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Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt, Grand Duchess Natalia Alexeievna of Russia; Credit – Wikipedia

January 25, 1477 – Birth of Anne, Duchess of Brittany, Queen of France, wife of King Charles VIII of France and second wife of King Louis XII of France, at the Château des ducs de Bretagne in Nantes, Duchy of Brittany, now in France
Anne, Duchess of Brittany in her own right, is the only woman to have been Queen Consort of France twice. She was the wife of King Charles VIII and the second of the three wives of King Louis XII. Anne was the daughter of François II, Duke of Brittany. When her father died in 1488, Anne became the Duchess of Brittany in her own right. In 1491, Anne married King Charles VIII of France. Anne and Charles had seven children but none survived. King Charles VIII died unexpectedly from a head injury in 1498. Because he had no surviving children, Louis, Duke of Orléans succeeded him as King Louis XII of France. Anne returned to Brittany and began taking steps to ensure the independence of her duchy. Louis XII did not want this to happen and so he had his 24-year childless marriage to Charles VIII’s sister Jeanne of France annulled and married Anne of Brittany in 1499. They had four stillborn sons and three miscarriages but they did have two daughters who survived to adulthood. After Anne’s death, the 52-year-old King Louis XII, still seeking a son to succeed him, married 18-year-old Mary Tudor, the younger sister of King Henry VIII of England, but Louis XII died three months after the marriage.
Unofficial Royalty: Anne, Duchess of Brittany, Queen of France

January 25, 1559 – Death of King Christian II of Denmark, Norway and Sweden in captivity at Kalundborg Castle in Denmark; buried at Saint Canute’s Cathedral in Odense, Denmark
Nicknamed Christian the Tyrant, Christian II was King of Denmark and Norway from 1513 until 1523 and also King of Sweden from 1520 until 1521. From 1513 to 1523, he was the joint ruler of the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein with his paternal uncle Frederik, the future King Frederik I of Denmark and Norway. In 1523, Christian II was forced to abdicate and was exiled. After trying to reclaim the throne in 1531, Christian was imprisoned, first in Sønderborg Castle and then at Kalundborg Castle, for the last twenty-seven years of his life. He died at Kalundborg Castle at the age of 77.
Unofficial Royalty: King Christian II of Denmark

January 25, 1661 – Birth of Prince Antonio I of Monaco in Paris, France
Antonio I, Prince of Monaco was the elder of the two sons and the eldest of the six children of Louis I, Prince of Monaco. In 1688, Antonio married Marie of Lorraine, the daughter of Louis of Lorraine, Count of Armagnac. Antonio and Marie had six daughters but only two survived to adulthood.  In 1701, when his father died, Antonio became the Sovereign Prince of Monaco. He reigned for thirty years until he died on February 20, 1731, at the age of 70. Antonio I was succeeded by his eldest daughter Louise Hippolyte who had a very short reign of ten months. She died from smallpox at the age of 34, on December 29, 1731.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Antonio I of Monaco

January 25, 1755 – Birth of Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt, Grand Duchess Natalia Alexeievna of Russia, first wife of Paul I, Emperor of All Russia, in Prenzlau, Kingdom of Prussia, now in Brandenburg, Germany
Full name: Wilhelmine Luise
The daughter of Ludwig IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, in 1773, Wilhelmine married Grand Duke Paul Petrovich (the future Paul I, Emperor of All Russia), the son and heir of Catherine II (the Great), Empress of All Russia. After her marriage, she was known as Grand Duchess Natalia Alexeievna. After two-plus years of marriage, Natalia became pregnant. Sadly, she died at the age of 20 after six days of agonizing labor. Her child, a son, also died.
Unofficial Royalty: Wilhelmine of Hesse-Darmstadt, Grand Duchess Natalia Alexeievna of Russia

January 25, 1858 – Wedding of Victoria, Princess Royal, daughter of Queen Victoria, and the future Friedrich III, German Emperor at the Chapel Royal, St. James Palace in London, England
Victoria, Princess Royal and Prince Friedrich of Prussia, the future Friedrich III, German Emperor and King of Prussia, became engaged on September 29, 1855, but the engagement was not publicly announced until May 17, 1856. Because Vicky was so young, her parents decreed that the wedding would have to wait until Vicky was 17-years-old. They were married at the Chapel Royal of St. James’s Palace in London, England on January 25, 1858. The couple had eight children and the Greek, Prussian, Romanian, Serbian, and Spanish royal families descended from this marriage.
Unofficial Royalty: Wedding of Victoria, Princess Royal and Friedrich III, German Emperor, King of Prussia

January 25, 1900 – Death of Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein, wife of Friedrich VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, in Dresden, Kingdom of Prussia; buried in the Ducal Graveyard in Primkenau, Kingdom of Prussia, now in Przemków, Poland
Adelheid’s mother was Princess Feodora of Leiningen, the elder half-sister of Queen Victoria, and therefore Adelheid was Queen Victoria’s niece. In 1856, Adelheid married the future Friedrich VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein. They had seven children including Princess Auguste Viktoria who married Wilhelm II, German Emperor and King of Prussia. Soon after her husband died in 1880, and her eldest daughter’s marriage in early 1881, Adelheid retired from public life, settling in Dresden, Kingdom of Saxony, now in the German state of Saxony, where she spent her time painting and enjoying the arts. She died on January 25, 1900, in Dresden at the age of 64.
Unofficial Royalty: Adelheid of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein

January 25, 1978 – Birth of Princess Charlene of Monaco, wife of Prince Albert II of Monaco, born Charlene Lynette Wittstock in Bulawayo, Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe
Charlene competed for the South African national swimming team. In the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, she competed in the 4 X 100-meter medley and the team came in fifth place. She planned to compete in the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, but could not due to a shoulder injury. In June 2000 at the Marenostrum International Swimming Meet in Monaco, Charlene first met Prince Albert II of Monaco who presided over the meet. Prince Albert was also an Olympian having competed in bobsledding in five Winter Olympics. For the next five years, the couple periodically dated privately. At the Opening Ceremonies for the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, their relationship became public. Charlene and Albert married in a civil ceremony on July 1, 2011, in the Throne Room of the Prince’s Palace, and then in a religious ceremony on July 2, 2011, in the courtyard of the Prince’s Palace. Prince Albert and Princess Charlene have two children, boy and girl twins.
Unofficial Royalty: Princess Charlene of Monaco

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King Gustav II of Sweden; Credit – Wikipedia

January 24, 1712 – Birth of Friedrich II (the Great), King of Prussia at the Berlin City Palace in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia, now in Brandenburg, Germany
King Friedrich II of Prussia, best known as Frederick the Great, was the son of Friedrich Wilhelm I, King in Prussia and Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, daughter of King George I of Great Britain. In 1733, Friedrich married Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel-Bevern, but they spent most of their lives separated, seeing each other only a handful of times after he became King. They had no children, and upon becoming King in 1740, Friedrich named his brother Augustus as Crown Prince. Augustus predeceased Friedrich so his son succeeded as King Friedrich Wilhelm II. Aside from his promotion of the arts, Friedrich proved himself a skilled military commander and made great advancements in his kingdom.
Unofficial Royalty: Friedrich II (the Great), King of Prussia

January 24, 1724 – Birth of Sophie Antonia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, wife of Ernst Friedrich of Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, in Wolfenbüttel, in the Principality of Wolfenbüttel, now in Lower Saxony, Germany
Sophia Antonia was the wife of Ernst Friedrich, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and the great-grandmother of Queen Victoria and her husband Prince Albert. She had connections to several royal families. She was the paternal aunt of Ivan VI, Emperor of All Russia, first cousin of Maria Theresa, Archduchess of Austria, and Queen of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia, and first cousin of Peter II, Emperor of All Russia. Because she was related to many royal families, Sophie Antonia was considered as a bride for several princes. However, she was not considered attractive, causing many marriage negotiations to fail. In 1749, she married Ernst Friedrich, the future Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. The couple had seven children but only three survived childhood.
Unofficial Royalty: Sophie Antonia of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

January 24, 1746 – Birth of King Gustav III of Sweden at the Wrangel Palace on Riddarholmen islet in Gamla Stan, the old town of Stockholm, Sweden
King Gustav III of Sweden is best known for being mortally wounded during a masked ball at the Royal Opera House in Stockholm, Sweden, and dying thirteen days later. The incident was the subject of Giuseppe Verdi’s 1859 opera Un Ballo in Maschera (A Masked Ball). Gustav was the eldest son of King Adolf Frederik of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, daughter of King Friedrich Wilhelm I of Prussia and Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, daughter of King George I of Great Britain. In 1766, Gustav married Princess Sophia Magdalena of Denmark and the couple had one surviving son. Gustav became King of Sweden upon the death of his father in 1771. In 1772, Gustav arranged for a coup d’état known as the Revolution of 1772 or Coup of Gustav III. The coup d’état reinstated an absolute monarchy and ended parliamentary rule. The Russo-Sweden War and the implementation of the Union and Security Act in 1789, which gave the king more power and abolished many of the privileges of the nobility, contributed to the increasing hatred of Gustav III, which had existed among the nobility since the 1772 coup. In the winter of 1791-1792, a conspiracy was formed within the nobility to kill the king and reform the government. Read more about the assassination in the link below.
Unofficial Royalty: King Gustav III of Sweden
Unofficial Royalty: Assassination of Gustav III, King of Sweden

January 24, 1779 – Birth of Louise of Baden, wife of Alexander I, Emperor of All Russia, in Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden, now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Full name: Louise Maria Auguste, known as Elizabeth Alexeievna after marriage
Louise was the daughter of Karl Ludwig, Hereditary Prince of Baden and Amelia Frederica of Hesse-Darmstadt. Louise, herself an empress, had seven siblings including two queens, a grand duchess, a duchess, and a grand duke. Collectively, Louise’s siblings are ancestors of several royal families. In 1793, Louise married the future Alexander I, Emperor of All Russia. Both Elizabeth Alexeievna and her husband had affairs and their marriage produced no surviving children.
Unofficial Royalty: Louise of Baden, Empress Elizabeth Alexeievna of Russia

January 24, 1840 – Birth of Julia Abercromby, Baroness Abercromby, Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Victoria, in Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Born The Honorable Julia Haldane-Duncan, she was the eldest child of Adam Haldane-Duncan, 2nd Earl of Camperdown, and married George Abercromby, 4th Baron Abercromby. She was an accomplished painter and had taken lessons from Mrs. Clarendon Smith of the Institute of Watercolours. During her service, Julia was asked to paint the first official portrait of Queen Victoria for the National Portrait Gallery, fulfilling a request made by the gallery in 1867. She painted a watercolor portrait, based on an original painting by von Angeli. It was one of Queen Victoria’s favorite portraits of herself. In later years, she exhibited some of her work at the Royal Academy in 1898. Today, her paintings are included in the collections of the National Portrait Gallery, Balliol College, Oxford, and the Britannia Royal Naval College.
Unofficial Royalty: Julia Abercromby, Baroness Abercromby

January 24, 1904 – Death of Friedrich I, Duke of Anhalt in Ballenstedt, Duchy of Anhalt, now in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany; first buried in the Dessau Mausoleum in Dessau, Duchy of Anhalt, now in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany. In 1958, his remains, along with the other former royals in the Dessau Mausoleum, were moved secretly by night for political reasons (Dessau was then in Communist East Germany) to an unmarked mass grave in the Ziebigk Cemetery in Dessau. In 2019, Friedrich’s remains were moved a second time and reinterred in the Marienkirche in Dessau, the traditional burial site of the Dukes of Anhalt-Dessau dating back to the 15th century. The Marienkirche was destroyed during World War II and has since been rebuilt.
In 1854, Friedrich married Princess Antoinette of Saxe-Altenburg. They had six children including two Dukes of Anhalt. Before he became Duke of Anhalt, Friedrich had a military career. He served on the staff of his brother-in-law, Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia, during the Second Schleswig War and during the Franco-Prussian War, taking part in the Siege of Toul and battles at Beaumont and Sedan. In January 1871, he was present at the Palace of Versailles for the proclamation of King Wilhelm I of Prussia as the German Emperor. The day after suffering a stroke, Friedrich, aged 73, died in Ballenstedt, Duchy of Anhalt, now in Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, on January 24, 1904.
Unofficial Royalty: Friedrich I, Duke of Anhalt

January 24, 1924 – Death of former Grand Duchess Marie-Adélaïde of Luxembourg at Hohenburg Castle in Bavaria, Germany; buried at Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
Marie-Adélaïde was the eldest of the six daughters of Grand Duke Guillaume IV of Luxembourg. At the time, female succession was not allowed in Luxembourg but Grand Duke Guillaume IV changed that. In 1912, when her father died, Marie-Adélaïde became the first reigning Grand Duchess of Luxembourg. In the early days of World War I, Germany violated the neutral stance of Luxembourg and invaded the country. Marie-Adélaïde issued a formal protest, but this did not prevent the military occupation by Germany. Marie-Adélaïde developed a rather friendly relationship with the Germans, including hosting German Emperor Wilhelm II at the palace. This led to her unpopularity in Luxembourg and to her abdication in favor of her sister Charlotte on January 14, 1919. After her abdication, Marie-Adélaïde entered a Carmelite convent in Modena, Italy. Eventually, she became a nun, joining the Little Sisters of the Poor in Rome, taking the name Sister Marie of the Poor. Her health began to worsen so she left the convent and settled at Hohenburg Castle in Bavaria, Germany where she died of influenza on January 24, 1924, at the age of 29.
Unofficial Royalty: Grand Duchess Marie-Adélaïde of Luxembourg

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Queen Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden; Credit – Wikipedia

January 23, 1516 – Death of King Ferdinand II of Aragon in Madrigalejo, Cáceres, Extremadura, Spain; buried in the Royal Chapel in the Cathedral of Granada in Spain
Ferdinand was the husband of Queen Isabella I of Castile and the father of Catherine of Aragon, the first wife of King Henry VIII of England. He was the king of Aragon from 1479 until he died in 1516. As the husband of Queen Isabella I of Castile, he was also the king of Castile from 1475 to 1504 (as Ferdinand V). He reigned jointly with Isabella over a dynastically unified Spain and together they are known as the Catholic Monarchs.
Unofficial Royalty: King Ferdinand II of Aragon

January 23, 1688 – Birth of Queen Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden at Stockholm Palace in Stockholm, Sweden
The daughter of Karl XI, King of Sweden and Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark, Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden, in her own right, succeeded her unmarried brother Karl XII, King of Sweden in 1718 and reigned for two years before abdicating in favor of her husband Friedrich of Hesse-Kassel who reigned as Fredrik I, King of Sweden. Ulrika and her husband had no children. After Ulrika abdicated, although she had an interest in affairs of state, she withdrew from all visible participation in them, occupying herself with reading, charity, and her many friends. Ulrika Eleonora died from smallpox at the age of 53. Her husband Fredrik I, King of Sweden survived her by ten years.
Unofficial Royalty: Queen Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden

January 23, 1820 – Death of Edward, Duke of Kent, son of King George III of the United Kingdom and father of Queen Victoria, at Sidmouth, Devon, England; buried at St. George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle in Windsor, England
Edward was the fourth son and the fifth of the fifteen children of King George III and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. Julie de Montgenêt de Saint-Laurent was his mistress from 1790 – 1818 and accompanied him wherever he went until he married. In November 1817, the death in childbirth of Princess Charlotte of Wales, the only legitimate grandchild of King George III, necessitated the marriages of the unmarried sons of George III to provide an heir to the throne. Edward’s mistress Julie is said to have read the news of Edward’s engagement in the newspaper while seated at the breakfast table and reacted with violent hysterics. Edward was genuinely attached to her and deeply upset at their forced separation. On May 29, 1818, 50-year-old Edward married 32-year-old Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. The future Queen Victoria, their only child, was born at Kensington Palace on May 24, 1819.  Toward the end of 1819, Edward leased Woolbrook Cottage in Sidmouth, a town on the English Channel, due to the need to economize. In early January, Edward caught a cold and within days, the cold worsened, he became feverish and delirious and developed pneumonia. His condition was aggravated by the bleeding and cupping. Edward became increasingly weaker and died on January 23, 1820, just six days before his father, King George III died.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Edward, Duke of Kent

January 23, 1874 – Wedding of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, Duke of Saxe-Coburg  and Gotha and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, Russia
During a family holiday in 1868 in Hesse, Alfred and Maria first met. They met again in 1871 and 1873 when Alfred proposed. Despite the misgivings of Maria’s parents and Alfred’s mother, the couple was married on January 23, 1874, at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, Russia. Upon their return to London, they took up residence at Clarence House in London, and Eastwell Park in Kent, which they leased until 1893.
Unofficial Royalty: Wedding of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, Duke of Saxe-Coburg  and Gotha and Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia

January 23, 1891 – Death of Prince Baudouin of Belgium at the Palace of the Count of Flanders in Brussels; buried at the Church of Our Lady of Laeken
Baudouin was the son of Philippe, Count of Flanders, the second son of Leopold I, King of the Belgians. He was considered the heir of his uncle Leopold II, King of the Belgians who had no living male heirs. In early 1891, Baudouin became ill with influenza that had made its way through most of his family members. He likely caught the illness from his sister Henriette, whom he insisted on visiting during her illness despite warnings from doctors. Although at first, he appeared to be weathering the illness better than his sister, Baudouin’s condition suddenly deteriorated on January 22, 1891. He died early the following morning at the age of 21. The country of Belgium was plunged into mourning for their promising prince. Parliament was adjourned, theaters and libraries were closed, and mourning was ordered until the beginning of the spring. His younger brother later became Albert I, King of the Belgians.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Baudouin of Belgium

January 23, 1896 – Birth of Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg at Berg Castle in Luxembourg
Full name: Charlotte Adelgonde Élise/Elisabeth Marie Wilhelmine
Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg was the sovereign from January 14, 1919, until November 12, 1964, when she abdicated in favor of her son Jean. During World War II, Germany invaded Luxembourg, and Charlotte and her family spent most of the war in the United States. Charlotte returned to her homeland, and the family took up residence at Fischbach Castle, which had suffered significantly less damage than the other royal properties, Berg Castle and the Grand Ducal Palace. Her focus became rebuilding Luxembourg and bringing the tiny nation to a more prominent profile in Europe. Through the remainder of her reign, she entertained world leaders and paid visits to many others. Her efforts to gain Luxembourg a place on the world’s stage were successful.
Unofficial Royalty: Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg

January 21, 1923 – Birth of Prince Andrew Romanov in London, England
Andrew was the son of Prince Andrei Alexandrovich of Russia and his first wife Duchess Elisabetta Sasso-Ruffo Di Sant Antimo from the Italian noble House of Ruffo di Calabria. Andrew’s paternal grandparents were Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia (grandson of Nicholas I, Emperor of All Russia) and Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia (daughter of Alexander III, Emperor of All Russia and sister of Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia). Known as Andrew Romanoff after he came to the United States in 1949, he was one of the disputed pretenders to the Headship of the Russian Imperial Family from 2016 to 2021.
Unofficial Royalty: Andrew Romanoff, born Prince Andrew Romanov

January 23, 1952 – Death of Natalia Sergeyevna Sheremetyevskaya, Countess Brasova, morganatic wife of Grand Duke Michael of Russia, son of Alexander III, Emperor of All Russia, at the Laënnec, a charity hospital in Paris, France; buried in Passy Cemetery in Paris, France
Natalia was the lover and then the morganatic wife of Grand Duke Michael of Russia, brother of Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia. After the birth of a son named George after Michael’s deceased brother, Natalia and her first husband were divorced. Nicholas II issued a decree giving George the surname Brasov after Michael’s estate at Brasov, granted Natalia permission to use the surname Brasova, and allowed her to live with Michael at his estate Brasovo.  When Michael and Natalia were secretly married without Nicholas II’s permission, Nicholas stripped Michael of his military rank, froze all his assets in Russia, seized control of his estates, and banished him from Russia. Eventually, Michael was allowed to return to Russia, his son George was legitimized and created Count Brasov but neither he nor his descendants could be in the line of succession. At the same time, Natalia was created Countess Brasova. Michael and his secretary were killed during the Russian Revolution and their bodies were never found. Natalia, her daughter from her first marriage, and her son George escaped Russia. Natalia used money in Michael’s bank accounts in Paris and Copenhagen and started selling her jewelry. George died in a car accident at the age of 20. By the time World War II started, Natalia was nearly broke and living in a one-room attic apartment in Paris. In 1951, Natalia found out she had cancer and her landlady evicted her. She was taken to the Laënnec, a charity hospital in Paris, France, where she died on January 23, 1952, at the age of 71.
Unofficial Royalty: Natalia Sergeyevna Sheremetyevskaya, Countess Brasova

January 23, 1957 – Birth of Princess Caroline of Monaco, Princess of Hanover at the Prince’s Palace in Monaco
Full name: Caroline Louise Marguerite
Caroline is the eldest of the three children of Rainier II, Prince of Monaco and Grace Kelly. In 1978, she married Philippe Junot, a Frenchman seventeen years her elder. The marriage ended in divorce in 1980. In 1983, Caroline married Italian businessman Stefano Casiraghi. Tragically, Stefano was killed in a speedboat accident in 1990 just off the coast of Monaco. The couple had three children. In January 1999, on her birthday, Caroline married Prince Ernst August of Hanover. Ernst August is the pretender to the throne of the former Kingdom of Hanover. While initially very happy, the couple now leads separate lives. Caroline and their daughter live primarily in Monaco, while her husband lives at his homes in Germany. Caroline regularly attends important social events in Monaco related to the Monégasque Princely Family. Due to her commitment to philanthropy and arts, Caroline was named a UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador in 2003.
Unofficial Royalty: Princess Caroline of Monaco, Princess of Hanover

January 23, 1998 – Death of Prince Friedrich Josias of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Head of the Ducal Family of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and titular Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1954 until his death, in a hospital in Amstetten, Austria, buried in the family cemetery in the forest of Schloss Callenberg in Coburg, Bavaria, Germany.
The Head of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1954 until he died in 1998, Friedrich Josias was born just three weeks after his father Charles Edward was deposed as Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha after the end of World War I. Through his father, Friedrich Josias was a great-grandson of Queen Victoria. In 1942, Friedrich Josias married his first cousin Countess Viktoria-Luise of Solms-Baruth The couple divorced in 1946 but they had one son who succeeded his father as the Head of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. During World War II, Friedrich Josias was an adjutant to Field Marshal Erwin Rommel who was in charge of the German campaign in North Africa, and on the staff of General Hermann von Hanneken, the supreme commander of the German forces in Denmark. In May 1945, Friedrich Josias was captured by British forces in Denmark and remained in captivity until he was released that autumn when he returned to Coburg. In 1948, Friedrich Josias married  Denyse Henriette de Muralt  The couple divorced in 1964 and had three children. He made a third marriage in 1964 to Katrin Bremme but they had no children. During the last years of his life, Friedrich Josias was in ill health and his son Andreas took over many of his duties. He died on January 23, 1998, in a hospital in Amstetten, Austria at the age of 79.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Friedrich Josias  of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha

January 23, 2015 – Death of King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, buried at the Al-Oud Cemetary in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Abdullah bin Abdulaziz was proclaimed the sixth King of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia on August 1, 2005, upon the death of his half-brother King Fahd bin Abdulaziz. Throughout his life, King Abdullah had a love of the desert and a love of horsemanship. He was a breeder of pure Arabian horses and the founder of the equestrian club in Riyadh. Another lifelong passion is reading which he considered very important. He established two libraries, the King Abdulaziz Library in Riyadh, and one in Casablanca, Morocco. King Abdullah died on January 23, 2015, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia at the age of 90, three weeks after being hospitalized for pneumonia. He was succeeded by his 79-year-old half-brother Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud.
Unofficial Royalty: King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia

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Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom; Credit – Wikipedia

January 22, 1557 – Death of Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus, second of the three husbands of Margaret Tudor, at Tantallon Castle near North Berwick, East Lothian, Scotland; his burial information is uncertain, may have been buried in Abernethy, Perthshire, Scotland
Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus, a Scottish nobleman active during the reigns of James V, King of Scots and Mary, Queen of Scots, was a leader of the Anglophile faction in Scotland in the early decades of the 16th century, seizing power several times. However, by the later part of his life, Archibald was once again a Scottish patriot. Through their daughter Margaret Douglas, Archibald and Margaret Tudor are the grandparents of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, the first cousin and second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, the great-grandparents of James VI, King of Scots, later also James I, King of England, and the ancestors of the British royal family and most other European royal families.
Unofficial Royalty: Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus

January 22, 1592- Death of Elisabeth of Austria, Queen of France, wife of King Charles IX of France, in Vienna, Austria; buried first in the Convent of Poor Clares, Mary, Queen of Angels in Vienna, Austria, re-interred in 1782 in the Ducal Crypt at St. Stephen’s Cathedral in Vienna
Elisabeth was the daughter of Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor. In 1570, she married King Charles IX of France. Elisabeth gave birth in 1572 to her only child, a daughter Princess Marie Elisabeth, who lived for only six years. In 1574, Elisabeth’s husband Charles IX died at the age of 23 from tuberculosis. Widowed at the age of 20, Elisabeth was determined to return to Vienna. Having provided no male heirs to the French throne, her future life at the French court alongside her mother-in-law Catherine de Medici was a dismal prospect. In 1580, Elisabeth bought some land in Vienna and founded the Convent of Poor Clares, Mary, Queen of Angels, also known as the Queen’s Monastery, and retired there. Elisabeth devoted the rest of her life to the practice of piety, caring for the poor, and nursing the sick. On January 22, 1592, Elisabeth died of pleurisy at the age of 37.
Unofficial Royalty: Elisabeth of Austria, Queen of France

January 22, 1674 – Birth of Dorothea Maria of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen, first wife of Ernst Ludwig I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, in Gotha, Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, now in Thuringia, Germany
In 1704, Dorothea Maria married her first cousin Ernst Ludwig I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen. They had five children including two Dukes of Saxe-Meiningen. The marriage was a happy one, and both shared the same interests in music and the arts. She devoted much of her time to charitable works, in particular supporting the orphanage in Meiningen. Dorothea Maria died, aged 39, on April 18, 1713.
Unofficial Royalty: Dorothea Maria of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen

January 22, 1797 – Birth of Archduchess Maria Leopoldina of Austria, Empress of Brazil, Queen of Portugal, wife of Pedro I of Brazil/Pedro IV of Portugal, at Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna, Austria
Full name: Caroline Josepha Leopoldina Franziska Ferdinand
Maria Leopoldina was the daughter of Emperor Franz I of Austria and the second of his four wives, Maria Theresa of Naples and Sicily. In 1817, Maria Leopoldina married Pedro, Crown Prince of Portugal and Prince of Brazil.  At that time, Brazil was ruled as a kingdom united with Portugal.  In 1807, the Portuguese royal family had moved to Brazil to escape the Napoleonic invasion and had remained in Brazil where Rio de Janeiro became the de facto capital of the Portuguese Empire. Maria Leopoldina and Pedro had seven children including Queen Maria II of Portugal. Pedro was quite uneducated and the intelligent and well-educated Leopoldina quickly gained influence over her husband. Pedro discussed all government affairs with her and usually followed her advice. In August 1822, Pedro appointed Leopoldina Regent while he went on a political trip. While Pedro was away, Leopoldina received news that Portugal was about to take action, and without waiting for Pedro’s return, met with the Council of State and signed the Decree of Independence, declaring Brazil independent from Portugal. Pedro I was declared Emperor of Brazil. 29-year-old Leopoldina died at the Palacio de São Cristovão on December 11, 1826, from puerperal fever (childbed fever) after a miscarriage.
Unofficial Royalty: Maria Leopoldina of Austria, Empress of Brazil

January 22, 1831 – Birth of Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein, husband of Princess Helena of the United Kingdon, at Augustenborg Palace in Augustenborg, Denmark
Full name: Friedrich Christian Karl August
Prince Christian was the son of Christian August II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg and Countess Louise Sophie of Danneskiold-Samsøe. While attending the University of Bonn, Christian became close friends with the future German Emperor Friedrich III. This friendship would serve him well in later years, as Friedrich’s wife Victoria, Princess Royal was the elder sister of Christian’s future wife Helena. Christian and Helena first met on a visit to Coburg in the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Despite the fifteen-year age difference, they were drawn to each other. They were married in 1866 and made an agreement with Queen Victoria that they would live in the United Kingdom, close to The Queen. Christian and Helena had five children. In 1916, he and Helena celebrated their 50th wedding anniversary, the first in the British royal family since King George III and Queen Charlotte.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein

January 22, 1858 – Death of Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Baden, in Karlsruhe, Grand Duchy of Baden, now in Baden-Württemberg, Germany; buried in the Karlsruhe Stadtkirche, after World War II, his remains were moved to the Grand Ducal Chapel in the Pheasant Garden in Karlsruhe
Ludwig was the eldest surviving son of Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden and Sofia of Sweden.  As Ludwig got older, signs of mental illness began to show, and in March 1852, he was diagnosed as having a non-curable mental disorder. The following month, Ludwig’s father died and he succeeded as Grand Duke of Baden. However, because of his illness, his brother Friedrich served as Regent during Ludwig’s brief four-year reign.
Unofficial Royalty: Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Baden

January 22, 1872 – Birth of Prince Nicholas of Greece, son of King George I of Greece, at the Royal Palace in Athens, Greece
In 1902, Nicholas married his second cousin Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia, the daughter of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia (a son of Alexander II, Emperor of All Russia) and Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Nicholas and Elena had three daughters including Princess Marina who married Prince George, Duke of Kent. Because of the political situation in Greece, members of the Greek royal family, including Nicholas and his wife, were often in exile. The Greek monarchy was restored in 1935, and the following year, Nicholas and Elena returned to Greece. Having suffered from declining health for several years, Prince Nicholas died in 1938 due to atherosclerosis.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Nicholas of Greece

January 22, 1901 – Death of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom at Osborne House, Isle of Wight, England; buried at the Royal Mausoleum at Frogmore in Windsor, England
Queen Victoria had enjoyed good health throughout her life, but in the last year of her life, she suffered from indigestion, insomnia, weight loss, and some difficulty with speaking, reading, and writing. Rheumatism made it difficult to walk and cataracts made it difficult to see. On December 18, 1900, she traveled to Osborne House on the Isle of Wight for the last time. The journey exhausted her, but after a few days, she seemed somewhat recovered. However, by January 16, 1901, it was obvious that Queen Victoria’s life was drawing to an end. She died at Osborne House on January 22, 1901, surrounded by her family. Her funeral was held at St. George’s Chapel at Windsor Castle, and she was interred beside Prince Albert in the Frogmore Mausoleum in Windsor Great Park.
Unofficial Royalty: Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom

January 22, 1954 – Death of Princess Margaret of Prussia, granddaughter of Queen Victoria, at Schloss Kronberg (formerly Schloss Friedrichshof) in Taunus, Hesse, Germany and was buried  in the family cemetery of the House of Hesse there
Known as Mossy, she was the daughter of Friedrich III, German Emperor, King of Prussia and Victoria, Princess Royal. In 1893, Mossy married Prince Friedrich Karl of Hesse, known as Fischy. They had six sons including two sets of twins. Two of their sons were killed in action during World War I and one was killed in action during World War II. In 1925, Fischy’s brother abdicated as the head of the House of Hesse and was succeeded by Fischy. Even though Germany had done away with royal titles, Fischy was styled as Landgrave of Hesse, and Mossy was styled as Landgravine of Hesse. Fischy died on May 28, 1940, at the age of 72. Mossy survived her husband by nearly fourteen years, dying  on January 22, 1954, at the age of 81
Unofficial Royalty: Princess Margaret of Prussia, Landgravine of Hesse

January 22, 1963 – Death of Nadejda Mikhailovna de Torby, Marchioness of Milford Haven, daughter of Grand Duke Mikhail Mikhailovich of Russia, wife of George Mountbatten, 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven, in Cannes, France; buried at Bray Cemetery in Bray, Berkshire, England
Nadejda was the daughter of Grand Duke Mikhail Mikhailovich of Russia, a grandson of Nicholas I, Emperor of All Russia, and his morganatic wife Countess Sophie von Merenberg. As her parents’ marriage was morganatic, her father was stripped of his position at the Imperial Court and banished from Russia for the rest of his life. By the time she was four years old, Nadejda’s family had settled in England, but they also spent part of the year at their villa in Cannes, France. The family became prominent members of British society and developed friendships with several members of the British Royal Family. Through these friendships, Nadejda met her future husband, Prince George of Battenberg, later 2nd Marquess of Milford Haven, and the uncle of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Nadejda and George married in 1916 and had two children. Nadejda was widowed when her husband succumbed to bone marrow cancer in 1938. She survived her husband by twenty-five years, dying at the age of 67.
Unofficial Royalty: Nadejda Mikhailovna de Torby, Marchioness of Milford Haven

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King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway; Credit – Wikipedia

January 21, 1705 – Death of Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, Queen in Prussia, second wife of King Friedrich I of Prussia, in the Electorate of Hanover, now in Lower Saxony, Germany; buried at the Berlin Cathedral in Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia, now in Brandenburg, Germany
Sophia Charlotte was the daughter of Ernst August, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Sophia of the Palatinate. Her mother was named heiress-presumptive the British throne under the Act of Settlement 1701, and it would be Sophie Charlotte’s eldest brother who would become King George I of Great Britain in 1714. In 1684, she married the future King Friedrich I in Prussia. The marriage was not a happy one. Several years after giving birth to her two children, Sophie Charlotte retired to private life. She indulged in her love of the arts, philosophy, and theology. She surrounded herself with some of the leading minds of the day, including Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, a prominent mathematician and philosopher. Sophie Charlotte died of pneumonia at the age of 36, while visiting her mother in the Electorate of Hanover.
Unofficial Royalty: Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, Queen in Prussia

January 21, 1793 – Execution of King Louis XVI of France at the Place de la Révolution in Paris, France; originally buried in a mass grave near the location of today’s La Madeleine Church in Paris, reburied at the Basilica of Saint-Denis near Paris
During the French Revolution, Louis XVI was arrested and imprisoned in the Temple in Paris. Five weeks later, on September 21, the National Assembly declared a Republic, abolishing the monarchy, and stripping the King and his family of all their titles and honors. The former King of France was now known as Citizen Louis Capet. The King was brought to trial in December 1792, with 33 charges lodged against him, and he was found guilty on January 15, 1793. The following day, the National Convention, by a narrow margin, voted in favor of execution. On the morning of January 21, 1793, Louis made his final confession and attended Mass. He then traveled by carriage through the streets of Paris, to the Place de la Révolution (now the Place de la Concorde) where he was beheaded by guillotine. His body was taken to the Madeleine Cemetery, where a brief memorial service was held. His remains were dumped from their coffin into a grave, with his severed head placed at his feet. Years later, in 1815, on the anniversary of his execution, Louis XVI’s remains, along with those of his wife who was also executed, were reinterred at the Basilica of Saint-Denis.
Unofficial Royalty: Executions of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, King and Queen of France
Unofficial Royalty: King Louis XVI of France

January 21, 1796 – Birth of Marie of Hesse-Kassel, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, wife of Grand Duke Georg of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, in Hanau, Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, now in Hesse, Germany
Full name: Marie Wilhelmine Friederike
In 1817, Marie married Grand Duke Georg of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. They had four children including Friedrich Wilhelm, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz who married Queen Victoria’s husband Princess Augusta of Cambridge. A talented painter, Marie often painted copies of famous paintings. Many were used as altarpieces in churches in the grand duchy, including the town churches in Schönberg and Neustrelitz, both of which still exist. Just three months after the death of her husband, Marie died at the age of 67.
Unofficial Royalty: Marie of Hesse-Kassel, Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

January 21, 1829 – Birth of King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway at the Royal Palace in Stockholm, Sweden
Full name: Oscar Fredrik
Oscar was the third of the four sons of King Oscar I of Sweden and Norway. In 1857, he married Princess Sophia of Nassau and the couple had four sons. Upon his father’s death in 1859, Oscar became Crown Prince and heir of his elder brother King Karl XV, who had no living male heirs. Oscar became King of Sweden and Norway when his brother died in 1872. In 1905, King Oscar II formally renounced his claim to the Norwegian throne, with Sweden finally recognizing Norway as an independent constitutional monarchy. Oscar’s great-nephew, Prince Carl of Denmark (a grandson of Oscar’s elder brother King Karl XV), was elected King of Norway, taking the name Haakon VII. Ironically, Haakon’s son Olav married the daughter of Oscar’s son Prince Carl of Sweden, and today it is Oscar’s great-grandson, King Harald V, who sits on the Norwegian throne. Through his children, Oscar II’s descendants currently occupy the thrones of Sweden, Norway, Belgium, and Luxembourg. Soon after the end of the union with Norway, King Oscar’s health began to decline. He died at the age of 78.
Unofficial Royalty: King Oscar II of Sweden

January 21, 1836 – Death of Maria Cristina of Savoy, Queen of the Two Sicilies, first wife of Ferdinando II, King of the Two Sicilies, in Naples, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, now in Italy; buried at the Basilica of Santa Chiara in Naples
Maria Cristina was the daughter of Vittorio Emanuele I, King of Sardinia and Maria Theresa of Austria-Este. In 1832, she married Ferdinando II, King of Two Sicilies. Maria Cristina was shy, modest, reserved, and a very devout Catholic. During the short time that she was Queen of the Two Sicilies, Maria Cristina managed to prevent the carrying out of all death sentences. She was called “the Holy Queen” for her deep religious devotion. She endured her nearly constant illnesses with patience and piety and was popular with the people for her charity, modesty, and humility. On January 21, 1836, five days after giving birth to her only child, the future Francesco II, King of the Two Sicilies, 23-year-old Maria Cristina died from childbirth complications. In 1859, a cause for the canonization of Maria Cristina as a saint of the Roman Catholic Church was opened. In 1872, Maria Cristina was declared to be a Servant of God and in 1937, she was declared a Venerable Servant of God. In 2013, Pope Francis authorized a decree recognizing a miracle due to her intercession and approved Maria Cristina’s beatification. She is known in the Roman Catholic Church as Blessed Maria Cristina of Savoy and is one step away from canonization as a saint. On January 25, 2014, the Basilica of Santa Chiara in Naples, Italy, the burial site of Maria Cristina, was the site of her beatification ceremony. Several thousand people attended the ceremony including the two branches of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.
Unofficial Royalty: Maria Cristina of Savoy, Queen of the Two Sicilies

January 21, 1846 – Death of Francesco IV, Duke of Modena and Reggio at the Ducal Palace in Modena, Duchy of Modena, now in Italy; buried at the Church of San Vincenzo in Modena, Duchy of Modena, now in Italy
Francesco was the son of Maria Beatrice d’Este, the heiress of Modena and Reggio and Archduke Ferdinand Karl of Austria, son of Francis Stephen, Duke of Lorraine, Grand Duke of Tuscany, Holy Roman Emperor and Maria Theresa, in her own right Archduchess of Austria, and Queen of Hungary, Croatia, and Bohemia. Francesco’s paternal grandfather Ercole III d’Este, Duke of Modena and Reggio had been deposed by Napoleon Bonaparte. Francesco regained the Duchy of Modena and Reggio as Francesco IV in 1814, after the fall of Napoleon. In 1812, 1812, 33-year-old Francesco married his 20-year-old niece Maria Beatrice of Savoy and they had four children. While Francesco’s grandfather Ercole III reigned the Duchy of Modena and Reggio as an enlightened monarch, Francesco’s reign was more autocratic. Francesco died on January 21, 1846, aged 66.
Unofficial Royalty: Francesco IV, Duke of Modena and Reggio

January 21, 1869 – Birth of Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin, a favorite of the family of Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia, in Pokrovskoye, Siberia, Russia
Rasputin was the son of father Yefim Yakovlevich Rasputin, a peasant farmer and a coachman, and Anna Vasilievna Parshukova. Like most Siberian peasants, Rasputin was not formally educated and he remained illiterate until his early adulthood. In February 1887, Rasputin married Praskovya Feodorovna Dubrovina, a peasant girl. They had seven children but only three survived to adulthood. In 1897, Rasputin developed a renewed interest in religion and spent the next several years as a strannik, a holy wanderer or pilgrim. By the early 1900s, Rasputin had a circle of followers in Siberia and local church officials gave him a letter of recommendation to the rector of the St. Petersburg Theological Seminary. In St. Petersburg, Rasputin met church official Archimandrite Theofan. It was through Theofan that Rasputin attracted some of his early and influential followers in St. Petersburg. Rasputin formed friendships with several members of the aristocracy, including the sisters Princess Militsa and Princess Anastasia of Montenegro, who had both married into the Russian Imperial Family and were instrumental in introducing Rasputin to Nicholas II, Emperor of All Russia and his family.
Unofficial Royalty: Grigori Yefimovich Rasputin

January 21, 1940 – Death of Prince Christopher of Greece and Denmark, son of King George I of Greece, in Athens, Greece; buried at the Royal Cemetery, Tatoi Palace, Greece
Christopher was the only one of his parents’ eight children born outside of Greece. His birth was a surprise, as his eldest sibling was 20 years old at the time of Christopher’s birth. Christopher was offered the thrones of Lithuania, Albania, and Portugal, all of which he refused. Christopher believed a throne should be accepted only when the prospective ruler was seriously dedicated to the idea of leading a country. Christopher did not believe himself to be sufficiently up to the challenge. In 1920, Christopher married Nancy Stewart Worthington Leeds, an American widow, known as Princess Anastasia after her marriage. Anastasia was diagnosed with cancer not long after the wedding and died in London in 1923. Six years later, Christopher married French Princess Francoise of Orleans, and they had one son. Christopher died on January 21, 1940,  at the age of 51, after suffering several weeks with a lung abscess.
Unofficial Royalty: Prince Christopher of Greece and Denmark

January 21, 1967 – Death of Dorothea of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein, wife of Ernst Gunther, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein, at Schloss Taxis in Dischingen, Germany; buried at St. Augustine’s Catholic Church in Coburg, Bavaria, Germany
In 1898, Dorothea married Ernst Günther, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein. Upon his father’s death in 1880, Ernst Günther had inherited his father’s title. However, just like his father before him, the title was merely in pretense, as the Duchies of Schleswig and Holstein had been annexed by Prussia following the Austro-Prussian War in 1866. Dorothea and Ernst Günther had no children. Widowed in 1921, Dorothea survived her husband by nearly 46 years, dying at the age of 86.
Unofficial Royalty: Dorothea of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein

January 21, 1984 – Death of Archduke Gottfried of Austria in Bad Ischl, Austria; buried in the parish cemetery of Sankt Gilgen in Salzburg, Austria
Archduke Gottfried of Austria was the Pretender to the former Grand Ducal throne of Tuscany from 1948 until he died in 1984.
Unofficial Royalty: Archduke Gottfried of Austria

January 21, 1991 – Death of  Princess Ileana of Romania, Archduchess of Austria-Tuscany at the Orthodox Monastery of the Transfiguration she founded in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania; buried in the Cemetery of the Orthodox Monastery of the Transfiguration
Ileana was the daughter of King Ferdinand I of Romania and Princess Marie of Edinburgh, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. In 1931, she married Archduke Anton of Austria, Prince of Tuscany. Ileana’s brother King Carol II of Romania banished the couple from the country, claiming that the Romanian people would never tolerate a Habsburg living on Romanian soil. They settled at Castle Sonnenburg, just outside of Vienna, Austria and the couple had six children. After World War II, Ileana and her husband lived in Argentina before purchasing a house in Massachusetts, to allow for proper schooling for the children. Ileana and  Anton divorced in May 1954, and a month later, Ileana married Dr. Stefan Issarescu. This marriage would also end in divorce. In 1961, Illeana entered an Orthodox monastery in France, eventually becoming a nun, and taking on the name Mother Alexandra. Returning to the United States, she founded a monastery in Ellwood City, Pennsylvania, and served as abbess. She retired from her position as abbess in 1981 but remained at the monastery for the remainder of her life. Princess Ileana, Mother Alexandra, died on January 21, 1991, at the age of 82, after suffering a fall and two major heart attacks.
Unofficial Royalty: Princess Ileana of Romania

January 21, 2004 – Birth of Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway, daughter of Crown Prince Haakon of Norway, at the Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
Ingrid Alexandra is the elder of the two children of Crown Prince Haakon of Norway and his wife Crown Princess Mette-Marit (née Mette-Marit Tjessem Høiby), and one of the five grandchildren of King Harald V of Norway. In 1990, Norway adopted absolute primogeniture whereby the crown goes to the eldest child regardless of gender. This means that Princess Ingrid Alexandra is second in the line of succession to the throne of Norway behind her father and is expected to become the reigning Queen of Norway.
Unofficial Royalty: Princess Ingrid Alexandra of Norway

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