilhelm I Württemberg, in Stuttgart, Kingdom of Württemberg, now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany; buried at the Royal Crypt in the Schlosskirche at Ludwigsburg Palace in Ludwigsburg, Kingdom of Württemberg now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
In 1820, Pauline became the third wife of her first cousin King Wilhelm I of Württemberg. The couple had three children, including Wilhelm I’s successor. The couple seemed happy at first, but within a few years, Wilhelm returned to his mistresses and the marriage became very strained. While not getting the respect she deserved from her husband, Pauline did receive much respect from the people of Württemberg, both for her devotion to helping the poor and because she provided an heir to the throne. After King Wilhelm died in 1864, Pauline lived much of her remaining years in Switzerland.
Unofficial Royalty: Pauline of Württemberg, Queen of Württemberg

March 10, 1964 – Birth of Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh, son of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom, at Buckingham Palace in London, England
Full name: Edward Antony Richard Louis
Edward is the youngest of the four children of Queen Elizabeth II and the youngest brother of King Charles III. He studied history at Jesus College, University of Cambridge, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1986. In 1999, Edward married Sophie Rhys-Jones and the couple had a daughter and a son. On his wedding day, Edward was created Earl of Wessex and Viscount Severn, breaking with the tradition of a dukedom granted to the son of the Sovereign upon marriage. Edward has a busy schedule of engagements in the United Kingdom and overseas in support of his brother King Charles III and for the charities and organizations with which he is involved. King Charles III granted his younger brother Prince Edward the title Duke of Edinburgh on his 59th birthday, March 10, 2023. His ducal title is not hereditary, so it will become extinct on his death.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Edward, Duke of Edinburgh

March 10, 1966 – Wedding of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and Claus von Amsberg, civilly at the City Hall, religiously at the Westerkerk both in Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Beatrix and Claus initially met at the wedding of Tatiana of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg and Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse in the summer of 1964. They met again in January 1965 at a ski resort in Gstaad, Switzerland, as guests of Prince Moritz of Hesse. The release of a photograph of Claus and Beatrix together on Juliana’s birthday in April 1965 piqued public interest in the couple. A second photo of the couple walking hand in hand was released in May, appearing in British, then Dutch newspapers. Beatrix and Claus hoped to keep their romance a secret for a bit longer but speculation about their relationship increased after the release of the photos. Beatrix’s mother Queen Juliana announced the engagement to the Dutch public via television on June 28, 1965.
Unofficial Royalty: Wedding of Beatrix of the Netherlands and Claus von Amsberg

March 10, 2013 – Death of Princess Lilian of Sweden, wife of Prince Bertil of Sweden, at Villa Solbacken in Stockholm, Sweden; buried at the Royal Cemetery at Haga Park in Solna, Sweden
Born Lilian May Davies, in Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom, she met Prince Bertil, son of the future King Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden and Princess Margaret of Connaught, who was serving as a naval attaché at the Swedish Embassy in London, at a cocktail party in 1943. At that time Bertil was third in the line of succession to the Swedish throne. By the time his father came to the throne in 1950, Bertil was now second in the line of succession. His elder brother Gustaf Adolf had been killed in a plane crash in 1947, leaving an infant son, Carl Gustaf, the future King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, the heir to the throne. With the likelihood of Bertil being called to serve as Regent for his young nephew, he and Lilian chose not to marry so that he could retain his position in the Royal Family. Bertil’s father died in 1973, and Bertil’s nephew became King Carl XVI Gustaf. The rules, as well as the times, were beginning to change. In June 1976, King Carl Gustaf XVI married a commoner, Sylvia Sommerlath, and soon after, he granted his formal permission for Bertil and Lilian to marry. Prince Bertil died in 1997. Lilian survived him by sixteen years, dying at the age of 97, on March 10, 2013.
Unofficial Royalty: Princess Lilian of Sweden

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Wilhelm I, King of Prussia, German Emperor; Credit – Wikipedia

March 9, 1566 – Murder of David Riccio, secretary, musician, and favorite of Mary, Queen of Scots, in her presence, at the Palace of Holyrood in Edinburgh, Scotland; buried in the cemetery at Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh, Scotland
David Riccio was an Italian musician and private secretary of Mary, Queen of Scots, and was brutally murdered in the presence of the queen by a conspiracy of Protestant nobles, in part due to the jealousy of Mary’s husband Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley. Read more about Riccio and his murder at the following link.
Unofficial Royalty: David Riccio, secretary, musician, and favorite of Mary, Queen of Scots

March 9, 1661 – Death of Cardinal Jules Mazarin, favorite of King Louis XIV of France, at the Château de Vincennes in Vincennes, France; buried at the Collège des Quatre-Nations, now Institut de France, in Paris, France
Cardinal Mazarin was a favorite of King Louis XIV of France, and perhaps the most influential person in the French court at the time. Having served prominently in the court for several years during the reign of King Louis XIII, he was formally appointed Chief Minister by Queen Anne when she assumed the regency for her young son King Louis XIV, and Mazarin remained in that position until he died in 1661. His tomb was destroyed during the French Revolution and his remains were thrown into the street.
Unofficial Royalty: Cardinal Jules Mazarin, Favorite of King Louis XIV of France

March 9, 1756 – Birth of Luise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, wife of the future Friedrich Franz I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, in Roda, Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg now in Thuringia, Germany
In 1775, Luise married Friedrich Franz, then the Hereditary Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. The couple had six children including Luise Charlotte who married Emil Leopold, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and had one daughter Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, mother of Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Queen Victoria’s husband. Luise became the Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin upon her husband’s accession in 1785. She died at the age of 52.
Unofficial Royalty: Luise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

March 9, 1881 – Death of Caroline Amalie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, Queen of Denmark, second wife of King Christian VIII of Denmark, at Sorgenfri Castle north of Copenhagen, Denmark; buried at Roskilde Cathedral in Roskilde, Denmark
Caroline Amalie was the only daughter of Friedrich Christian II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, and Princess Louise Auguste of Denmark. Caroline Amalie’s mother was the only daughter of King Christian VII of Denmark and Caroline Matilda of Wales, the sister of King George III of the United Kingdom. There is strong evidence that Louise Auguste’s father was her mother’s lover, Johann Friedrich Struensee. In December 1814, Caroline Amalie married the future King Christian VIII of Denmark as his second wife but their marriage remained childless. In 1839, Caroline’s husband inherited the Danish throne but died after a nine-year reign and was succeeded by King Frederik VII, his son from his first marriage. Caroline Amalie outlived her stepson King Frederik VII and in 1863, saw the resolution of the Danish succession crisis with the establishment of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg when King Christian IX, born Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, became the King of Denmark. Queen Caroline Amalie survived her husband by 33 years, dying on March 9, 1881, surrounded by the Danish royal family, at the age of 84.
Unofficial Royalty: Caroline Amalie of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg, Queen of Denmark

March 9, 1888 – Death of Wilhelm I, King of Prussia, German Emperor at the Berlin Palace in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia, now in Brandenburg, Germany; buried at Charlottenburg Palace Mausoleum in Berlin
In 1829, Wilhelm married Augusta of Saxe-Weimar and the couple had two children. Wilhelm became King of Prussia in 1861 upon the death of his childless brother King Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia. During Wilhelm I’s reign as King of Prussia, the work of Prussian Prime Minister Otto von Bismarck resulted in the unification of Germany and Bismarck then served as Chancellor of the German Empire.  In 1867, the North German Confederation was created.  It was a constitutional monarchy with the Prussian king as the head of state. After the Franco-Prussian War, on  January 18, 1871, in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles in France, Wilhelm was proclaimed German Emperor (Kaiser). Wilhelm I was succeeded by his son Friedrich III, husband of Victoria, Princess Royal.  Already ill with throat cancer, Friedrich reigned only three months and was succeeded by his son Wilhelm II. 1888 is known as the “year of the three emperors.”
Unofficial Royalty: Wilhelm I, King of Prussia, German Emperor

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King William III of England; Credit – Wikipedia

March 8, 1137 – Death of Adela of Normandy, Countess of Blois, daughter of King William I of England (the Conqueror), at the Cluniac Priory of Marcigny-sur-Loire, now in the Burgundy region of France; buried at the Church of the Holy Trinity in Caen, Duchy of Normandy, now in France
Adela was one of the six daughters of King William I of England and Matilda of Flanders.  She married Stephen, Count of Blois, their son Stephen took the throne of his uncle King Henry I from Henry’s only surviving child Empress Matilda, causing a long civil war known as The Anarchy. England did not see peace for 18 years until Matilda’s son acceded to the throne as King Henry II of England in 1153. Adela became a nun in the Cluniac Priory of Marcigny-sur-Loire and died there on March 8, 1137, aged 69–70.
Unofficial Royalty: Adela of Normandy, Countess of Blois

March 8, 1616 – Death of Maria Anna of Bavaria, Archduchess of Inner Austria, 1st wife of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, in Graz, Inner Austria, now in Austria; buried in the Mausoleum of Emperor Ferdinand II in Graz Cathedral
Maria Anna of Bavaria was the first wife of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor. She died before her husband became King of Bohemia, King of Hungary and Croatia, and Holy Roman Emperor, so she held only the title Archduchess of Inner Austria. Maria Anna and Ferdinand had seven children but only four survived childhood. Maria Anna was ill for a long time before she died on March 8, 1616, at the age of forty-one, in Graz, Inner Austria, now in Austria.
Unofficial Royalty: Maria Anna of Bavaria, Archduchess of Inner Austria

March 8, 1702 – Death of King William III of England at Kensington Palace in London, England; buried at Westminster Abbey in London, England
William was the only child of Willem II, Prince of Orange and Stadtholder of the United Provinces of the Netherlands, and Mary, Princess Royal, the eldest daughter of King Charles I of England. William’s father died of smallpox at age 24, eight days before William’s birth, so from birth, William was the sovereign Prince of Orange. In 1677, William married his first cousin Mary, the elder surviving daughter of James, Duke of York, later King James II of England/James VII of Scotland. William followed Mary and her sister Anne in the line of succession to the English throne. In 1688, Mary’s father King James II was deposed in the Glorious Revolution and Mary and her husband William became the joint sovereigns as King William III and Queen Mary II. The couple had no children. On February 20, 1702, William went riding on his horse Sorrel at Hampton Court Palace. The horse stumbled on a molehill and fell. William tried to pull the horse up by the reins, but the horse’s movements caused William to fall on his right shoulder. His collarbone was broken and was set by a surgeon, but instead of resting, William insisted on returning to Kensington Palace that evening by coach. A week later, it was discovered that the fracture was not mending well and William’s right hand and arm were puffy and did not look right. His condition continued to worsen and by March 3, William had a fever and had difficulty breathing. King William III died on March 8, 1702.
Unofficial Royalty: King William III of England

March 8, 1724 – Birth of Ernst Friedrich, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld in Saalfeld, Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, now in Thuringia, Germany
Ernst Friedrich was the great-grandfather of Queen Victoria and her husband Prince Albert. In 1764, Ernst Friedrich succeeded his father as Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld and transferred the official residence of the duchy from Saalfeld to Coburg. Because the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld was heavily in debt, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II appointed a debit commission headed by Prince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen and then Ernst II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, to prevent the bankruptcy of the duchy. The work of the debit commission lasted over thirty years and during that time, Ernst Friedrich was given a strict annual allowance.
Unofficial Royalty: Ernst Friedrich, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

March 8, 1748 – Birth of Willem V, Prince of Orange in The Hague, Dutch Republic, now in the Netherlands
Willem V was the son of Willem IV, Prince of Orange and Anne, Princess Royal, the eldest daughter of King George II of Great Britain. In 1767, Willem married Princess Wilhelmina of Prussia. They had five children, but only three survived infancy, including Willem I, the first King of the Netherlands. In 1795, the revolutionary Patriots in the Dutch Republic, supported by the French Army, replaced the Dutch Republic with the Batavian Republic which remained in power until 1806. Willem V and his family fled to England where they lived in exile until 1802 in the part of Kew Palace known as the Dutch House with the permission of Willem’s first cousin King George III. In 1802, the family went to the European mainland where they lived in the Principality of Orange-Nassau and the Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. Willem spent the rest of his life in exile. Willem was vilified during his lifetime and is still considered a failure as a ruler. Queen Wilhelmina refused to attend the reburial of Willem V at the Nieuwe Kerk. When asked why, she said she did not want to walk behind the coffin of a fool.
Unofficial Royalty: Willem V, Prince of Orange

March 8, 1844 – Death of King Carl XIV Johan of Sweden and Norway at the Royal Palace in Stockholm, Sweden; buried at Riddarholmen Church in Stockholm, Sweden
King Carl XIV Johan of Sweden was born Jean Baptiste Bernadotte in Pau, France. He joined the military, and quickly stood out for his courage and leadership. During the French Revolution, he rose quickly through the ranks, attaining the rank of Brigadier General in 1794. In 1798, he married Bernardine Eugénie Désirée Clary, whose sister Julie Clary was married to Napoleon’s brother, Joseph Bonaparte. Désirée had previously been engaged to Napoleon. Jean and Désirée had one son, the future King Oscar I of Sweden, born Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte. In 1804, Napoleon was proclaimed Emperor of France and appointed Bernadotte as a Marshal of France. In 1810, just as Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte was about to start a new position as governor of Rome, the Swedish Riksdag elected him heir to the childless King Carl XIII of Sweden. The Riksdag wanted a soldier as the king because of their worries over Russia. In addition, Bernadotte was popular in Sweden because of his considerate treatment of Swedish prisoners during the recent war with Denmark. Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte became king in 1818 upon the death of King Carl XIII. He reigned as King Carl XIV Johan and started the House of Bernadotte which still reigns in Sweden. On his 81st birthday in January 1844, King Carl XIV Johan suffered a stroke, from which he never recovered, and he died on March 8, 1844.
Unofficial Royalty: King Carl XIV Johan of Sweden

March 8, 1878 – Death of Archduke Franz Karl of Austria in Vienna, Austria; buried at the Imperial Crypt at the Capuchin Church in Vienna, Austria
Archduke Franz Karl was the son of Emperor Franz I of Austria, the father of Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria and Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico, the grandfather of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria whose assassination led to World War I, and the great-grandfather of Karl I, the last Emperor of Austria. In 1824, Franz Karl married Princess Sophie of Bavaria, daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria.
Unofficial Royalty: Archduke Franz Karl of Austria

March 8, 1955 – Death of Princess Clémentine of Belgium, Princess Napoléon at her home in Nice, France, the Villa Clairvallou; buried at the Imperial Chapel of Ajaccio in Ajaccio, Corsica, France
Clémentine was the third of the three daughters and the youngest of the four children of Leopold II, King of the Belgians and Archduchess Marie-Henriette of Austria. In 1869, when Leopold and Marie-Henriette’s only son Leopold died, King Leopold II blamed Queen Marie-Henriette for their son’s death. Little Leopold had fallen into a pond, caught pneumonia, and died. Hoping for a crown prince because only males could inherit the throne, Queen Marie-Henriette became pregnant again, but the long-awaited crown prince did not materialize as the child was a girl, Clémentine. Clémentine’s parents completely separated after her birth. In 1910, she married Prince Victor Bonaparte, the Bonapartist pretender to the French throne, and the couple had two children. On March 8, 1955, Clémentine died at the age of 82, at her home in Nice, France, the Villa Clairvallou.
Unofficial Royalty: Princess Clémentine of Belgium, Princess Napoléon

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