by Scott Mehl
© Unofficial Royalty 2023
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was located in today’s southern Italy. It included the island of Sicily and all of the Italian peninsula south of the Papal States. Ferdinando I, the first King of the Two Sicilies, had previously reigned over two kingdoms, as Ferdinando IV of the Kingdom of Naples and Ferdinando III of the Kingdom of Sicily. He had been deposed twice from the throne of Naples: once by the revolutionary Parthenopean Republic for six months in 1799 and again by Napoleon in 1805, before being restored in 1816 after the defeat of Napoleon. After the 1816 restoration, the two kingdoms were united into the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies.
Vittorio Emanuele II, King of Sardinia became a driving force behind the Italian unification movement along with Giuseppe Garibaldi, a general and nationalist, and Giuseppe Mazzini, a politician and journalist. Garibaldi conquered Naples and Sicily, the territories of the Kingdom of Two Sicilies. Francesco II, King of the Two Sicilies was deposed, the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies ceased to exist, and its territory was incorporated into the Kingdom of Sardinia. Eventually, the Sardinian troops occupied the central territories of the Italian peninsula, except Rome and part of Papal States. With all the newly acquired land, Vittorio Emanuele II was proclaimed the first King of the new, united Kingdom of Italy in 1861.
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Prince Ranieri of Bourbon-Two Sicilies was one of two claimants to the headship of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies and the throne of the former Kingdom of Two Sicilies, from 1960-1973.
Prince Ranieri Maria Benito Giuseppe Labaro Gaetano Francesco Saverio Barbara Niccolo was born in Cannes, France on December 3, 1883, a younger son of Prince Alfonso of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Count of Caserta and Princess Maria Antonietta of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. He had 11 siblings:
- Prince Ferdinando Pio, Duke of Calabria (1869) – married Princess Maria Ludwiga Theresia of Bavaria, had issue
- Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1870) – married (1) Mercedes, Princess of Asturias, had issue; (2) Princess Louise of Orléans, had issue
- Prince Francesco di Paola of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1873) – died in childhood
- Princess Maria Immaculata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1874) – married Prince Johann Georg of Saxony, had issue
- Princess Maria Cristina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1877) – married Archduke Peter Ferdinand of Austria, Prince of Tuscany, had issue
- Princess Maria di Grazia of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1878) – married Prince Luiz Maria of Orléans-Braganza, had issue
- Princess Maria Giuseppina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1880) – married Count Alfredo Galanti, had issue
- Prince Gennaro of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1882) – married Beatrice Bordessa, Countess of Villa Colli, no issue
- Prince Filippo of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1885) – married Princess Marie Louise of Orléans, had issue
- Prince Francesco d’Assisi of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1888) – unmarried
- Prince Gabriel of Bourbon-Two Sicilies (1897) – married (1) Princess Malgorzata Czartoryska, had issue; (2) Princess Cecylia Lubomirska, had issue
On September 12, 1923, in Slovakia, Prince Ranieri married his first cousin, Countess Maria Carolina Zamoyska. She was the daughter of Count Andrzej Zamoyski and Princess Maria Carolina of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. The couple had two children:
- Princess Maria del Carmen (1924)
- Prince Ferdinando, Duke of Castro (1926) – married Chantal de Chevron-Villette, had issue
The death of Ranieri’s eldest brother, Prince Ferdinand of Bourbon-Two Sicilies in 1960 brought about the current dispute over the headship of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. As Ferdinando Pio had no surviving sons, it should have passed to the descendants of his younger brother, Prince Carlo, who had died in 1949. Carlo’s son, Infante Alfonso of Spain, claimed to be the rightful heir. However, Prince Ranieri claimed that Carlo had renounced his rights of succession when he married the Spanish heiress-presumptive, Maria de las Mercedes, Princess of Asturias, in 1901. At the time, Carlo became a Spanish subject and was made an Infante of Spain. Prince Ranieri interpreted this as a renunciation of any claims to the throne of Two Sicilies, thus making him the rightful heir. However, Infante Alfonso argued that the renunciation would have only taken effect if Mercedes had ascended to the Spanish throne. The dispute continues today, with two branches of the family claiming to be the rightful heir and Head of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.
Prince Ranieri died in France on January 13, 1973. He is buried in the Cimetière du Grand Jas, in Cannes.
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Kingdom of the Two Sicilies Resources at Unofficial Royalty
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