Queen Anne, the last of the Stuarts, had seventeen pregnancies which resulted in only three live births. In 1700, the last of those three children, Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, died six days after his eleventh birthday. Parliament was faced with a succession crisis as it did not want the throne to go to a Roman Catholic. The 1701 Act of Settlement was passed giving the throne to Sophia of the Palatinate, Electress of Hanover and her Protestant descendants.
Who was Sophia of Hanover? Sophia was a granddaughter of King James I of England and first cousin of King Charles II and King James II. Born Sophia of the Palatinate, her parents were Elizabeth Stuart, eldest daughter of King James I, and Frederick V, Elector Palatine.
King James I (also James VI, King of Scots) → Elizabeth Stuart → Sophia of the Palatinate (also known as Sophia of Hanover married Ernst August, Elector of Hanover → George Ludwig, Elector of Hanover, later King George I of Great Britain, founder of the House of Hanover
In 1658, Sophia married Ernst August, Elector of Hanover. In 1692, Ernst August was appointed Prince-Elector by the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I. When he died in 1698, He was succeeded by his son George Ludwig.
Sophia died on June 8, 1714, at the age of 83. Her son George Ludwig was now the heir to the British throne. Queen Anne died on August 1, 1714, which was only 54 days after Sophia died. The first Hanoverian, King George I, was only 56th in line to the throne according to primogeniture, but the nearest Protestant according to the 1701 Act of Settlement.
- Wikipedia: Jacobite line of succession to the English and Scottish thrones in 1714 (reflects the laws before the 1701 Act of Settlement)
- Wikipedia: Line of Succession at the Death of Queen Anne in 1714 (reflects the 1701 Act of Settlement)
Below is an indexed listing with links to biographical articles about the House of Hanover at Unofficial Royalty. If it says “Notable Issue” before a name, that means not all of the children for the parent of that person are listed. Also listed below are links to House of Hanover Miscellaneous Articles, and links to the various British Content Areas.
House of Hanover (1714 – 1901)
Family of King George I of Great Britain
- Sophia of the Palatinate, Electress of Hanover (mother of George I)
- King George I of Great Britain (reigned 1714 – 1727)
- Sophia Dorothea of Celle, Electoral Princess of Hanover (wife of George I, marriage annulled before George I became king)
- King George II of Great Britain (see below)
- Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, Queen of Prussia
- Friedrich Wilhelm I, King in Prussia (husband of Sophia Dorothea)
- Notable Issue: Friedrich II, King of Prussia (the Great)
- Notable Issue: Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, Queen of Sweden
- Sophie Charlotte of Hanover, Queen in Prussia (wife of King Friedrich I in Prussia)
- Notable Issue: Friedrich Wilhelm I, King in Prussia
Family of King George II of Great Britain
- King George II of Great Britain (reigned 1727 – 1760)
- Caroline of Ansbach, Queen of Great Britain (wife of George II)
- Frederick, Prince of Wales (predeceased his father)
- Augusta of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, Princess of Wales (wife of Frederick)
- Notable Issue: Princess Augusta of Wales, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
- Notable Issue: King George III of the United Kingdom (see below)
- Notable Issue: Prince Edward of Wales, Duke of York
- Notable Issue: Princess Elizabeth Caroline of Wales
- Notable Issue: Prince William Henry of Wales, Duke of Gloucester
- Notable Issue: Prince Henry of Wales, Duke of Cumberland
- Notable Issue: Princess Louisa Anne of Wales
- Notable Issue: Princess Caroline Matilda of Wales, Queen of Denmark and Norway
- King Christian VII of Denmark and Norway (first cousin and husband of Caroline Matilda)
- Notable Issue: King Frederik VI of Denmark and Norway
- Anne, Princess Royal, Princess of Orange
- Willem IV, Prince of Orange (husband of Anne)
- Notable Issue: Willem V, Prince of Orange
- Princess Amelia of Great Britain
- Princess Caroline of Great Britain
- Prince George William of Great Britain
- Prince William, Duke of Cumberland
- Princess Mary of Great Britain, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel
- Friedrich II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (husband of Mary)
- Princess Louisa, Queen of Denmark and Norway
- King Frederik V of Denmark and Norway (husband of Louisa)
- Notable Issue: King Christian VII of Denmark and Norway
- Notable Issue: Sophia Magdalena of Denmark, Queen of Sweden
Family of King George III of the United Kingdom
- King George III of the United Kingdom (reigned 1760 – 1820)
- Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of the United Kingdom (wife of George III)
- King George IV of the United Kingdom (see below)
- Prince Frederick, Duke of York
- Frederica Charlotte of Prussia, Duchess of York (wife of Frederick)
- King William IV of the United Kingdom (see below)
- Charlotte, Princess Royal, Queen of Württemberg
- Friedrich I, King of Württemberg (husband of Charlotte)
- Prince Edward, Duke of Kent
- Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, Duchess of Kent (wife of Edward, 2nd marriage)
- Karl, 3rd Prince of Leiningen (half-brother of Queen Victoria from 1st marriage)
- Feodora of Leiningen, Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (half-sister of Queen Victoria from 1st marriage)
- Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom
- Princess Augusta Sophia of the United Kingdom
- Princess Elizabeth of the United Kingdom, Landgravine of Hesse-Homburg
- Friedrich VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (husband of Elizabeth)
- King Ernest Augustus I of Hanover, Duke of Cumberland
- Friederike of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Queen of Hanover, Duchess of Cumberland (wife of Ernest Augustus)
- Prince Augustus, Duke of Sussex
- Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge
- Augusta of Hesse-Kassel, Duchess of Cambridge (wife of Adolphus)
- Prince George, Duke of Cambridge
- Princess Augusta of Cambridge, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
- Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge, Duchess of Teck
- Notable Issue: Princess Victoria Mary of Teck, Queen Mary of the United Kingdom, wife of George V
- Notable Issue: Prince Alexander of Teck, later 1st Earl of Athlone, married Princess Alice of Albany, granddaughter of Queen Victoria
- Princess Mary of the United Kingdom, Duchess of Gloucester
- Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester (husband of Mary)
- Princess Sophia of the United Kingdom
- Prince Octavius of Great Britain
- Prince Alfred of Great Britain
- Princess Amelia of the United Kingdom
Family of King George IV of the United Kingdom
- King George IV of the United Kingdom (reigned 1820 – 1830)
- Caroline of Brunswick, Queen of the United Kingdom (wife of George IV)
- Princess Charlotte of Wales
- Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (husband of Charlotte, later Leopold I, King of the Belgians)
- Death of Princess Charlotte of Wales in childbirth and its impact on the British succession
King William IV of the United Kingdom
- King William IV of the United Kingdom (reigned 1830 – 1837)
- Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, Queen of the United Kingdom (wife of William IV)
- Two daughters who died in infancy
Family of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom
- Please see House of Hanover: Queen Victoria Index (1837 – 1901)
House of Hanover Royal Relationships
- First Cousins of King George I
- First Cousins of King George II
- First Cousins of King George III
- First Cousins of King George IV and King William IV
- First Cousins of Queen Victoria
House of Hanover Notable Royal Lovers and Mistresses
- Philip Christoph von Königsmarck, lover of Sophia Dorothea of Celle, Electoral Princess of Hanover, wife of the future King George I of Great Britain
- Melusine von der Schulenburg, Duchess of Kendal, mistress of King George I
- Henrietta Howard, Countess of Suffolk, mistress of King George II
- Amalie von Wallmoden, Countess of Yarmouth, mistress of King George II
- Maria Fitzherbert, mistress of King George IV
- Frances Villiers, Countess of Jersey, mistress of King George IV
- Mary Robinson, mistress of King George IV
- Isabella Ingram-Seymour-Conway, Marchioness of Hertford, mistress of King George IV
- Elizabeth Conyngham, Marchioness Conyngham, mistress of King George IV
- Dorothea Jordan, mistress of King William IV
House of Hanover Notable Illegitimate Children
King George I
- Anna Luise Sophie von der Schulenburg
- Petronilla Melusina von der Schulenburg
- Margarete Gertrud von der Schulenburg
King George II
King William IV
- George FitzClarence, 1st Earl of Munster
- Sophia FitzClarence
- Mary FitzClarence
- Frederick FitzClarence
- Elizabeth FitzClarence
- Adolphus FitzClarence
- Augusta FitzClarence
- Augustus FitzClarence
- Amelia FitzClarence
House of Hanover Miscellaneous Articles
- Coronations after the Norman Conquest (1066 – present)
- Death of Princess Charlotte of Wales in childbirth and its impact on the British succession
- History and Traditions: Hanover Weddings
- House of Hanover Burial Sites
- House of Hanover Christenings
British Content Areas
- British In Memoriam
- British Orders and Honours
- British Royal Births, Marriages, Deaths, and Other Important Events
- British Royal Burial Sites
- British Royal Christenings
- British Royal Links
- British Royal Residences
- British Royal Titles and Styles
- British Royal Weddings
- Line of Succession to the British Throne
- Profiles of the British Royal Family
- Royal Churches: United Kingdom
- When The British Monarch Dies