by Susan Flantzer © Unofficial Royalty 2013
Henry William Frederick Albert was the third son and fourth child of King George V of the United Kingdom and Princess Victoria Mary of Teck (Queen Mary). He was born on March 31, 1900, at York Cottage on the Sandringham estate. His great-grandmother Queen Victoria had created Letters Patent giving the style of Royal Highness to the children of the Duke and Duchess of York, so Henry was HRH Prince Henry of York from birth. He had five siblings:
- King Edward VIII (Duke of Windsor after his abdication) (1894-1972), married Wallis Simpson, no children
- King George VI (1895-1952), married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, had two daughters
- Mary, Princess Royal (1897-1965), married Henry Lascelles, 6th Earl of Harewood, had two sons
- Prince George, Duke of Kent, (1902-1942), married Princess Marina of Greece, had two sons and one daughter
- Prince John (1905-1919)
Prince Henry (known as Harry) was christened on May 17, 1900, in the Private Chapel at Windsor Castle, by the Bishop of Winchester. His godparents were:
- Queen Victoria, his great-grandmother
- Wilhelm II, German Emperor, his father’s first cousin
- Princess Henry of Battenberg (Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom), his great-aunt
- The Duchess of Cumberland (Princess Thyra of Denmark), his great-aunt
- Prince George of Greece, his father’s first cousin
- Princess Carl of Denmark (Princess Maud of Wales, future Queen of Norway), his paternal aunt
- Prince Alexander of Teck (later Earl of Athlone), his great-uncle
- Field Marshal The Earl Roberts
Henry attended St. Peter’s Court School in Kent and then Eton College near Windsor which was unusual for a royal child at that time. He also attended the Royal Military College at Sandhurst and Trinity College, Cambridge. On his 28th birthday, his father King George V created him Duke of Gloucester.
Henry had a military career in the British Army and served with The King’s Royal Rifle Corps and the 10th Royal Hussars. He retired from active duty in 1937 but served with the British Expeditionary Force during World War II. In 1940, he was wounded when the car he was in was attacked from the air. The highest ranks Henry attained were Field Marshal (1955) and Marshal of the Royal Air Force (1958).
On November 6, 1935, Henry married Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott, a daughter of John Montagu Douglas Scott, 7th Duke of Buccleuch. The wedding was originally set to be held at Westminster Abbey, but when Lady Alice’s father died on October 19, 1935, the wedding venue was changed. It was deemed more appropriate to have the wedding at the Private Chapel at Buckingham Palace. Among the bridesmaids were the groom’s nieces Princess Elizabeth and Princess Margaret Rose.
- Unofficial Royalty: Wedding of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Lady Alice Montagu Douglas Scott
The couple had two sons and the family lived at the 16th-century Barnwell Manor in Northamptonshire and York House, St. James’s Palace in London.
- Prince William of Gloucester (1941 – 1972), died in a plane crash at an air show
- Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester (born August 26, 1944), married Birgitte Henriksen, had two daughters and one son
The Duke of Gloucester served as Governor-General of Australia from 1945 – 1947. During the early reign of the Duke’s niece Queen Elizabeth II, the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester carried out royal engagements including some overseas tours.
In 1965, while driving back to Barnwell Manor after attending the funeral of Winston Churchill, the Duke suffered a stroke causing a car accident. The Duchess suffered injuries to the face which required 57 stitches. Three years later, the Duke suffered another stroke which left him incapacitated. The Duchess continued to talk and read to her husband hoping he could hear and understand. She never did tell him about the death of their son in a plane crash, but she thought he understood from watching television.
On June 10, 1974, Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester died at Barnwell Manor, his country home at the age of 73. He was buried at the Royal Burial Ground, Frogmore near Windsor Castle. After the Duke’s death, his widow received permission from Queen Elizabeth II to style herself Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester to distinguish herself from her son’s wife. Princess Alice died in 2004 at the age of 102, the longest-living member of the British Royal Family ever.
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