The Grand Duchy of Tuscany in 1815 to 1847; Credit – By Bukkia – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=51889515
The Grand Duchy of Tuscany was located in present-day northwest Italy. It existed, with a few interruptions, from 1569 – 1859. Tuscany was ruled by the de Medici family from 1434–1494 and from 1512 until the extinction of its senior branch in 1737. In 1569, Pope Pius V elevated Tuscany to a Grand Duchy and Cosimo I de’ Medici became its first Grand Duke.
In 1737, the House of Habsburg-Lorraine obtained control of the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. François Étienne, Duke of Lorraine exchanged the Duchy of Lorraine for the Grand Duchy of Tuscany. Stanisław I, the father-in-law of King Louis XV of France, had abdicated the throne of Poland in 1736 and now became the Duke of Lorraine.
Except for a period of thirteen years from 1801 – 1814 during the French Revolutionary Wars and Napoleonic Wars, the House of Habsburg-Lorraine retained the Grand Duchy of Tuscany until Tuscany was annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia in 1860, as a part of the unification of Italy. In 1861, Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Sardinia was proclaimed the first King of the new, united Kingdom of Italy.
Two Grand Dukes of Tuscany were also Holy Roman Emperors: Francesco II Stefano, Grand Duke of Tuscany (reigned 1737 – 1765) also Franz I, Holy Roman Emperor (reigned 1745 – 1765) and Pietro Leopoldo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany (reigned 1765 – 1790) also Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (reigned 1790 – 1792).
Below is an indexed listing with links to biographical articles about the Tuscany royal family at Unofficial Royalty. If it says “Notable Issue” before a name, that means not all of the children for the parent of that person are listed. Also listed below are links to Grand Duchy of Tuscany Miscellaneous Articles and Content Areas.
Under construction. Articles coming soon.
House of Habsburg-Lorraine (1737–1801 and 1814 – 1860)
Family of Francesco II Stefano, Grand Duke of Tuscany
- Francesco II Stefano, Grand Duke of Tuscany (reigned 1737 – 1765) – also Franz I, Holy Roman Emperor (reigned 1745 – 1765) and François Étienne, Duke of Lorraine (reigned 1729 – 1737)
- Maria Theresa, Archduchess of Austria, Queen of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia (Sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Transylvania, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands, and Parma. By marriage, Duchess of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany, and Holy Roman Empress.)
- Notable Issue: Pietro Leopoldo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany – also Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (see below)
- Notable Issue: Maria Carolina of Austria, Queen of Naples and Sicily
- Notable Issue: Maria Antonia of Austria, Queen of France (Marie Antoinette)
Family of Pietro Leopoldo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany
- Pietro Leopoldo I, Grand Duke of Tuscany (reigned 1765 – 1790, abdicated in favor of his son Ferdinando when he was elected Holy Roman Emperor) – also Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (reigned 1790 – 1792)
- Maria Luisa of Spain, Grand Duchess of Tuscany
- Notable Issue: Maria Theresa of Austria, Queen of Saxony
- Notable Issue: Franz I (reigned 1792 – 1804 as Franz II, the last Holy Roman Emperor, reigned 1804 – 1835 as Emperor of Austria)
- Notable Issue: Ferdinando III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (see below)
- Notable Issue: Maria Clementina of Austria, Duchess of Calabria
Family of Ferdinando III, Grand Duke of Tuscany
- Ferdinando III, Grand Duke of Tuscany (reigned 1790 – 1801, 1814 – 1824)
- Luisa of Naples and Sicily, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (1st wife of Ferdinando III)
- Notable Issue: Leopoldo II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (see below)
- Notable Issue: Maria Theresa of Austria, Queen of Sardinia
- Maria Ferdinanda of Saxony, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (2nd wife of Ferdinando III, no children)
Family of Leopoldo II, Grand Duke of Tuscany
- Leopoldo II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (reigned 1824 – 1859)
- Maria Anna of Saxony, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (1st wife of Leopoldo II)
- Notable Issue: Auguste of Austria, Princess of Bavaria
- Maria Antonia of the Two Sicilies, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (2nd wife of Leopoldo II)
- Notable Issue: Ferdinando IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany (see below)
Family of Ferdinando IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany
- Ferdinando IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany (reigned 1859 – 1860, monarchy abolished)
- Anna of Saxony, Hereditary Grand Duchess of Tuscany (1st wife of Ferdinando IV, had one daughter)
- Alicia of Parma, Grand Duchess of Tuscany (2nd wife of Ferdinando IV)
- Notable Issue: Luise of Austria, Crown Princess of Saxony
- Notable Issue: Archduke Giuseppe Ferdinando of Austria
- Notable Issue: Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria
Pretenders to the Throne
- LAST REIGNING: Ferdinando IV, Grand Duke of Tuscany
- Former: Archduke Giuseppe Ferdinando of Austria
- Former: Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria
- Former: Archduke Gottfried of Austria
- Former: Archduke Leopold Franz of Austria
- Current: Sigismund von Habsburg-Lorraine, Archduke of Austria